基于水动力ROMS与BOX耦合模型的长江口及邻近水域水通量及水体交换特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王晓红  俞志明  樊伟  宋秀贤  曹西华  袁涌铨 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):109-132

本研究将水动力模型ROMS(regional oceanic modeling system,区域海洋模式系统)与箱式(box)模型结合,详细阐述了长江口及邻近水域四个季节的水通量特征及水体交换特性。研究发现:总的水通量整体受季风控制,季风的作用在于使水体在南北方向上交替输送,而台湾暖流对春夏季底层水南向输运具有重要作用;直接进入123.5°E以东外海区域的水通量很小,而是先从南边界流出研究区域,然后通过海洋环流系统进入外海。在强烈季风下,水体更新依赖于季风方向的水平通量,主要是同层水体而不是表底层水体之间的交换。虽然水体更新时间较长的区域与缺氧区基本一致,但本研究认为该区域底层水体缺氧的本质原因是跃层阻隔了表底层水体之间的交换。  相似文献   

Artificial Marine Micro‐Reserves Networks (AMMRNs): an innovative approach to conserve marine littoral biodiversity and protect endangered species          下载免费PDF全文

José C. García‐Gómez  José M. Guerra‐García  Free Espinosa  Manuel J. Maestre  Georgina Rivera‐Ingraham  Darren Fa  Alexander R. González  Aurora Ruiz‐Tabares  Carlos M. López‐Fé 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):259-277

Coastal engineering works, especially the outer breakwaters of ports where environmental conditions are usually good, often constitute new habitats for marine littoral species. Their potential indirect contribution to the regeneration and conservation of protected species opens up a new perspective in protection of marine biodiversity. This is particularly true when these works harbour, as we show here, important reproductive populations of species that are threatened or even in danger of extinction. We provide integrated data on protected marine species in Southern Iberia established on different substrata (quarried dolomitic rocks, concrete cubic blocks, concrete tetrapods and vertical concrete walls) that are used in the construction of artificial levees that could potentially be Artificial Marine Micro‐Reserves (AMMRs). We also present the first evidence of the ‘reserve effect’ in potential AMMRs and we discuss the need for the creation of AMMRs including their effective networking (AMMRNs), supporting data for which has been observed by studying coastal facilities subjected to strict access restrictions (for security reasons, not conservation). These facilities have acted as valuable proxies and, in reality, potentially act as AMMRs, as well as having a role in helping to detect and control invasive species. We discuss the ecological engineering aspects related to the design and type of materials used in coastal constructions with a view to aiding the integration of these into existing coastal ecosystems as well as promoting greater settlement of species and therefore increases in biodiversity. Finally, the environmental implications of AMMRNs within the future implementation strategy of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 EC are also discussed.  相似文献   

我国海岸工程技术展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

左其华  窦希萍  段子冰 《海洋工程》2015,33(1):1-13

从海岸动力监测体系、河口海岸侵蚀及防护、海岸工程深水和离岸趋势、极端条件下海岸工程结构安全、岛礁工程开发技术、海岸管理与数字海岸、亲水工程、海洋能技术利用开发和海岸工程研究等九个方面对我国海岸工程中面临的问题,以及国外相关工程技术进展情况进行了分析,并指出我国未来海岸工程领域需要加以关注的重点问题和发展趋势。  相似文献   

荻在滨海区重盐碱胁迫下的生理响应     

孙萍  陈友媛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,45(2):115-120

滨海地区高盐碱导致生态环境脆弱,与其经济的高速发展极不相适应,故开展耐高盐碱的植物研究刻不容缓。本文采用pH值为8.0、9.0,NaCl盐度在0、5、10、15、20下的溶液对荻进行胁迫处理,通过各项生理响应指标的变化来研究其耐盐碱性。结果表明:随盐碱度增加,荻叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量呈增加趋势,增加幅度越大荻长势越差;荻体内渗透调节物质脯氨酸的增加趋势不明显,说明荻有耐盐碱性,而可溶性糖含量先降低后升高再降低,且在达峰值后下降明显,说明荻的耐盐碱能力有限;轻微盐碱刺激能促进荻光合色素含量和根系活力的升高,高盐碱抑制其升高。综合分析荻的各种生理表现,认为荻能耐受pH=8.0、盐度0~20和pH=9.0、盐度0~15的较宽盐碱范围,因此荻可作为修复滨海重盐碱地生态景观的备选植物。  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry of the natural low pH groundwater in the coastal aquifers near Beihai,China     

