Macrofaunal spatial distribution and community structure in a lagoon without a river discharge (the Oualidia lagoon,NW Morocco)     

Abdellatif Chaouti  Asmae Azirar  Abdellatif Bayed 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(4)

The assemblage structure and spatial distribution patterns of macrobenthic communities according to environmental conditions were analysed through five samplings carried out at 14 intertidal soft sediment stations in the Oualidia lagoon (NW Morocco). A total of 89 macrobenthic taxa were collected, amounting to 55.188 specimens. Molluscs, polychaetes and arthropods were the most species‐rich groups. The snail Peringia ulvae was the most dominant species, especially abundant in the mid‐ and upper lagoon sections (nearly 64% of the total specimens gathered), followed by the mollusc Scrobicularia plana (10%). Diversity values were generally low (<3 bit) pointing out the high dominance by few species. Multivariate analyses clearly distinguished three distinct macrobenthic assemblages, successively distributed from lagoon inlets towards inner parts. Nevertheless, each assemblage was found in particular habitat types and had a specific species composition in response to different environmental characteristics. (a) The Scolelepis fuliginosa community occupied sandy substrates at the lower section of the lagoon with stronger marine influence and, (b) the P. ulvae community lived in sandy‐muddy substrates, including two sub‐communities dominated, respectively, by Cerastoderma edule, S. plana and Tritia pfeffeiri inhabiting the middle section and S. plana the upper section. The combination of salinity, temperature, pH and silt content was identified as the major environmental variable subset with the highest correlation with the observed macrofaunal patterns and silt fraction as the single best correlated variable. The results demonstrated significant spatial differences in macrobenthic assemblage structure and composition along environmental gradients in spite of the absence of direct freshwater river inflow.  相似文献   

象山港海岸带人工建设地貌强度指数及其空间格局演变特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄日鹏  李加林  杨磊  何改丽  冯佰香 《海洋学研究》2018,36(1):46-57

随着东部沿海港湾地区的经济迅速发展和人工建设地貌的不断形成,港湾地区地貌格局也产生相应的变化。定量研究海岸带人工建设地貌时空格局变化,对全面科学合理地评价人类建设行为,具有一定的科学和实践价值。本文以象山港1990年、2000年、2010年及2015年4个时期TM/OLI遥感影像作为主要数据源,分析了25 a内象山港海岸带人工建设地貌强度变化,并进一步探讨其空间格局演变特征。研究表明:(1)象山港海岸带人工建设地貌发育呈现出早期高速增长、中期缓慢增加、后续强劲推进的态势,其面积增幅具有显著的历史阶段性特征;(2)各个县(市)区点状和面状地貌斑块数量整体波动上升,但其内部发育水平差异较大,宁海县与象山县地貌发育的速率与程度都处于领先水平;(3)其格局演化过程分为4个重要阶段:点状分散期,面状集聚期,条带状延展期与复合、更新扩散期。  相似文献   

Double funnelling in a mature coastal British Columbia forest: spatial patterns of stemflow after infiltration          下载免费PDF全文

S. A. Spencer  H. J. van Meerveld 《水文研究》2016,30(22):4185-4201

Many studies have focused on the amount of stemflow in different forests and for different rainfall events, but few studies have focused on how stemflow intensity varies during events or the infiltration of stemflow into the soil. Stemflow may lead to higher water delivery rates at the base of the tree compared with throughfall over the same area and fast and deeper infiltration of this water along roots and other preferential flow pathways. In this study, stemflow amounts and intensities were measured and blue dye experiments were conducted in a mature coniferous forest in coastal British Columbia to examine double funnelling of stemflow. Stemflow accounted for only 1% of precipitation and increased linearly with event total precipitation. Funnelling ratios ranged from less than 1 to almost 20; smaller trees had larger funnelling ratios. Stemflow intensity generally was highest for periods with high‐intensity rainfall later in the event. The maximum stemflow intensities were higher than the maximum precipitation intensities. Dye tracer experiments showed that stemflow infiltrated primarily along roots and was found more frequently at depth than near the soil surface. Lateral flow of stemflow was observed above a dense clay layer for both the throughfall and stemflow experiments. Stemflow appeared to infiltrate deeper (122 cm) than throughfall (85 cm), but this difference was in part a result of site‐specific differences in maximum soil depth. However, the observed high stemflow intensities combined with preferential flow of stemflow may lead to enhanced subsurface stormflow. This suggests that even though stemflow is only a very minor component of the water balance, it may still significantly affect soil moisture, recharge, and runoff generation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Eddy covariance‐based evapotranspiration for a subtropical wetland          下载免费PDF全文

