非结构糖在柠条(Caragana korshinskii K.)再生生长和持续生存中的作用     

王先之  方向文  贾国梅  金胜利  王刚 《中国沙漠》2006,26(4):585-589

 柠条在地上组织破坏后从根颈处萌蘖出大量的一年生枝，根系储存的碳水化合物将供应地上生长。但连续刈割后根系储存物质如何变化，储存物质在柠条生长和维持存活中的作用仍须研究。本文在不同时间段内对柠条新萌蘖枝进行连续去除（处理1：对照，3月28日刈割1次后不再处理；处理2：从萌芽到6月9日，每3 d去除一次新萌发枝；处理3：从萌芽到6月24日，每3 d去除一次新萌发枝；处理4：从萌芽到7月15，每3 d去除一次新萌发枝）。结果表明：处理3和4在7月非结构糖含量显著高于处理1和2，说明处理1和2将根系储存的非结构糖用于地上生物量的恢复。连续刈割处理（处理3和4）导致柠条根系非结构糖含量持续下降，这主要是由根系呼吸作用引起。秋末对当年生枝统计结果表明，各处理之间当年生枝数/刈割枝在各处理间差异不显著，说明柠条对外界的破坏具有极强的忍耐能力。  相似文献   

旅游空间日容量的周转率改正   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄羊山 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(1):94-96

通常计算风景区旅游空间日容量的方法因周转率的计算错误,夸大了容量值,导致产生虚拟游客。根据旅游者的行为,分析周转率计算中需考虑的因素,提出新的周转率计算方法,使计算值接近实际值。  相似文献   

篑筜湖大型海藻群落的几种钩虾亚目端足类的种群产量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑新庆  黄凌风  贾晓燕  傅迅毅  徐向伟  黄邦钦 《海洋学报》2011,33(6):134-141

于2007年12月到2008年5月在厦门筼筜湖采集端足类样品,分析了筼筜湖大型海藻群落中端足类的种群结构并估算其种群产量.结果显示,生活在筼筜湖大型海藻群落的端足类生活史短暂,上野蜾赢蜚(Corophium uenoi)、日本大螯蜚(Grandidierella japonica)和强壮藻钩虾(Ampithoe val...  相似文献   

日粮中不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)稚鱼养殖效果与机理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴彬  彭淇  陈斌  孙晓锋  冯健 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(4):1050-1055

采用含有25%葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、蔗糖糖蜜、糊精、小麦淀粉等不同糖源的6组等氮、等能量半纯合实验日粮, 研究了不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼稚鱼养殖效果与机理。结果表明, 葡萄糖组、麦芽糖组鱼的特定生长率、饲料效益和蛋白效益显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组和麦芽糖组鱼鱼体总能明显低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组和麦芽糖组鱼肝脏脂肪、肝糖原和肌糖原含量明显低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄糖组鱼血糖浓度与总蛋白含量显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05); 葡萄组和麦芽糖组鱼肝组织中己糖激酶(HK)显著高于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05), 葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)显著低于其它各个糖源组鱼(P<0.05)。本实验结果认为, 日粮中不同糖源对吉富罗非鱼稚鱼养殖效果的差异主要与调控鱼体内糖代谢的关键酶己糖激酶(HK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)对不同糖源的糖分子结构不同活性有关, 与糖的分子大小无关。在罗非鱼稚鱼饲料中添加蔗糖糖蜜效果较好。  相似文献   

Modelling the decadal dynamics of reach-scale river channel evolution and floodplain turnover in CAESAR-Lisflood     

Christopher J. Feeney  Richard C. Chiverrell  Hugh G. Smith  Janet M. Hooke  James R. Cooper 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(5):1273-1291