Zhou  Xun  Shen  Ye  Zhang  Hua  Song  Chao  Li  Jingwei  Liu  Yan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):475-483

Natural weak acidic groundwater occurs in the unconfined and confined aquifers consisting of Quaternary and Neogene unconsolidated sediments near Beihai in southern Guangxi, China. Under natural conditions the groundwater has low TDS(less than 200 mg L-1) and low concentrations of trace elements(less than 100 μg L-1) with a deceasing tend in contents of the Lanthanides(rare earth elements, less than 1 μg L-1) towards higher atomic number. The groundwater ranges in p H from 3.33 to 7.0 with an average value of 5.12(even lower than that of local rainwater, 5.88). p H values in the groundwater are a bit higher in rainy seasons than those in dry seasons and do not show significant increasing or decreasing trend with time. The average p H value in groundwater in the confined aquifers is even a bit lower than that in the unconfined aquifer. Comprehensive analyses of the groundwater environment suggest that H+ in the groundwater may be derived from dissociation of H2CO3, release of the absorbed H3O+ in clay layers and the acidity of rainwater. The H2CO3 in the groundwater may be formed by dissolution of CO2(g). Minerals in the unconsolidated sediment are predominated by quartz with small amount of clay minerals. The sediments undergoing a long-term weathering contain low levels of soluble constitutes. Lack of alkaline substances in the groundwater system is also helpful in the accumulation of acidity of the groundwater.  相似文献   

入侵种互花米草的光谱分层分析方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

艾金泉  陈文惠  罗丽娟  章文龙 《测绘科学》2015,(10):118-122

针对互花米草的爆发式增长对沿海滩涂生物多样性和生态稳定带来了巨大的生态威胁的问题,该文以闽江河口互花米草和其他3种湿地植物的室内叶片高光谱数据为例,探讨互花米草与其伴生植物是否具有光谱可分性。采用一种分层分析方法对实测高光谱数据降维并选择出识别互花米草的最佳波段。首先,利用ANOVA对光谱数据降维,选择出互花米草与其他湿地植物光谱具有显著性差异的波段;其次,使用CART算法对ANOVA降维后具有显著差异的高光谱数据进一步降维,找到识别互花米草潜在的最佳波段;最后,利用J-M距离评估CART选择波段的可分性。结果表明:互花米草与其他3种湿地植物具有光谱可分性,其J-M距离均高于1.9;基于CART算法的入侵种互花米草的识别精度平均达到96.7%,高于传统方法的识别精度。该文成果将为航空或航天高光谱遥感监测互花米草入侵区提供参考。  相似文献   

A revisitation of TRIX for trophic status assessment in the light of the European Water Framework Directive: application to Italian coastal waters     

Pettine M  Casentini B  Fazi S  Giovanardi F  Pagnotta R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(9):1413-1426

The trophic status classification of coastal waters at the European scale requires the availability of harmonised indicators and procedures. The composite trophic status index (TRIX) provides useful metrics for the assessment of the trophic status of coastal waters. It was originally developed for Italian coastal waters and then applied in many European seas (Adriatic, Tyrrhenian, Baltic, Black and Northern seas). The TRIX index does not fulfil the classification procedure suggested by the WFD for two reasons: (a) it is based on an absolute trophic scale without any normalization to type-specific reference conditions; (b) it makes an ex ante aggregation of biological (Chl-a) and physico-chemical (oxygen, nutrients) quality elements, instead of an ex post integration of separate evaluations of biological and subsequent chemical quality elements. A revisitation of the TRIX index in the light of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) and new TRIX derived tools are presented in this paper. A number of Italian coastal sites were grouped into different types based on a thorough analysis of their hydro-morphological conditions, and type-specific reference sites were selected. Unscaled TRIX values (UNTRIX) for reference and impacted sites have been calculated and two alternative UNTRIX-based classification procedures are discussed. The proposed procedures, to be validated on a broader scale, provide users with simple tools that give an integrated view of nutrient enrichment and its effects on algal biomass (Chl-a) and on oxygen levels. This trophic evaluation along with phytoplankton indicator species and algal blooms contribute to the comprehensive assessment of phytoplankton, one of the biological quality elements in coastal waters.  相似文献   