Chin‐Lung Wu  Sanjay Shukla 《水文研究》2014,28(24):5879-5896

The eddy covariance (EC) method was used in a 30‐month study to quantify evapotranspiration (ET) and vegetation coefficient (K_CW) for a wetland on a ranch in subtropical south Florida. To evaluate the errors in ET estimates, the EC‐based ET (ET_C‐EC) and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Penman–Monteith (PM) based ET (ET_C‐PM) estimates (with literature crop coefficient, K_C) were compared with each other. The ET_C‐EC and FAO‐PM reference ET were used to develop K_CW. Regression models were developed to estimate K_CW using climatic and hydrologic variables. Annual and daily ET_C‐EC values were 1152 and 3.27 mm, respectively. The FAO‐PM model underestimated ET by 25% with ET_C‐EC being statistically higher than ET_C‐PM. The K_CW varied from 0.79 (December) to 1.06 (November). The mean K_CW for the dry (November–April) season (0.95) was much higher than values reported for wetlands in literature; whereas for the wet (May–October) season, K_CW (0.97) was closer to literature values. Higher than expected K_CW values during the dry season were due to higher temperature, lower humidity and perennial wetland vegetation. Regression analyses showed that factors affecting the K_CW were different during the dry (soil moisture, temperature and relative humidity) and wet (net radiation, inundation and wind speed) seasons. Separate regression models for the dry and wet seasons were developed. Evapotranspiration and K_CW from this study, one of the first for the agricultural wetlands in subtropical environment, will help improve the ET estimates for similar wetlands. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

桂西南喀斯特-北部湾海岸带生态环境脆弱性时空分异与驱动机制研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张泽  胡宝清  丘海红  邓雁菲 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(3):456-466

为揭示生态环境脆弱性的时空分异和驱动因子,本研究在山江海视角下,以桂西南喀斯特-北部湾海岸带为典型研究区,运用空间主成分分析法,地理探测器模型,结合生态环境脆弱性综合指数,系统分析桂西南喀斯特-北部湾海岸带生态环境脆弱性的时空分异特征及驱动机制。结果表明：① 研究区2008、2013、2018年脆弱性指数分别为0.54、0.61、0.69,多年平均值为0.61,整体处于中度脆弱,在空间上,由城市中心向四周逐渐降低的趋势;在时间上,生态环境脆弱等级呈微恶化趋势; ② 在单因子作用中6个驱动因子对生态环境脆弱性的解释力强度为汛期降雨量（0.457）>植被覆盖度（0.384）>高温季节温度（0.311）>废水入海量（0.248）>NPP（0.184）>人口密度（0.036）。在多因子交互中,只有汛期降水量和NPP, NPP和高温季节温度、废水入海量和NPP呈非线性增强,其余的交互作用均为双线性增强,而且汛期降水量和植被覆盖度的单因子影响较强,交互作用后影响也是最强（0.679）,说明了汛期降水量和植被覆盖度为该区域的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

Remote sensing mapping of the regeneration of coastal natural habitats in Singapore: Implications for marine conservation in tropical cities     

Y. H. Jonathan Tan  Jacqueline K. Q. Tham  Aayush Paul  Umair Rana  Hui Ping Ang  Nhung T. H. Nguyen  Alex T. K. Yee  Bryan P. I. Leong  Simon Drummond  Karenne P. P. Tun 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(1):130-148

