地下水化学动力学法在大庆前进水源地求参中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

曹剑峰  沈媛媛  平建华  杜全友  刘梅侠 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(1):96-102

大庆前进水源地自20世纪80年代运行以来,随着开采活动的加剧,地下水系统状态已发生改变,水资源重新评价势在必行。依据已有水文地质和水质分析资料,运用地下水化学动力学理论和方法,通过水化学指标（组分活度α、矿物饱和指数β）的计算分析,结合有限的抽水试验资料,分区计算出渗透系数K、导水系数T、地下水实际流速U、渗透速度V和地下水年龄t等5项水文地质参数,定量的认识水文地质条件,认证了水源地泰康组承压含水层具有渗透性强、导水性强、地下水循环交替快、可更新能力强等特点。不仅为地下水资源评价提供了参数,也为水源地持续合理地开发管理提供了定量依据。  相似文献   

环境侵蚀下水泥土的力学效应试验研究   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

宁宝宽  陈四利  刘斌  刘一芳 《岩土力学》2005,26(4):600-603

土木工程中广泛使用的软土地基加固方法主要有水泥土搅拌法、旋喷法、注浆法等,其原理主要是形成具有一定强度和稳定性的水泥土加固体。在我国广大地区地下水受工农业、生活以及海水等环境因素的影响,常含有一些具有侵蚀性的离子,如 , , 等。通过模拟试验的方法,探讨了各种侵蚀性的离子在不同浓度和不同pH值条件下对水泥土的力学效应,并对环境侵蚀机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明,水化学作用对水泥土的力学性质具有明显的影响,对水泥土在复杂地质环境条件的设计和工程应用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

膨胀土化学改良试验研究分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

虞海珍  李小青  姚建伟 《岩土力学》2006,27(11):1941-1944

膨胀土的改良是膨胀土工程地基处理研究领域中的重要课题之一,已受到岩土科学工作者和工程师的普遍关注。结合某公路膨胀土边坡防护工程,采用ESR生态改性剂进行膨胀土化学改良试验研究,探讨了膨胀土的化学改良机理和效果。结果表明,膨胀土经化学改性为非膨胀土,且由原来的亲水性变成憎水性,能达到较好的水稳定性,尤其是地表浅部的改性土能达到长期浸泡无崩解的效果。改性后的土体具有砂土的特征,各项强度指标大幅度提高,地基承载力有着明显的提高,并随着ESR生态改性剂喷洒次数的增加,其承载力逐步增大,在短时间内达到稳定值,最佳喷洒次数为3～4次。  相似文献   

酸性环境下类砂岩材料物理性质的试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

霍润科  李宁  张浩博 《岩土力学》2006,27(9):1541-1544

采用酸性环境下的加速试验方法,研究了不同时段类砂岩材料-砂浆的物理性质,测试了试样的波速,监测了溶液中H+、Ca2+浓度变化,发现在不同腐蚀阶段砂浆表现出来的物理性质相差较大,其反应过程具有阶段性和Ca2+离子溶出具有滞后性的特点。同时,对不同尺寸试样受酸腐蚀的影响程度进行了对比分析,为酸雨地区岩石和混凝土性质的研究提供了可借鉴的思路。  相似文献   

Intermediate granulite produced by transformation of eclogite at a felsic granulite contact,in Blanský les,Bohemian Massif     

P. Štípská  R. Powell  M. Racek  O. Lexa 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(4):347-370

Layers or bodies of intermediate granulite on scales from a centimetre to a hundred metres occur commonly within the felsic granulite massifs of the Bohemian Massif. Their origin is enigmatic in that they commonly have complex microstructures that are difficult to interpret, and therefore even the sequence of crystallization of minerals is uncertain. At Kle?, in the Blanský les massif, there is a revealing outcrop in a low‐strain zone in which it is clear that intermediate granulite can form by the interaction of felsic granulite with eclogite. The eclogite, retains garnet from its eclogite heritage, the grains at least partially isolated from the matrix by a plagioclase corona. The original omphacite‐dominated matrix of the eclogite now consists of recrystallized diopsidic clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and plagioclase, with minor brown amphibole and quartz. The modification of the eclogite is dominated by the addition of just K₂O and H₂O, rather than all the elements that would be involved if the process was one of pervasive melt infiltrations. This suggests that the main process involved is diffusion, with the source being the felsic granulite, or local partial melt of the granulite. The diffusion occurred at ~950 °C and 12 kbar, with the main observed effects being (i) the un‐isolation and preferential destruction of the interior part of some of the garnet grains by large idiomorphic ternary feldspar; (ii) textural modification of the matrix primarily involving the recrystallization of clinopyroxene into large poikiloblasts containing inclusions of ternary plagioclase; and (iii) conversion of low‐K plagioclase in the matrix into ternary feldspar by incorporation of the diffused‐in K₂O. The phase equilibria in the intermediate granulite are consistent with the chemical potential relationships that would be superimposed on the original eclogite by the felsic granulite at 950 °C and 12 kbar.  相似文献   

