大连大魏家水源地海水入侵过程中水文地球化学作用分析及定量模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵长荣  杨吉龙  肖国强  杜东  潘桐  张素凤 《华北地质》2012,35(2):154-160

大连大魏家水源地位于中国北方典型滨海岩溶地区。近年来,地下淡水不合理开采造成的地下水位降落漏斗引发了严重的海水入侵。本文以大魏家水源地海水入侵为研究对象,通过大量的水文地质调查和水化学样品测试分析,探讨了海水入侵形成的水动力条件,通过绘制Piper图、以Cl^-为天然示踪剂计算了海水和地下淡水的混合比例、实际浓度和理论浓度的对比、水化学组成特征分析等方法,探讨了该区岩溶含水层在海水入侵过程中所发生的主要水文地球化学作用,并对其进行了定量模拟,进而阐明了岩溶含水层中的海水入侵机理。研究结果表明,研究区微成水和成水并不是地下水淡水和海水简单混合而成。利用反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了控制滨海岩溶含水层中水化学演化的主要水文地球化学反应有方解石、蒙脱石和石膏的溶解作用,伊利石的沉淀作用以及Ca—Na离子交换作用,伴随着CO2的释放,石膏的溶解并没引起白云石化作用。  相似文献   

Removal mechanisms of heavy metal pollution from urban runoff in wetlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhiming ZHANG  Baoshan CUI  Xiaoyun FAN 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2012,(4)

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近岸海域^226Ra的时空变化与海底地下水排泄（SGD）估算     

季仲强  胡丹  翁焕新  张锋  韩正栋 《地球化学》2012,(1):15-22

海底地下水排泄（submarine groundwater dischurge,SGD）是沿海地区陆地物质向海洋输送的重要途径,中国具有漫长的海岸线．准确地评估我国沿海地区的SGD及其对沿海海洋生态环境的潜在影响具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文以浙江舟山朱家尖海湾为研究区域,通过冬、夏两季地下水和海水的同步采样分析,在研究地下水和海水中镭（^226Ra）时空变化的基础上,利用^226Ra的质量平衡原理,估算了研究区内SGD的通量为240×10^5～230×10^6m^3／d,根据12月份枯水期推算的全年保守通量为864×10^7～828×10^8m^3／a,另外,根据年平均降水量等水文参数估算的氮、磷和硅营养盐年平均的入海通量分别为3.256t／a、0.029t／a和52.775t／a。  相似文献   

广西海岸带近百年来人类活动影响下环境演变的沉积记录     

夏鹏  孟宪伟  李珍  丰爱平  王湘芹 《沉积学报》2012,30(2):325-332

基于2007年在广西海岸带采集的6根短柱状样（64~97 cm）,在210Pb 年代框架构建的基础上对沉积物中的生源要素（C、N、P）、常量元素以及重金属（Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和As）等指标进行了综合分析,并依此重建了广西海岸带近百年来人类活动影响下沉积环境的演变历程。研究发现,近二十年来重金属和总磷的表层富集和埋藏通量有明显的上升趋势,但整体污染程度依然较轻;总氮的年埋藏通量虽保持相对稳定,但总体高于引起最低级别生态风险效应的下限;而有机质年埋藏通量的逐年减少应与潮间带红树林生态系统的衰退有关。据此可将近百年来广西海岸带的环境演变大致分为两个阶段:即20世纪80年代初以前、80年代初至现在,分别经历了未污染期和轻度污染期。  相似文献   

福建省近岸海域环境因子分布特征及富营养化评价     

刘丽华  贺琦  兰景权  田永强  张江龙  张亚爽  许文锋 《海洋科学》2021,45(12):97-107

本研究于2019年春、夏、秋季对福建省闽西南近岸海域海水营养盐和叶绿素a等环境因子进行调查采样,分析其时空分布特征,同时应用有机污染指数法和富营养化指数法2种评价方法对该海域海水富营养化水平进行评价对比,采用主成分分析法探讨环境因子对该海域富营养化状态的影响.结果显示,有机污染指数和富营养化指数的时空分布特征基本一致,季节上表现为春季>秋季>夏季;空间上呈各河入海口向远岸海域逐渐降低的趋势,内湾附近海域污染最严重;调查海域海水富营养化的主要影响因子是总氮和无机氮,且与盐度、pH和溶解氧呈显著的负相关,说明陆源径流对该海域海水的富营养化水平起着重要的调控作用.  相似文献   

