海湾围填海对滩涂湿地生态服务累积影响研究——以福建兴化湾为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

俞炜炜  陈彬  张珞平 《海洋通报》2008,27(1):88-94

以福建兴化湾为例,选用1959年海图、1986年和2000年遥感影像数据及围填海相关规划等为基本信息源,将研究区划分为农田、养殖池、盐田、草林地、裸地、岛屿及滩涂7种生态系统类型.采用GIS技术分析兴化湾不同时期由于围填海所造成的各生态系统类型面积变化,并借鉴Costanza等研究的生态服务功能单位价值系数,评估围填海对滩涂湿地生态服务造成的累积影响.在1959-2000年,兴化湾滩涂面积减少了21.35%,生态服务的年总价值由1959年的5.31×109元降至2000年的4.45×109元,损失达8.63×109元,损失幅度为16.35%;2000-2020年,围填海相关规划的实施将导致兴化湾滩涂面积急剧下降,生态服务的年总价值由2000年的4.45×109元降至 2020年的3.48×109元,损失达9.68×108元,损失幅度为21.77%,其损失量和损失幅度均高于1959-2000年40余年的损失.  相似文献   

同一个梦——环渤海城市圈的发展研究     

石坚 《地球信息科学学报》2008,10(4):462-469

依托首都铁路、航空枢纽的优势,天津又是全国最大人工海港,滨海新区,曹妃甸相继建成。秦皇岛、黄骅成为晋煤海运专运海港。营口、烟台、东营等港口各具特色,优势互补。大连、青岛分别辐射东北亚,大西北,与京、津互为崎角之势,形成向产业集群发展与区域大都市圈的优势组合。2005年跨越海峡的火车轮渡开始营运,海岸高速公路南北全线畅通,鸭绿江引水渡海方案,也在酝酿之中。渤海海上油气资源丰富,但污染严重,城市环境恶化,反差强烈,亟需加强区域协调,统筹兼顾,修复生态,共同实现繁荣富强、和谐宜居,创业环境之梦。  相似文献   

Multi‐depth monitoring of electrical conductivity and temperature of groundwater at a multilayered coastal aquifer: Jeju Island,Korea     

Kue‐Young Kim  Chul‐Min Chon  Ki‐Hwa Park  Yun‐Seok Park  Nam‐Chil Woo 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3724-3733

To supplement conventional geophysical log data, this study presents temporal variations in electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature with depth in a multilayered coastal aquifer, on the eastern part of Jeju Island, Korea. One‐month time‐series data obtained at eight points from a multi‐depth monitoring system showed that semidiurnal and semimonthly tidal variations induced dynamic fluctuations in EC and temperature. At some depths, EC ranged from 1483 to 26 822 µS cm^?1, while some points showed no significant variations. The results of EC log and time‐series data revealed that a sharp fresh‐saltwater interface occurred at low tide, but the diffusion zone broadened to 20 m at high tide. EC, temperature, and tide level data were used for the cross‐correlation analysis. The response time of EC and temperature to tide appears to range from less than 30 min to 11 h. Using end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA), the fraction of variations of chloride concentration in the multilayered aquifer was explained, and a conceptual model was developed which subdivided the coastal aquifer into four vertical zones. The percentage of water derived from seawater varied from 2 to 48 at specific depth, owing to tidal fluctuations. Continuous observations of EC and temperature at multiple depths are powerful tools for quantifying the transport of saline water by tidal variations in multilayered coastal aquifers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲北部湿地多环芳烃分布与来源   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

袁红明  赵广明  庞守吉  高国勇  叶思源 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(6)

对黄河三角洲北部湿地表层土壤中的多环芳烃（PAHs）进行定量分析，结果表明，袁层土壤中PAHs总量范围为27．43～128．97ng／g（干重），PAHs的空间分布总体呈西高东低的趋势。经过研究对比，认为表层土壤样品中的PAHs尚未对生物造成显著负面影响，并提出表层土壤PAHs污染主要来源于高温热解产物，仅有很小部分的石油类的污染。  相似文献   