From on high: Geochemistry of alpine springs,Niwot Ridge,Colorado Front Range,USA     

Jordan F. Fields  David P. Dethier 《水文研究》2019,33(12):1756-1774

Snowmelt‐fed springs and small (0.5 km²) upland catchments in alpine areas of the western United States contribute significantly to the quantity and inorganic chemistry of water delivered to downstream basins but have not been studied extensively. Mineral weathering, transit time, and hydrologic mixing control the solute chemistry of waters that drain the upland zone of Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, and adjacent areas in the granitic core of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Water in 37 springs sampled in this study flows in generally short steep paths (~0.3 km) through shallow regolith with mean transit times (MTT) of weeks to months, producing solutions dominated by Si, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and HCO₃^?, locally SO₄^2?. Rock type is a significant control on spring, surface, and shallow groundwater chemistry, and plagioclase (oligoclase) is the major source of dissolved Na⁺ and Si. Concentrations of Ca²⁺ exceed stoichiometric predictions of oligoclase weathering by ~3.5×; excess Ca²⁺ likely represents weathering of aeolian material, vein calcite, or trace minerals. Concentrations of base cations and Si increase slowly with estimated MTT of 0.2 years for Niwot Ridge spring waters, and several years for shallow groundwater sampled by wells. Chemical weathering of silicate minerals is slow with estimated rates of ~2.0 and 0.2 pmol·m^?2·s^?1 for oligoclase and microcline, respectively; the most mineralized spring waters are saturated only with respect to kaolinite and montmorillonite. More than 50% of the dissolved base cations + Si measured in Boulder Creek at Orodell (~25 km downstream) accumulate before water emerges from alpine springs on Niwot Ridge. Warming global temperatures are shifting more high‐elevation precipitation to rain, potentially changing run‐off patterns, transit time, and solute loads. Acquisition of solutes by alpine waters thus has implications far beyond small upland catchments.  相似文献   

Effects of medium and pore‐fluid compressibility on chemical‐dissolution front instability in fluid‐saturated porous media     

Chongbin Zhao  Bruce E. Hobbs  Alison Ord 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(8):1077-1100

Theoretical analysis and computational simulations have been carried out to investigate how medium and pore‐fluid compressibility affects the chemical‐dissolution front propagation, which is associated with a fully‐coupled nonlinear problem between porosity, pore‐fluid pressure, pore‐fluid density and reactive chemical‐species transport within a deformable and fluid‐saturated porous medium. When the fully‐coupled nonlinear system is in a subcritical state, some analytical solutions have been derived for a special case, in which the ratio of the equilibrium concentration to the solid molar density of the chemical species is approaching zero. To investigate the effect of either medium compressibility or pore‐fluid compressibility on the evolutions of chemical dissolution fronts in supercritical chemical dissolution systems, numerical algorithms and procedures have been also proposed. The related theoretical and numerical results have demonstrated that: (i) not only can pore‐fluid compressibility affect the propagating speeds of chemical dissolution fronts in both subcritical and supercritical systems, but also it can affect the growth and amplitudes of irregular chemical dissolution fronts in supercritical systems; (ii) medium compressibility may have a little influence on the propagating speeds of chemical dissolution fronts, but it can have significant effects on the growth and amplitudes of irregular chemical dissolution fronts in supercritical systems; and (iii) both medium and pore‐fluid compressibility may stabilize irregular chemical‐dissolution‐fronts in supercritical chemical dissolution systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and extractable Fe and Al in cold‐temperature soils of northwestern Siberia     

William C. Mahaney  Volli Kalm  Ronald G. V. Hancock  Fred Michel  Barbara Kapran 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(2):178-189