海草光学遥感监测研究综述     

李一琼  白俊武  张丽  李通 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(6):1-13

海草生长在热带、亚热带和温带海洋水域, 是全球海洋生态系统中重要的结构和功能组成部分, 具有极高的生态服务价值。由于受到人类活动和自然灾害的强烈影响, 海草正在全球范围内快速衰退, 因此开展海草资源监测与保护具有非常重要的意义。随着传感器技术的发展, 光学遥感在海草监测中表现出卓越优势。本文综述了国内外海草遥感监测研究现状, 重点总结了研究内容、技术和方法, 论证了海草光学遥感监测的可行性, 旨在为我国海草光学遥感监测厘清适宜数据和可靠技术方法, 并指明潜在研究方向。同时也希望能为海草遥感监测提供借鉴, 并拓展海草资源科学管理的思路。  相似文献   

Provenance and sediment characteristics of contemporary gravel deposits at Sellicks Beach,eastern shore of Gulf St Vincent,South Australia     

J. H. Cann  C. S. Lower  J. B. Jago 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):819-836

Sellicks Beach, located on the eastern shore of Gulf St Vincent, South Australia, is subject to wave-dominated processes and northward longshore transport. During winter, when wave energy is typically vigorous, gravel deposits are exposed across most of the beach, and three step-like berms are well developed. Sand is restricted to a narrow strip that is exposed only at low tide. In contrast, during summer, when wave energy is generally moderate to low, much of the gravel is covered by a thin veneer of sand and only the high berm, on the landward edge of the beach, remains as an obvious feature. Steeply dipping Neoproterozoic to Cambrian strata that outcrop strongly across Sellicks Hill are the original source rocks for the beach gravel; distinctive sedimentary textures, structures and fossils in the cobble-size clasts can be confidently matched with those of the provenance rocks. Much of the sediment entered the modern beach environment as a consequence of coastal erosion of transitional alluvial fan sediments. The oldest alluvial fan sediments are of late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene age. Mount Terrible Gully provides a conduit for the input of fluvial sediment at the mouth of Cactus Canyon, where clasts as large as boulders accumulate across the beach. Sellicks Beach gravels are subject to longshore transport northwards. Relatively softer clasts, such as those derived from the Heatherdale Shale, are rare beyond Cactus Canyon. In contrast, quartzite clasts are more abundant towards the north. This lithological differentiation is attributed to preferential survivorship of clasts that are physically harder and chemically less reactive. The change in the shapes of clasts northwards, from predominately shingle-like ‘very platy’ and ‘very bladed’ at Cactus Canyon, to more ‘compact’ towards the boat ramp, is in accord with the more massive fabric of the surviving quartzite clasts. At Sellicks Beach, preservation of uplifted, coarse gravels, with entire and comminuted marine molluscan shells, of last interglacial age, provides evidence of neotectonism. At the landward margin of the beach, imbricated gravels in which pore spaces have been infilled with mud, and which show no evidence of modern coastal erosion, may provide evidence of continuing uplift during the recent Holocene. The geological setting, geomorphic framework and modern sedimentary regime at Sellicks Beach combine to provide an exceptionally useful outdoor laboratory for education in field geology.  相似文献   