Field measurements of influence of sand transport rate on structure of wind-sand flow over coastal transverse ridge   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuxiang Dong  S. L. Namikas  P. A. Hesp  Jun Ma 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(3):255-261

The structure of wind-sand flow under different total sand transport rates was measured with field vertical anemometer and sand trap on the crest of typical coastal transverse ridge in Changli Gold Coast of Hebei Province, which is one of the most typical coastal aeolian distribution regions in China and famous for the tall and typical coastal transverse ridges. The measurement results show that, on the conditions of approximate wind velocities and same surface materials and environments, some changes happen to the structure of wind-sand flow with the increase of total sand transport rate on the crest of coastal transverse ridge. First, the sand transport rates of layers at different heights in the wind-sand flow increase, with the maximum increase at the height layer of 4-8cm. Second, the ratios of sand transport rates of layers at different heights to total sand transport rate decrease at the low height layer （0-4cm）, but increase at the high height layer （4-60cm）. Third, the distribution of the sand transport rate in the wind-sand flow can be expressed by an exponential function at the height layer of 0-40cm, but it changes from power function model to exponential function model in the whole height layer （0-60cm） and changes into polynomial function model at the height layer of 40-60cm with the increase of total sand transport rate. Those changes have a close relationship with the limit of sand grain size of wind flow transporting and composition of sand grain size in the wind-sand flow.  相似文献   

全球气候变化对我国海岸和近海工程的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷瑞波  王文辉  董吉武  刘秀峰 《海岸工程》2008,27(1):67-72

全球气候变暖导致北半球中高纬度海冰冰情变化、海平面上升以及台风和风暴潮等自然灾害强度和频率加大等事件的发生。在全球气候变暖的大背景下，我国渤海和北黄海的冰情持续偏轻，2006年中国海域平均海平面上升速度高于全球水平。从我国海岸和近海工程安全与未来规划和建设的角度论述了全球气候变化及其伴生事件可能带来的各种影响，并提出了相应的应对措施。  相似文献   

Seasonal observations of surface waters in two Gulf of Maine estuary-plume systems: Relationships between watershed attributes,optical measurements and surface pCO₂     

Joseph E. Salisbury  Douglas Vandemark  Christopher W. Hunt  Janet W. Campbell  Wade R. McGillis  William H. McDowell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) in estuary-plume systems is related to the internal processes of net organic metabolism and physical mixing, but is also strongly influenced by biogeochemical inputs from the land and ocean. Surface layer pCO₂, stimulated fluorescence of chlorophyll (f-chl) and colored organic matter (f-com), and beam attenuation at 660 nm (c-660) were measured during three seasonal surveys of the Kennebec (ME) and Merrimack (MA) estuary-plume systems. These estuaries are both supplied by large New England Rivers and separated by less than 150 km, but significant differences were often observed in the distributions of surface pCO₂ and optical variables. High pCO₂ concentrations were generally associated with high f-com, while lower pCO₂ concentrations were associated with high f-chl and c-660. Using simple regression models, optical measurements were used to estimate chlorophyll and total organic carbon concentrations. Results suggest that labile riverine carbon is responsible for sustaining supersaturated pCO₂ conditions and that phytoplankton productivity, likely driven by inputs of riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen, is responsible for pCO₂ undersaturation. Although optical variables are often related to surface pCO₂, the results suggest that efforts to retrieve pCO₂ in complex waters using optical data may be enhanced using a site-specific, multivariate approach.  相似文献   

Groundwater recharge and discharge in a hyperarid alluvial plain (Akesu,Taklimakan Desert,China)     

