固沙植被区生物土壤结皮中蓝藻群落的多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲍婧婷  王进  陈翠云 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1592-1598

采用非培养法对腾格里沙漠沙坡头固沙植被区的蓝藻多样性进行了研究,通过蓝藻通用引物PCR扩增其16S rDNA序列并构建16S rDNA文库,对阳性克隆进行测序、比对分析和构建系统发育树,同时通过Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、Chao和ACE丰富度指数及Simpson优势度指数对蓝藻多样性进行比较分析。结果表明:腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区蓝藻可分为5大类:颤藻目(Oscillatoriales,64.55%),色球藻目(Chroococcales,1.82%),念珠藻目(Nostocales,16.36%),宽球藻目(Pleurocapsales,6.82%)和未分类蓝藻(10.45%)。人工固沙植被区经过57年的恢复,蓝藻群落Chao和ACE丰富度指数均明显小于天然植被区(恢复逾100年),而且其群落结构与天然植被区仍然存在着统计学显著差异的区别,说明荒漠区生态系统微生物多样性的恢复是一个长期的过程。  相似文献   

Distribution of secondary minerals in crusts developed on sandstone exposures          下载免费PDF全文

Zofia Alexandrowicz  Mariola Marszałek  Grzegorz Rzepa 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(3):320-335

Previous research on rock weathering crusts has revealed their large variability depending on the type of host rocks and development of weathering processes. The composition of crusts developed on natural sandstone exposures is less documented in the literature in comparison to those developed on architectonic stones. In both cases, previous research has focused mainly on the progress of salt weathering. This study considers the surfaces of sandstone tors in the Polish Outer Carpathians. The exposed parts of the rocks in this area are often covered by crust, which is up to several centimetres thick, and differs from the internal part in colour and composition. The crusts were characterized using light and electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, thermal analyses, Mössbauer spectroscopy, bulk chemical analyses and sequential chemical extractions. Porosity was estimated by digital image processing. The following two hardened zones were observed: (1) thin (up to 30 µm), black, external layer, rich in carbon and composed of opal‐type silica, covered in places by sulphate incrustations and numerous spherical particles of anthropogenic origin; (2) thicker (up to several millimetres), internal part composed of a set of laminae of variable colouration, enriched in iron (oxyhydr)oxides (goethite and hematite) in comparison to the rock interior. Development of the crust results from silicon and iron redistribution during the sandstone alteration. The chief source of silica is hydrolysis of aluminosilicates, whilst that of iron is decomposition of aluminosilicates, carbonates and sulphides. Hematite is probably a result of goethite transformation. However, air pollutants may play an important role in the formation of sulphates. Silica and iron compounds affect the properties of the rock, hardening the surface and lowering porosity by formation of secondary cement. Crystallization of sulphate salts, in turn, may contribute to mechanical disintegration of the rock. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

降雪对生物土壤结皮光合及呼吸作用的影响     

李刚  刘立超  高艳红  赵杰才  杨昊天 《中国沙漠》2014,34(4):998-1006

通过对降雪处理下2种生物土壤结皮（藓类结皮和藻类结皮）光合及呼吸作用的测定,研究了降雪后生物土壤结皮净光合速率和呼吸速率的变化特征。结果表明：冬季生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率受空气温度,辐射及土壤水分的影响,水分是关键影响因子;生物土壤结皮的光合及呼吸作用主要有3个阶段性的变化;降雪后生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率都会先增加后降低;生物土壤结皮的净光合速率和呼吸速率变化会受到积雪覆盖、降雪改变温度及水分的影响;生物土壤结皮净光合速率、呼吸速率与降雪量正相关。本研究证实了冬季生物土壤结皮的光合与呼吸作用不可忽略,对全球碳循环过程有重要意义。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地持续放牧和不同强度放牧后封育草场中生物结皮生物量和土壤因子的变化   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

