采用倒置显微镜法定量浮游植物的数据稳定性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

牛海玉  肖利娟  韩博平 《湖泊科学》2016,28(1):141-148

浮游植物种类组成细胞密度或生物量的现存量反映其在水生生态系统的结构与功能,准确地对水体中浮游植物进行定量是水质评价和生态功能分析的基础.针对目前国际上推荐使用的倒置显微镜法(即Utermhl计数法),通过采集处于不同营养状态和水体条件(水库和实验围隔)中的浮游植物,分析样品的显微计数量、水体营养状态对浮游植物密度和多样性等指标稳定性的影响,同时比较了多个水体中同一采样点的重复(或平行)样品之间浮游植物定量数据的差别,从而对倒置显微镜法进行较为系统的评估.结果表明,基于浮游植物的显微镜计数效率与定量数据稳定性的综合考虑,选择计数400个个体即可基本保证定量数据的稳定性;在依赖生物量或稀有种进行水质评价时,处于不同营养水平的水体均需要增加样品的平行数来提高定量数据的可靠性,贫营养型水体中单个采样的重复或平行样品更为必要;两种定量方法所得群落数据计算的辛普森指数无显著差异,说明两种方法所获得结果均能反映浮游植多样性;通过样品浓缩法和倒置显微镜法所获得的浮游植物生物量和细胞密度均具有显著差异,因样品浓缩法在样品处理过程中造成浮游植物损失,使通过样品浓缩法所得的浮游植物群落生物量及细胞密度偏小;相比浓缩法,倒置显微镜法沉淀浓缩的水样体积小,样品处理和计数耗时短,更适宜用于应急监测.  相似文献   

近20年来巢湖流域景观生态风险评估与时空演化机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄木易  何翔 《湖泊科学》2016,28(4):785-793

基于1995、2005、2013年3期Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像及DEM,应用GIS方法开展巢湖流域景观格局特征分析及生态风险网格化定量评估.研究表明:(1)近20年来,巢湖流域景观格局特征变化明显,表现为建设用地景观破碎度、分离度均呈先下降后上升趋势;农地、林地与水体景观破碎度、分离度均呈上升趋势.(2)生态风险时序分析表明,19952013年,巢湖流域低、较低和中等级生态风险区域面积在逐渐缩小,而较高和高等级生态风险区域范围在不断蔓延.近20年来,巢湖流域生态风险主要由低级向高级转化,面积达6025 km2,是由高级向低级转化面积的2.30倍.(3)生态风险时空演化机制分析表明,巢湖流域生态风险变化区域主要集中在北、西南和东南部,具有明显的阶段性和区域性.近20年来,巢湖流域经历了快速的城市化、工业化以及受到行政区划调整的政策影响,高强度土地利用模式及县域经济活力的释放叠加于本身脆弱的流域生态条件,对景观生态系统造成的强烈干扰促进流域生态风险整体有恶化趋势,需重点加强中级以上生态风险区域的生态保护与建设工作.因此,生态风险演化趋势体现了该流域自然特点和区域社会经济发展对景观生态系统干扰的压力响应.  相似文献   

红树林生态修复固碳效果的主要影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈顺洋  安文硕  陈彬  陈光程 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(1):34-42

红树林是具有重要碳汇功能的生态系统,其保护和修复成为海洋领域应对气候变化的重要手段.适宜的生境条件是红树林生态修复成功与否的关键因素,而红树植物物种和种植措施等也决定了修复后生态系统结构和功能的发展.本研究综述了红树林生态修复固碳功能的特点,分析了生境条件、物种和种植措施等因素对红树林生态系统固碳效果的影响,以期为红树...  相似文献   

第四纪风沙环境证据的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲁瑞洁  哈斯  岳兴玲  陈原 《地理科学进展》2004,23(3):82-90

第四纪风沙环境的研究对于人们了解重大气候环境变迁有着重要的意义。对于第四纪风沙环境的研究主要通过对环境变化的信息载体进行分析,提取其中有关风沙环境变化的证据,从而对古环境进行推测与重建。本文阐述了当前国内外学者在进行第四纪风沙环境研究时使用的证据（形态学证据、沉积学证据和生物学证据）,分析了利用这些证据时存在的问题,并对未来的研究趋势作了分析,指出各种证据的综合使用以及提高定年的准确度仍是未来的研究重点。  相似文献   

不同渗透压下美国红鱼外周血细胞超微结构的变化   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

范瑞青  姜明  汝少国  谢嘉琳  高澜 《海洋科学》2000,24(11):48-53

采用电子显微镜技术研究了不同渗透压条件下美国红鱼外周血细胞超微结构的变化。在海水中,红细胞为长椭圆形,核较小,无细胞器;淋巴细胞呈不规则圆形,核大,有伪足;单核细胞胞胞质中有少量的线粒体,核大且不规则;血栓细胞多呈泪滴状或纺锤状;粒细胞分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型粒细胞,Ⅰ型粒细胞中具有较多高电子密度的颗粒,Ⅱ型粒细胞中有密集的细管样结构。在淡水中,各类血细胞的核膜均有不同程度的水肿现象,红细胞核略有膨胀;淋巴  相似文献   