Qiuhong Tang  Heping Hu  Taikan Oki 《水文研究》2007,21(10):1345-1353

Groundwater recharge and discharge in the Akesu alluvial plain were estimated using a water balance method. The Akesu alluvial plain (4842 km²) is an oasis located in the hyperarid Tarim River basin of central Asia. The land along the Akesu River has a long history of agricultural development and the irrigation area is highly dependent on water withdrawals from the river. We present a water balance methodology to describe (a) surface water and groundwater interaction and (b) groundwater interaction between irrigated and non‐irrigated areas. Groundwater is recharged from the irrigation system and discharged in the non‐irrigated area. Uncultivated vegetation and wetlands are supplied from groundwater in the hyperarid environment. Results show that about 90% of groundwater recharge came from canal loss and field infiltration. The groundwater flow from irrigated to non‐irrigated areas was about 70% of non‐irrigated area recharge and acted as subsurface drainage for the irrigation area. This desalinated the irrigation area and supplied water to the non‐irrigated area. Salt moved to the non‐irrigation area following subsurface drainage. We conclude that the flooding of the Akesu River is a supplemental groundwater replenishment mechanism: the river desalinates the alluvial plain by recharging fresh water in summer and draining saline regeneration water in winter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Marsh expansion at Calaveras Point Marsh, South San Francisco Bay, California   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Elizabeth Burke Watson   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):593-602

Studies of shoreline progradation along low-energy vegetated shorelines have been limited, as these environments are generally experiencing erosion rather than deposition, with extreme erosion rates frequently found. This study examined yearly changes along a vegetated shoreline at Calaveras Point Marsh, South San Francisco Bay, California, using aerial photography, to determine the roles of climatic, watershed, and coastal process in driving shoreline changes. In addition, sediment accumulation was monitored on a yearly basis at 48 locations across the marsh to determine the role of geomorphic factors in promoting accumulation. Calaveras Point Marsh was found to have expanded from 49.26 ± 5.2 to 165.7 ± 4.7 ha between 1975 and 2005. Although the rate of marsh expansion was not positively correlated with yearly variability in precipitation, local streamflow, delta outflow, water level observations, population growth, or ENSO indices, marsh growth was greater during years of higher than average temperatures. Warmer temperatures may have promoted the recruitment and growth of Spartina foliosa, a C₄ grass known to be highly responsive to temperature. Other factors, such as the formation of a coastal barrier, a recent change in the location of the mouth of the Guadalupe River, and channel readjustment in response to diking are credited with driving the bulk of the marsh expansion. Sediment accumulation was found to be high closest to channels and to the shoreline, at low elevations and in recently vegetated marsh. Globally, the pace of sea level rise exerts the primary control on wetland development and persistence. However, at local geographic scales, factors such as tectonic events, modifications to natural sediment transport pathways or land use changes may overwhelm the effects of regional sea level rise, and allow for wetlands to develop, expand and persist despite rapid sea level rise.  相似文献   

Probabilistic Assessment of Wave Overtopping of Nampo Dikein the West Coast of Korea     

郄禄文  崔秉昊  谢世楞 《中国海洋工程》2008,22(3):409-420

The Nampo dike, which is located at the west coast of Korea, was destroyed by wave overtopping during the storms on 30 August and 17 September in 1959. In this paper, is performed the probabilistic assessment of wave overtopping of Nampo dike by use of Owen model, Van der Meer ＆ Janssen model and Hedges ＆ Reis model for wave overtopping of seawall. Based on the available tidal and wave data for storm surges in 1989, the risk assessment of wave overtopping of the Nampo dike has been carried out by both Level Ⅱ and Level Ⅲ reliability methods. The calculated resuhs show the general agreement of failure probability between the two methods. By utilizing the rehabilitated cross section of Nampo dike, the failure probability of wave overtopping for the Nampo dike after rehabilitation will be rapidly reduced to that of initial design at crest level of 9.0 m with the improved slope from 1 ： 2 to 1 ： 4 at seaside. Since the sea level may only rise 1.0 m in the next few decades, the failure probability of Nampo dike will be still in the safe range.  相似文献