Sedimentary deposits provide records of environmental change quantifying erosion fluxes conditioned by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. These fluxes are lagged by internal storage, particularly within floodplains, complicating reconstruction of environmental changes. The time sediment remains in storage underpins the interpretation of sedimentary records and accurate monitoring of pollutant fluxes. Turnover time is a measure of the timeframe to erode every floodplain surface. CAESAR-Lisflood is used to simulate fluvial evolution at reach scale, providing a basis for quantifying environmental changes on the timescales of sediment storage. We evaluate the accuracy of CAESAR-Lisflood simulations of channel changes and turnover times for alluvial floodplains using historical channel changes reconstructed for 10 reaches in northern England to quantify model accuracy in replicating mean annual erosion, deposition and channel lateral migration rates, alongside planform morphology. Here, a split-sample testing approach is adopted, whereby five of the reaches were calibrated and the resulting parameter values were applied to the other reaches to evaluate the transferability of parameter settings. The lowest overall integrated error identified the best-fit simulations and showed that modelled process rates were within ~25–50% of rates from historical reconstructions, generally. Calibrated parameters for some reaches are widely transferable, producing accurate geomorphic changes for some uncalibrated sites. However, large errors along some reaches indicate that reach-specific parameterization is recommended. Turnover times are underpinned by the assumption that areas of floodplain previously unvisited by the channel are reworked. This assumption has been challenged by studies that show floodplain (re)occupation rates vary spatially. However, this limitation is less important for the short-duration simulations presented here. The simulations reconstruct floodplain turnover times estimated by mapped rates mostly successfully, demonstrating the potential applicability of calibrated parameters over much longer timescales. Errors in the form of under-predicted erosion rates propagated, resulting in over-predicted turnover times by even greater magnitudes. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

长江口盐沼土壤有机质更新特征的滩面趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈庆强  谷河泉  周菊珍  孟翊  胡克林 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(1):101-113

Characteristics and tidal flat trends of soil organic matter （SOM） turnover were studied for the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary, based on analyses of stable carbon isotope composition （δ^13C）, grain sizes and contents of particulate organic carbon （POC）, total nitrogen （TN） and inorganic carbon （TIC） for three cores excavated from high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and bare flat. Results demonstrate that correlations between soil POC contents and δ^13C values of the salt marsh cores were similar to those between soil organic carbon （SOC） contents and δ^13C values of the upper soil layers of mountainous soil profiles with different altitudes. SOM of salt marsh was generally younger than 100 years, and originated mainly from topsoil erosions in catchments of the Yangtze River. Correlations of TN content with C/N ratio, POC content with TIC content and POC content with δ^13C values for the cores suggest that turnover degrees of SOM from the salt marsh are overall low, and trends of SOM turnover are clear from the bare flat to the high tidal flat. Bare flat samples show characteristics of original sediments, with minor SOM turnover. Turnover processes of SOM have occurred and are discernable in the high and middle tidal flats, and the mixing degrees of SOM compartments with different turnover rates increase with evolution of the muddy tidal flat. The exclusive strata structure of alternate muddy laminae and silty laminae originated from dynamic depositional processes on muddy tidal flat was a great obstacle to vertical migration of dissolved materials, and SOM turnover was then constrained. The muddy tidal flat processes exerted direct influences on sequestration and turnover of SOM in the salt marsh, and had great constraints on the spatial and temporal characteristics of SOM turnover of the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary.  相似文献   

华南奥陶、志留纪腕足动物群的更替兼论奥陶纪末冰川活动的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

戎嘉余  詹仁斌 《现代地质》1999,13(4):390-394

地史时期大规模的生物群更替与全球大环境的灾难性变化密切相关 ,尽管这种更替在性质、延续时间及等级上各个时期不尽相同。奥陶、志留纪腕足动物群的更替提供了一个重要的实例。全球广布的晚奥陶世较深水叶月贝动物群 ( Foliomena Fauna)和其后浅、凉水的赫南特贝动物群 ( H irnantia Fauna)的灭绝 ,均受控于当时的冈瓦纳大陆冰川活动及其影响效应。志留纪早期 ,以正形贝目和扭月贝目占主导地位的晚奥陶世动物群被一大批新类型 (如无洞贝目、五房贝亚目和石燕目 )所替代 ,组成典型的志留纪动物群。  相似文献   

Dynamics of fatty acids in newly biosynthesized phytoplankton cells and seston during a spring bloom off the west coast of Hokkaido Island, Japan     