Rapid urbanization has resulted in the loss of coastal and marine habitats in cities worldwide. The effective conservation of urban coastal ecosystems requires detailed knowledge of their spatial distribution, necessitating high-resolution mapping. Our study produces a high-resolution coastal and marine habitat map and shoreline map for the tropical city-state of Singapore created through pixel-based supervised classification of satellite imagery, bathymetry data and expert ground knowledge. These maps can be used as a base reference for multiple applications including ecological research, conservation and urban planning. They also help identifiy trends in the extent of key coastal habitats, providing insight into their differing levels of vulnerability to loss and potential for restoration to ensure long-term resilience. The method used for mapping shoreline typologies and resulting insights gained, can guide other rapidly urbanizing coastal cities on strategies to assemble useful spatial knowledge for effective conservation of their urban coastal ecosystems.  相似文献   

中国沿海地区经济空间差异的动态演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵璐  赵作权 《世界地理研究》2014,(1):45-54

本研究应用标准差椭圆方法,基于沿海地区113个城市对2003年~2011年沿海地区经济空间差异展开动态研究。结果表明:①沿海地区经济空间差异主要存在于南-北方向,呈明显的减小趋势;②沿海地区经济空间差异波动与区域经济空间格局演化相吻合,沿海地区GDP空间分布明显扩张,人口空间分布略有收缩,二者空间分布重心间的距离减小;③同时期,我国经济空间差异主要存在于东-西方向,具有减小态势,沿海地区经济空间差异与其变化趋势大致相同。建议构建以华北平原、长江中下游平原为核心的经济发展区,有助于促进沿海经济空间由南向北发展;加大对安徽、湖北等靠近全国人口重心的经济投入力度,可以减小全国经济空间差异,促进我国经济的沿海-内陆双轮驱动发展。  相似文献   

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in intertidal flat surface sediments from coastal zone of Jiangsu Province,China     

韩秀梅  郑容  赵家乐  马超  高效江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(5):1157-1162

Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) from intertidal flat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentrations of OCPs ranging widely from 0.96 to 12.14 ng/g(dry wt). Total hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH) and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) levels varied from 0.01 to 0.67 ng/g and from 0.23 to 4.85 ng/g, respectively. DDTs were the predominant compounds. The dominance of β-HCH indicated a history of HCH pollution. According to the ratios of( p, p'-DDD+ p, p'-DDE)/ p, p '-DDT and o, p ′-DDT/ p, p ′-DDT, new input of DDTs did not occur in most sites, and the main sources were historical usage of technical DDTs. OCPs such as dieldrin, endrin, p, p ′-DDD, and p, p ′-DDT exceeded the effects range low, showing adverse biological effects that would occasionally occur at some sites of the study area.  相似文献   

数值模式与统计模型相耦合的近岸海浪预报方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

毛科峰  萧中乐  王亮  季卫海 《海洋学报》2014,36(9):18-29

针对数值模式和统计模型预报近岸海浪存在的局限性,构建了数值模式和统计模型相耦合的近岸海浪预报框架,在模式计算格点和近岸预报目标点之间定义一个海浪能量密度谱传递系数,通过经验正交函数分解和卡尔曼滤波方法建立传递系数的统计预报模型并与数值模式进行耦合。经过对近岸波浪观测站1a的预报试验表明:该方法能够提高近岸海浪有效波高预报精度,有效波高的均方根误差降低了约0.16m,平均相对误差降低约9%。进一步试验和分析发现,该方法的预报有效时间小于24h,将海浪能量密度谱经过分解后得到的基本模态反映了近岸波侯的主要特征,海浪能量密度谱传递系数的变化体现了波侯的季节变化特点。  相似文献   

近岸海域水沙界面通量与水流挟沙力研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑俊  李瑞杰  于永海 《海洋学报》2014,36(5):136-141

近岸海域的波浪、潮流及海流等动力因素具有周期性和时间、空间尺度差异大的特点,在综合考虑各动力因子的联合作用时具有较大的难度。本文根据平动动能叠加原理给出了一种近岸动力因子的表达形式,并提出了海洋波动有效速度的概念,结合水沙界面处泥沙通量的切应力与挟沙力关系,得到了水流挟沙力的新的计算公式。指出了水流挟沙力与水流临界速度有关,并且该水流临界速度随水深的增大及相对糙率的减小而增大。采用近岸实测数据和模拟结果,对本文的近岸水流挟沙力公式进行了验证,结果表明该公式的计算值与实测值吻合较好,可以适用于近岸海域。  相似文献