徐杰  宁远英 《中国沙漠》2010,30(4):824-830

通过对科尔沁沙地放牧后封育样地和放牧样地生物结皮生物量的研究,探讨了不同样地生物结皮生物量的变化规律及其与环境因子的相互关系。结果表明,封育样地藓类和藻类植物的生物量显著高于放牧样地;在封育样地内,轻度、中度放牧封育区显著高于重度放牧封育区（P＜0.05）。封育样地生物结皮的土壤微生物量碳、氮含量高于放牧样地,并且各样区藓结皮土壤微生物量碳、氮含量显著高于藻结皮（P＜0.05）。在封育样地内表现为轻度、中度放牧封育区土壤微生物量碳、氮含量较高,重度放牧封育区含量较低,体现出不同强度放牧封育停牧后对土壤微生物量碳、氮影响的滞后效应。藻类植物的生物量与结皮厚度、有机质含量和粉黏粒呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与细沙呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,与粗沙呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。藓类植物的生物量与结皮厚度、有机质含量、粉黏粒呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,与粗沙呈负相关,但不显著。藻类植物的生物量与土壤因子之间的相关性更为密切。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘苔藓结皮中可培养真菌的多样性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

韩彩霞  张丙昌  张元明  邰凤姣  张弛  邵华 《中国沙漠》2016,36(4):1050-1055

为了解古尔班通古特沙漠南缘苔藓结皮中可培养真菌的多样性,运用稀释平板法和基于ITS-rDNA基因序列的系统发育分析,将得到的基因序列与NCBI数据库GenBank中的序列进行相似性比较并构建系统发育树。结果显示,从古尔班通古特沙漠南缘苔藓结皮中共分离得到24株菌落形态各异的真菌,分属于11属21种,绝大多数属于子囊菌亚门和半知菌亚门。其中,青霉属（Penicillium）和链格孢属（Alternaria）为优势菌群,茎点霉属（Phoma）、曲霉菌属（Aspergillus）、镰刀孢菌属（Fusarium）为常见属;有些种类的真菌具有耐热及特殊产酶活性。  相似文献   

Superficial alteration and soluble salts in the calcarenite weathering. case study of almohade monuments in Rabat: Morocco     

N. Zaouia  M. Elwartiti  B. Baghdad 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(6):742-747

This work analyzes the stone superficial deterioration of some monuments in Rabat city. The rock is a calcarenite with porous texture, rich in calcium carbonates and fossils. The techniques used to study the surfaces altered by blackening or black crusts, are the SEM equipped with EDX microprobe, the X-ray diffraction, and the analysis of the soluble salts by ionic chromatography for anions and flame spectrometer for cations. They reveal significant contents of calcium sulphates, mainly gypsum, often associated with sodium chlorides. These salts known to have a destructive effect on the calcareous stones seem to be originated from the contamination by atmospheric pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide, and by the marine sprays.  相似文献   