A Study of Near- and Super-Critical Fluids Using Diamond Anvil Cell and in-Situ FT-IR Spectroscopy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

HU Shumin  ZHANG Ronghu  ZHANG Xuetong 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):412-417

The phase relation and solution structure of water and NaCl aqueous solution have been observed and examined by using the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) at elevated temperatures and pressures and the in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The temperature of observations ranges from 25 to 850° C and the pressure up to 10 or 30 kb. At first, we observed the phase transition process from halite+liquid+vapour (H+L+V) to L+H, then to L (or supercritical fluid, SCF), and another path: H+L+V? L+V? L (or SCF) in heating process. By means of the visual microscope, the authors found that in the L+V immiscibility field L+V exhibits an ordered structure, i.e. a large visual cluster of solvent around ions. The liquid phase is manifested by vapour bubbles. When phase transitions are observed, the authors examined their infrared spectra by using the FT-IR microscopy simultaneously. In the case of the phase transition from liquid (L) to liquid + vapor (L+V) immisciblity field of NaCl solutions, a sudden change (strong frequency shift) of infrared spectra of the aqueous solution is observed near the critical temperature of water as the temperature is raised from 25 to 650° C. The frequency of the maximum intensity of OH symmetric and asymmetric vibration varies with respect to temperature. The sharp peak of the OH stretching vibration of the maximum intensity appears in an interval from 300 to 400° C. It is indicated that the hydrogen bonding network is weakened and broken at last near the critical point of water, which causes the aqueous solution to become more associated. Besides, a pressure indicator (a mineral or compound) was introduced to the HDAC.  相似文献   

Tunnel reinforcement via topology optimization     

Luzhong Yin  Wei Yang  Tianfu Guo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(2):201-213

Anchoring is a fundamental method for supporting tunnels. It reinforces the original rock mass and reduces the deformation along the tunnel surface. The topological complexity of its layouts renders a design methodology difficult. A numerical approach to reinforce the host ground becomes desirable. The present paper proposes a topology optimization method based on a two‐phase cell model and finite‐element discretization of the host ground. The element consists of the original rock and the reinforcing material. The design issue involves the distribution of the reinforcing materials. The relative ratios of the two phases in various elements will be optimized to reduce the compliance of the tunnel. The method enables the computer‐aided design for the support of underground structures. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated by the designs to support a deep tunnel under various in situ stresses. The results indicate that oriented reinforcement is needed along the direction of the largest absolute value of the principal stress. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The seasonal variation of undercurrent and temperature in the equatorial Pacific jointly derived from buoy measurement and assimilation analysis   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

SUN Jilin  CHU Peter  LIU Qinyu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2004,23(1):51-60

Based on the TOGA-TAO buoy chain observed data in the equatorial Pacific and the assimilation analysis results from SODA(simple ocean data assimilation analysis), the role of the meridional cells in the subsurface of the tropical Pacific was discussed. It was found that, the seasonal varying direction of EUC (the quatorial Undercurrent)in the Peacific is westwards beginning from the eastern equatorial Pacific in the boreal spring. The meridional cell south of the equator plays important role on this seasonal change of EUC.On the other hand, although the varying direction is westwards,the seasonal variation of temperature in the same region gets its minimum values in the boreal autumn beginning from the eastern equatorial Pacific.The meridional cell north of the equator is most responsible for the seasonal temperature variation in the eastern equatorial Pacific while the meridional cell south of the equator mainly controls the seasonal temperature change in the central Pacific. It is probably true that the asymmetry by the equator is an important factor influencing the seasonal cycle of EUC and temperature in the tropical Pacific.  相似文献   

荒坡地新建果园几种间种模式及资源利用--以广西环江肯福异地扶贫示范区为例     

曾馥平  王克林  李玲  苏以荣  蒙冠禧  韦政社  张志扬  谢宁生 《山地学报》1999,17(3)

从荒坡地新建果园10多种作物间种模式中筛选出5种优化模式,分析和评价了各种模式对农业资源的利用及果树生长的影响和经济效益.  相似文献   

VORTEX MOTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER     

桑建国  张治坤 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,(3)

Large vortices with scales ranging from hundreds meters to tens of kilometers are generallyfound in the atmospheric convective boundary layer(CBL).These vortices play important roles in the vertical transport of momentum,heat,water vaporand other tracers in the boundary layer.On the basis of the view of interaction between theconvection in CBL and the gravity waves in the upper stable layer the authors developed aconvection-wave theory on the formation of large vortices.According to the theory thewavenumber spectrum of the large vortices mainly depends on the atmospheric conditions in bothof the upper and lower layers,such as wind speed,wind direction shear,stratification as well astemperature jump.In the present paper satellite image and weather data in a case of cold air outbreak over warmocean are analyzed to study every stage of the convective processes,such as cloud street,convective cell as well as their transformation.According to the theory the wavenumbercompositions for cloud street and convective cell are calculated,respectively,on the basis of theatmospheric conditions at every stage.The distributions of vertical motions,convergent band anddisturbed interface are obtained and compared with the cloud patterns in the convective processes.Thus the study seems to offer a likely explanation for the origin of large vortices in CBL.  相似文献