Short-term effects of changes in water management on the limnological characteristics and zooplankton of a eutrophic Mediterranean coastal lagoon (NE Iberian Peninsula)     

Badosa A  Boix D  Brucet S  López-Flores R  Quintana XD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1273-1284

The Ter Vell (NE Iberian Peninsula) is a eutrophic coastal lagoon which has been flooded by the excess irrigation water and the agricultural runoff during the last decades. Between 1999 and 2003, restoration measures were applied to improve its water quality. At the same time, but independently, agricultural water management drastically reduced the freshwater inflow. The short-term effects of these management actions on the limnological characteristics of the lagoon were analysed by comparing two hydrological cycles, one before (1999/2000) and the other one after (2002/2003) the actions. The two cycles are illustrative of opposite situations in the hydrological functioning of coastal wetlands. In the first, the lagoon was exorheic, with prolonged flooding periods and a low residence time; in the second, it had a more endorheic character, with scarce water inputs and prolonged periods of confinement. Consequently, nitrogen inputs diminished and organic load and salinity increased as the internal loading and the accumulation effects became more relevant. These effects were actually caused by the drastic reduction in the freshwater inflow which prevented, in turn, the success of the restoration measures. The zooplankton community of the Ter Vell lagoon was not significantly altered by the hydrological change, at least in the short-term, and rotifers and cladocerans, mainly those species indicative of eutrophy, dominated the community.  相似文献   

福建平潭近海赤潮预警模型研究*     

苏金洙  邹嘉澍  苏玉萍  张明峰  翁蓁洲  杨小强 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(4):172-180

本文分析了福建省平潭近海海域2013—2019年水文、水质及气象数据的主成分结果, 筛选出5个气象因子和4个水质因子作为输入指标, 以藻密度为输出指标, 分别演算了KNN (K-nearest neighbor)、RF (random forest)、GBRT (gradient-boosted regression Trees)以及Bagging (bootstrap aggregating)4种赤潮预警回归模型。对2013—2019年的802 组海洋监测数据归一化处理后, 随机选取80%的数据作为模型的训练样本, 剩余的20%作为模型验证数据。其中, 以风速、气温、海平面气压、叶绿素a浓度组合为输入指标时, KNN回归模型演算结果的精度较高(R²=0.624, RMSE=0.821μg·L^-1, MAE=0.836μg·L^-1)。在没有叶绿素a浓度监测指标的海域, 构建了以叶绿素a浓度为输出指标, 气温、日照、风速、AOI(apparent oxygen increase)组合为输入指标的BP神经网络赤潮模型, 该模型也具有较好的预警精度(R²=0.651, RMSE=0.062μg·L^-1, MAE=0.033μg·L^-1)。本研究结果可为平潭海域的赤潮预警研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Rule-based GIS-modelling for management purposes: A case study from the islands of Froan,Sør-Trøndelag,mid-western Norway     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):175-184

The coastal heath region along the western coast of Norway, dominated by Calluna vulgaris, is undergoing rapid change. Vegetation changes are caused by changes in management, including reduced frequency or abandonment of periodic heath burning and reduced cutting and grazing. The islands of Froan, in the outermost part of Sør-Trøndelag County in mid-western Norway, are dominated by coastal heath in a state of recession due to reduced traditional land use. The coastal heath is acknowledged as vulnerable and valuable by national environmental authorities, and local landscape management is supported by different national subsidies. The authors mapped the vegetation on Froan and used rule-based GIS-modelling to predict the relative potential for future vegetation changes. The model was based on a range of map layers, including management themes such as history of heath burning and peat removal, current practices of sheep grazing, and also themes derived from the vegetation map, such as soil nutrients, soil moisture and present management status. The resulting model output provides relative probabilities of future changes under different land-use scenarios, and highlights where management efforts should be focused in order to maintain the traditional landscape character.  相似文献