Analysis of the Chaotic Behaviour of Orbits Diffusing along the Arnold Web     

Claude Froeschlé  Elena Lega  Massimiliano Guzzo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,95(1-4):141-153

In a previous work [Guzzo et al. DCDS B 5, 687–698 (2005)] we have provided numerical evidence of global diffusion occurring in slightly perturbed integrable Hamiltonian systems and symplectic maps. We have shown that even if a system is sufficiently close to be integrable, global diffusion occurs on a set with peculiar topology, the so-called Arnold web, and is qualitatively different from Chirikov diffusion, occurring in more perturbed systems. In the present work we study in more detail the chaotic behaviour of a set of 90 orbits which diffuse on the Arnold web. We find that the largest Lyapunov exponent does not seem to converge for the individual orbits while the mean Lyapunov exponent on the set of 90 orbits does converge. In other words, a kind of average mixing characterizes the diffusion. Moreover, the Local Lyapunov Characteristic Numbers (LLCNs), on individual orbits appear to reflect the different zones of the Arnold web revealed by the Fast Lyapunov Indicator. Finally, using the LLCNs we study the ergodicity of the chaotic part of the Arnold web.  相似文献   

Spurious contribution to cosmic ray scattering calculations     

A. Shalchi  H. Yan  A. Lazarian 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,356(3):1064-1070

The quasi-linear theory for cosmic ray propagation is a well-known and widely accepted theory. In this paper, we discuss the different contributions to the pitch-angle Fokker–Planck coefficient from large and small scales for slab geometry using the damping model of dynamical turbulence. These examinations will give us a hint on the limitation range where the quasi-linear approximation is a good approximation.  相似文献   

Numerical Treatment of Radiative Transfer     

Matthias González  Edouard Audit 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):357-362

We present a numerical treatment of radiative transfer in three dimensions. The radiation is modeled by the grey moment M ₁ system. The introduced scheme is able to compute accurate numerical solutions over a broad class of regimes from the transport to the diffusive limit. We discuss numerical issues concerning the resolution and the parallelization of this scheme for multi-dimensional simulations. Several numerical results are then presented, which show that this approach is robust and have the correct behavior in both the diffusive and free-streaming limits. We also present a comparison in two dimensions of our code with a Monte-Carlo transfer code.  相似文献   

Simulating field-aligned diffusion of a cosmic ray gas     

Andrew P. Snodin  Axel Brandenburg  Antony J. Mee  Anvar Shukurov 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,373(2):643-652

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Analysis of the hydrological response of a tropical terminal lake,Lake Abiyata (Main Ethiopian Rift Valley) to changes in climate and human activities     

Dagnachew Legesse  Christine Vallet‐Coulomb  Franoise Gasse 《水文研究》2004,18(3):487-504

Integrated dynamic water and chloride balance models with a catchment‐scale hydrological model (PRMS) are used to investigate the response of a terminal tropical lake, Lake Abiyata, to climate variability and water use practices in its catchment. The hydrological model is used to investigate the response of the catchment to different climate and land‐use change scenarios that are incorporated into the lake model. Lake depth–area–volume relationships were established from lake bathymetries. Missing data in the time series were filled using statistical regression techniques. Based on mean monthly data, the lake water balance model produced a good agreement between the simulated and observed levels of Lake Abiyata for the period 1968–83. From 1984 onwards the simulated lake level is overestimated with respect to the observed one, while the chloride concentration is largely underestimated. This discrepancy is attributed to human use of water from the influent rivers or directly from the lake. The simulated lake level and chloride concentration are in better agreement with observed values (r² = 0·96) when human water use for irrigation and salt exploitation are included in the model. A comparison of the simulation with and without human consumption indicates that climate variability controls the interannual fluctuations and that the human water use affects the equilibrium of the system by strongly reducing the lake level. Sensitivity analysis based on a mean climatic year showed that, after prolonged mean climatic conditions, Lake Abiyata reacts more rapidly to an abrupt shift to wetter conditions than to dry conditions. This study shows the significant sensitivity of the level and salinity of the terminal Lake Abiyata to small changes in climate or land use, making it a very good ‘recorder’ of environmental changes that may occur in the catchment at different time scales. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The impact of element diffusion on the formation and evolution of helium white dwarf stars     

L.G. Althaus †  A.M. Serenelli ‡  O.G. Benvenuto § 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(3):617-622