K. H. Shin  T. Hama  N. Yoshie  S. Noriki  S. Tsunogai 《Marine Chemistry》2000,70(4):11

¹³C uptake experiments were carried out at a station off the west coast of Hokkaido Island, Japan, during the period between late winter and spring bloom in 1997. The composition of newly biosynthesized particulate fatty acids was determined using a ¹³C tracer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (¹³C GC/MS), and compared with that of particulate matter (seston). Two fatty acid compositional ratios revealed that diatoms biomass (16:1(n−7)/16:0, ∑C₁₆/∑C₁₈) were strikingly high in new cells compared with seston on 17 April, coinciding with the dominance of fucoxanthin. In this study, the Polyunsaturation Index (a measure of the percentage of C₁₆ fatty acids that are polyunsaturated) in new cells is generally close to that in seston, while there was a notable discrepancy between new cells and seston in surface (10 m) waters on 17 April. This large difference between new cells and seston is ascribed to: (1) an increase of newly synthesized storage lipids (mainly 16:0 and 16:1) induced by nitrogen limitation in the top 10 m of the water column; (2) an addition of earlier synthesized phytoplankton cells (high Polyunsaturation Index at logarithmic growth stage) and non-phytoplankton components (detritus and bacteria and zooplankton) into seston. The highest Polyunsaturation Index of C₁₆ fatty acids in seston (33%) occurred at 100 m water depth. This may be caused by “settling planktonic aggregates” or “diatom resting spores”. In the present study, it is reasonable to suggest that the Polyunsaturation Index of C₁₆ fatty acids can be a useful indicator for the ecophysiological state of marine diatom populations.  相似文献   

二溴海因和碳水化合物水平对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫的影响     

王兴强  马甡  曹梅  阎斌伦 《海洋科学》2010,34(4):25-31

研究了低盐度条件下,二溴海因和碳水化合物水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长和免疫的影响,共3个实验。实验1研究了二溴海因对凡纳滨对虾存活的影响,发现在0.2、5和20三个盐度水平,随着二溴海因浓度的升高,凡纳滨对虾存活率呈下降趋势;二溴海因对凡纳滨对虾的安全浓度随盐度的增加呈上升趋势。实验2和实验3研究了盐度、二溴海因浓度和饲料中碳水化合物水平对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫的影响,结果表明:在低盐度养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾长期生活于二溴海因环境中,可导致对虾处于应激状态,需要消耗体内较多的免疫因子,血清酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,生长速度下降,而在饲料中适量增加碳水化合物不仅可促进对虾生长又可起到饲料蛋白质节约作用。  相似文献   

Role of mysid seasonal migrations in the organic matter transfer in the Curonian Lagoon,south-eastern Baltic Sea     

Jūratė Lesutienė  Elena Gorokhova  Zita R. Gasiūnaitė  Artūras Razinkovas 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

We investigated population dynamics, growth and feeding of an omnivorous mysid, Paramysis lacustris, performing seasonal horizontal migrations in the Curonian Lagoon. In autumn, increased predation pressure and deteriorated feeding conditions, due to zooplankton and phytoplankton decline in the open water, forces mysids to migrate to the shoreline, where large amounts of decaying submersed vegetation occur at the end of plant growth season. Using stable isotope analysis and mixing models, we evaluated relative importance of decaying submersed macrophytes, lagoon phytoplankton and mesozooplankton in the diet of mysids during this period. In September–November, mysids actively grew and produced three cohorts. Specific growth rates of adults (10.9 ± 1.9 mm) and subadults (6 ± 0.5 mm) were 3 and 9% DW d⁻¹, respectively, resulting in population somatic production of 36 g DW m⁻². Both δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C of mysids varied in concert with those in suspended and bottom particulate organic matter (POM) and mesozooplankton. The mixing models estimated that 45% of mysid diets were composed of bottom POM originated from the decaying macrophyte Potamogeton perfoliatus, 45% by suspended POM largely consisting of phytoplankton, while mesozooplankton contributed less than 10% of the diet. This diet composition differs from that in summer, when mysids rely mostly on zooplankton and phytoplankton. Therefore, mysid horizontal migrations and their ability to efficiently utilize littoral detritus improve the efficiency of macrophyte detritus transfer up the food chain and inshore/offshore habitat coupling in the Curonian Lagoon.  相似文献