The concentrations of major, minor and trace elements in three Cryosols from northwestern Siberia were analysed to determine profiles of geochemical uniformity, element mobility and the release and build‐up of extractable Fe and Al. The scope of this study involves weathering processes over all or part of the Lateglacial to the Holocene Epoch (<10 ka) in a cold environment. Iron and Al extracts are investigated to elicit information regarding profile age and palaeoclimate. ‘Free’ iron (Fe_d) relative to total Fe increases in the Ah + Bw horizons compared with the lower horizons, where oxidation is weaker. Low total Fe reflects reworked felsic deltaic and shallow marine deposits from the Permian to the early Tertiary, thereafter emplaced by episodic flooding of glacial meltwater from the Arctic Urals and/or the Kara Sea Ice Sheet. Organically complexed Al (Al_p), uniformly low in all soils, nevertheless shows trends indicating some downward movement, a rather unique occurrence in Arctic tundra soils. As indicated by the slow increase of oxihydrites, it may not be realistic to estimate the age of a profile by its physical characteristics. However, it appears possible to determine broad age ranges from the isotopic composition of water in soils. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

What can be deduced from chemical measurement in an open-field raingauge? An example in the Maures Massif,southeastern France     

BENOÎT FOURCADE  ANNE COUDRAIN-RIBSTEIN  CLAUDE MARTIN 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):469-478

Abstract

The deposition of chemical elements in a catchment occurs through three different processes: wet, dry and cloud deposition. Total deposition cannot be inferred from measurements made with open-field raingauges, and still constitutes a challenge to scientific method. The chemical composition of samples from an open-field raingauge (bulk precipitation) was analysed over a period of several years in a small Mediterranean catchment in the Maures Massif, France. The input of chloride measured in this way was two times lower than the output, despite the fact that this element is reputed to be conservative, which means input and output should roughly balance. This implies that input has previously been underestimated. Analysis of the bulk precipitation data was carried out taking into account both the history of rain events and of sampling. This study allowed the relative parts of the different deposition processes to be quantified. Dry deposition can provide from 20% to more than 80% of the anthropogenic and terrigenic elements (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NO₃ ^?, SO₄ ^2-, SiO₂) to the rain samples. The occult deposition of marine elements on the catchment area (50% of total deposition) was found to be mostly due to cloud deposition during wet periods.  相似文献   

Ore genesis of the Tianbaoshan carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,Southwest China: geologic and isotopic (C–H–O–S–Pb) evidence     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1300-1310

The Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit, part of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) Pb–Zn metallogenic province, is located in the western Yangtze Block and contains 2.6 million tonnes of 10–15 wt.% Pb + Zn metals. Ore bodies occur as vein or tubular types and are hosted in Sinian (late Proterozoic) carbonate rocks and are structurally controlled by the SN-trending Anninghe tectonic belt and NW-trending concealed fractures. The deposits are simple in mineralogy, with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, freibergite, and pyrargyrite as ore minerals and dolomite, calcite, and quartz as gangue minerals. These phases occur as massive, brecciated, veinlet, and dissemination in dolostone of the upper Sinian Dengying Formation. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids range from –47.6 to –51.2‰ and –1.7 to +3.7‰, respectively. These data suggest that H₂O in hydrothermal fluids had a mixed origin of metamorphic and meteoric waters. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions range from –6.5 to –4.9‰ and +19.3 to +20.2‰, respectively. These compositions plot in the field between mantle and marine carbonate rocks with a negative correlation, suggesting that CO₂ in the ore-forming fluids had multiple sources, including the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, Sinian-to-Permian marine carbonate rocks, and organic matters in Cambrian-to-Permian sedimentary rocks. Sulphur isotope compositions range from –0.4 to +9.6‰, significantly lower than Cambrian-to-Permian seawater sulphate (+15 to +35‰) and sulphate (+15 to +28‰) from evaporates in Cambrian-to-Permian strata, implicating that the S was derived from host-strata evaporates by thermal–chemical sulphate reduction. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios range from 18.110 to 18.596, 15.514 to 15.878, and 38.032 to 39.221, respectively, which plot in field of the upper crust Pb evolution curve, unlike those of Proterozoic basement rocks, Sinian dolostone, Devonian-to-Permian carbonate rocks, and the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, implying complex derivation of Pb metal in the ore-forming fluids. Geological and isotopic studies of the Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit reveal that constituents in the hydrothermal fluids were derived from multiple sources and that fluid mixing was a possible metallogenic mechanism. The studied deposit is not distal magmatic–hydrothermal, sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), or Mississippi Valley (MVT) types, rather, it represents a unique ore deposit type, named in this article the SYG type.  相似文献