Brisbane Airport: an alluvial landscape veiled by marine sediments     

W. T. Ward  J. L. F. Hacker 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):1001-1012

At Brisbane Airport, the construction of a diversion channel for Kedron Brook exposed a former beach, low cliff and sand spit, which, with their associated sediments and acid sulfate soils, demonstrate a postglacial high sea-level 1.3 – 1.4 m above present mean sea-level. The beach appears to date from 4000 to 5000 y BP. It varies in level where it lies above soft ground; these variations, and sag depressions that follow buried streamlines, indicate sediment consolidation since withdrawal of the sea from the former shore. Most of the area consists of former estuarine deposits, mangrove and saline marshes, and stranded tidal flats on which acid sulfate soils are widely developed. The modern landforms mostly reproduce subsurface features, to the extent that the surface relief replicates the landscape transgressed by the sea 7000 years ago. A small rise of sea-level possibly to +0.65 m occurred about 2000 – 3000 years ago. Foredunes near the present shore that are related to a slightly lower level 1000 – 500 years ago (?0.25 m) are currently subject to wave erosion.  相似文献   

福建近岸悬浮泥沙浓度遥感监测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

肖康  许惠平  叶娜 《测绘科学》2014,39(11)

本文研究利用遥感技术监测大面积海域的悬浮泥沙浓度(SSC)、综合探究福建近岸SSC的时空变化规律:采用前人通过实测资料建立的福建近岸海域的SSC反演模型,选取不同时相的MODIS数据集,利用IDL&ENVI对福建近岸海域的SSC进行遥感反演,并从SSC的基本分布模式、随潮汐变化、随季节变化和随风场变化等4个方面进行时空变化分析.结果表明,福建近岸海域SSC由近岸向外岸逐渐降低;大潮时的SSC高于小潮时的SSC;福建省三大流域入海处的SSC在秋季最高;此外,SSC的分布受风速和风向的影响很大.  相似文献   

Using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium to improve conceptual model of groundwater flow in the South Coast Aquifers of Laizhou Bay,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. M. Han  X. F. Song  Matthew J. Currell  Maki Tsujimura 《水文研究》2012,26(23):3614-3629

The southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, which is the area most seriously affected by salt water intrusion in north China, is a large alluvial depression, which represents one of the most important hydrogeological units in the coastal region of northern China. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, including CFC‐11, CFC‐12 and CFC‐113) and tritium were used together for dating groundwater up to 50 years old in the study area. There are two cones of depression, caused by intensive over‐exploitation of fresh groundwater in the south and brine water in the north. The assigned CFC apparent ages for shallow groundwater range from 8 a to >50 a. A binary mixing model based on CFC‐113 and CFC‐12 concentrations in groundwater was used to estimate fractions of young and pre‐modern water in shallow aquifers and to identify groundwater mixing processes during saltwater intrusion. Discordance between concentrations of different CFC compounds indicate that shallow groundwater around the Changyi cone of depression is vulnerable to contamination. Pumping activities, CFC contamination, mixing and/or a large unsaturated zone thickness (e.g. >20 m) may be reasons for some groundwater containing CFCs without tritium. Saline intrusion mainly occurs because of large head gradients between fresh groundwater in the south and saline water bodies in the north, forming a wedge of saline water below/within fresh aquifer layers. Both CFC and tritium dates indicate that the majority of the saline water is from >50 a, with little or no modern seawater component. Based on the distribution of CFC apparent ages, tritium contents plus chemical and physical data, a conceptual model of groundwater flow along the investigated Changyi‐Xiaying transect has been developed to describe the hydrogeological processes. Three regimes are identified from south to north: (i) fresh groundwater zone, with a mixing fraction of 0.80–0.65 ‘young’ water calculated with the CFC binary mixing model (groundwater ages <34 a) and 1.9–7.8TU of tritium; (ii) mixing zone characterized by a mixing fraction of 0.05–0.65 young groundwater (ages of 23–44 a), accompanied by local vertical recharge and upward leakage of older groundwater; and (iii) salt water zone, mostly comprising waters with ages beyond the dating range of both CFCs and tritium. Some shallow groundwater in the north of the Changyi groundwater depression belongs to the >50a water group (iii), indicating slow velocity of groundwater circulation and possible drawing in of saline or deep groundwater that is tracer‐free. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献