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of element diffusion on the evolution of helium white dwarfs. To this end, we couple the multicomponent flow equations that describe gravitational settling, chemical and thermal diffusion to an evolutionary code. We compute the evolution of a set of helium white dwarf models with masses ranging from 0.169 to 0.406 M_⊙. In particular, several low-mass white dwarfs have been found in binary systems as companion to millisecond pulsars. In these systems, pulsar emission is activated by mass transfer episodes so that, if we place the zero-age point at the end of such mass transfer, then the pulsar and the white dwarf ages should be equal. Interestingly enough, available models of helium white dwarfs neglect element diffusion. Using such models, good agreement has been found between the ages of the components of the PSR J1012+5307 system. However, recent observations of the PSR B1855+09 system cast doubts on the correctness of such models, which predict a white dwarf age twice as long as the spin-down age of the pulsar. In this work, we find that element diffusion induces thermonuclear hydrogen shell flashes for models in the mass interval 0.18≲ M /M_⊙ ≲ 0.41 . We show, in particular, that the occurrence of these diffusion-induced flashes eventually leads to white dwarf models with hydrogen envelope masses too small to support any further nuclear burning, thus implying much shorter cooling ages than in the case when diffusion is neglected. In particular, excellent agreement is found between the ages of PSR B1855+09 system components, solving the age discrepancy from first principles.  相似文献   

Linear thermal instability and formation of clumpy gas clouds including ambipolar diffusion     

Mohsen Nejad-Asghar  Jamshid Ghanbari 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,345(4):1323-1328

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D001改性树脂脱氟剂的制备及脱氟研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

董岁明  李梦耀  董延芳 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(3):88-91

研究了D001改性树脂脱氟剂的制备以及离子交换方式、酸洗、铁交换量等对脱氟剂饱和吸附量的影响，同时探讨了共存离子对脱氟效果的影响和D001改性树脂脱氟剂可能的脱氟机理。实验结果表明，改性离子的交换方式、酸洗以及树脂载铁量对脱氟效果有一定的影响，采用酸洗和动态交换方式可显著增大脱氟剂的脱氟效果；共存离子对该脱氟剂的脱氟效果没有明显地影响，研究还揭示了该脱氟剂的脱氟机理和操作简单、易再生、能重复使用和不产生二次污染的特点。  相似文献   

全国土壤污染状况详查重金属元素可提取态提取试剂的选择     

熊英  王亚平  韩张雄  董亚妮  蒋俊平 《岩矿测试》2022,(3):384-393

土壤重金属元素可提取态是衡量其生物有效性的重要指标,但其含量随着土壤酸碱性等环境条件的变化而改变,在提取土壤重金属元素可提取态时,不可避免地面临着提取剂与提取方法的选择。中国有关土壤重金属元素可提取态的标准分析方法或技术规范涉及的提取剂多达7种(pH=5.8盐酸溶液、0.1mol/L盐酸溶液、0.43±0.02mol/L硝酸溶液、0.11mol/L乙酸溶液、1mol/L硝酸铵溶液、0.005mol/L DTPA浸提剂、0.01mol/L氯化钙溶液),不同学者对不同提取剂有不同的研究结论,对于通用提取剂的系统研究未见报道。本文选择代表性农耕土壤样品,采用以上7种提取剂提取其中8种重金属元素(镉镍铜锌铬铅砷汞),电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定镉铬铜铅锌镍含量,原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定砷和汞含量,对比了7种提取剂对各重金属元素的提取率,并研究了土壤酸碱性质对重金属元素提取率的影响。结果表明：(1)稀酸溶液对土壤重金属元素的提取率较高,且与土壤的酸碱性无关;(2) 1mol/L硝酸铵溶液虽然对镉的提取能力表征了镉在酸性土壤中的活性远大于碱性土壤的特点,但其对碱性土壤中铅的提取率...  相似文献   

考虑扩散路径的宾汉姆流体渗透注浆机制     

路乔  杨智超  杨志全  于荣霞  朱颖彦  杨溢  张碧华  王仁超  方迎潮  余东亮  刘浩  苏建坤 《岩土力学》2022,43(2):385-394

浆液在多孔介质中的扩散路径对渗透扩散范围和注浆效果具有非常重要的影响。采用理论分析,以分形特征与宾汉姆流体在多孔介质中的渗流运动方程为基础,揭示了考虑扩散路径的宾汉姆流体渗透注浆机制,并利用团队前期开展的渗透注浆试验对其进行了验证。分析了多孔介质孔隙率、宾汉姆水泥浆液水灰比、多孔介质渗透系数、注浆压力、地下水压力等对扩散半径的影响变化规律。同时,基于Comsol Multiphysics平台,采用计算机编程技术二次开发得到了考虑扩散路径的宾汉姆流体渗透注浆机制的渗透注浆三维数值模拟程序,并以此开展了宾汉姆水泥浆液在多孔介质中渗透扩散形态效果的数值模拟。研究结果表明：与不考虑扩散路径的宾汉姆流体渗透注浆球形扩散公式获得的扩散半径理论计算值相比,采用考虑扩散路径的宾汉姆流体渗透注浆机制得到的扩散半径理论计算值更接近试验值。该研究成果可为实践注浆工程提供一定的理论支撑。  相似文献