控制北太平洋深水中 Pb、Nd 同位素演化的不同因素     

凌洪飞  蒋少涌  M.Frank  周怀阳  周枫  陆尊礼  陈小明 《地球学报》2005,26(Z1):198-198

近年研究表明，大洋中溶解的 Pb和 Nd 以陆源来源占主导。但对 Pb和Nd 进入大洋的途径存在很大争议。笔者研究了3块中北太平洋铁锰结壳（CJ01，CLD01，CB12）的元素含量和 Pb、Nd 同位素组成。根据 Co 含量经验公式法定年，结合几块结壳的剖面 Pb 同位素演化曲线与 Os 同位素演化曲线，确定所研究的中北太平洋铁锰结壳的底部年龄约为 75Ma。3块结壳不论磷酸盐化与否，其 Pi、Nd 同位素随时间的演变曲线均十分相似，且 Pb 同位素演化趋势与北太平洋岩心（LL44－GPC3）中的风沙的 Pb 同位素演化趋势相似。这些结壳的 Nd 同位素演化趋势也相似，但与岩心 LL44－GPC3 中风沙的 Nd 同位素的演化曲线完全不同。由此得到以下结论:(1)通过研究2块结壳，首次提出太平洋铁锰结壳的年龄超过70Ma，得到了白垩纪末及整个新生代中北太平洋深水 Pb、Nd 同位素的演化。并且揭示磷酸盐化不会明显改变结壳中的 Pb、Nd 同位素组成。（2）风沙是中太平洋深水溶解 Pb 的主要来源。太平洋中的 Pb 由来自大陆风沙富放射成因 Pb 和来自火山弧非放射性成因 Pb 之混合，二者的量随时间变化。60Ma 之前，北美大陆粉尘是太平洋 Pb 的主要来源，而从40 Ma 开始，亚洲大陆粉尘对 Pb 总量的贡献日益重要。在约55 Ma 期间是大陆粉尘对海水 Pb 贡献最小的时期，与温暖气候相吻合。（3）风成粉尘对中北太平洋深水中的 Nd 的贡献可以忽略。新生代太平洋边缘火山岩风化侵蚀作用加强，是中北太平洋ENd值升高的主要原因。  相似文献   

中太平洋海山富钴结壳生长习性及控制因素   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

初凤友  孙国胜  李晓敏  马维林  赵宏樵 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,35(3):320-325

通过对"大洋一号"调查船DY95-10、DY105-11、DY105-12等航次结壳样品和海底摄像照相资料等综合观测分析,从不同角度对中太平洋海山富钴结壳的生长习性及控制因素进行了初步探讨.结果表明,富钴结壳可以在海山区的各种岩石上生长发育,对岩性没有明显的选择性,载壳岩石类型统计结果与岩石类型区域上的分布不均衡有关,而与岩性本身并没有必然的联系.结壳生长的厚度除受载壳岩石形成年代、物化环境影响外,与其所经受构造活动的强度和频率也有密切联系.水深可能对结壳的生长发育具有一定的控制作用,但由于海山在结壳生长后存在移动和升降运动,因此现在海山上的结壳并不存在截然的水深界限.地形对富钴结壳覆盖率、产状、形态具有明显的控制作用,海山坡度太缓、太陡均不利于结壳的生长发育;在海山坡度较大处生长的结壳多呈平板状,而在坡度较小处生长的结壳多呈波纹状或枕状;海山的斜坡上生长的多为板状结壳,而在平坦低洼处则有利于砾状结壳、钴结核的生长发育.  相似文献   

铁锰结壳中底层洋流活动的地球化学研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

韩杰  武光海  叶瑛  邬黛黛 《矿床地质》2006,25(5):620-628

文章以大洋海山铁锰结壳与南极底层流(AABW)之间关系的角度,从铁锰结壳的结构构造、矿物组合,特别是结壳新壳层的Ce异常和Ce/La比值的区域分布来探讨AABW的活动在铁锰结壳中留下的证据。主要对中太平洋和西北太平洋5座海山的17个铁锰结壳新壳层样品进行了结构构造分析和REE含量测定。结果表明,铁锰结壳的REE含量很高,平均为1716.66×10-6,且轻稀土元素明显富集,LREE/HREE平均值为4.82,除MID06样品具微弱的Ce负异常外,其他铁锰结壳样品均具明显的Ce正异常。为了对比研究AABW的影响,除铁锰结壳外,还引用了不同区域的多金属结核的稀土元素平均值资料按不同区域进行了对比研究,结果发现,AABW活动区和非活动区的δCe值和Ce/La比值有显著差异。一般来说,沿AABW流路,从南向北,δCe值和Ce/La比值有逐渐减小的趋势,但在局部地区,如地形复杂的海山区,AABW的强度会发生变化,其Ce正异常和Ce/La比值可能会局部增大。本项研究成果将有助于全面认识大洋成矿作用与海洋环境变迁的内在联系。  相似文献   

Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin,California (Mojave Desert), USA,before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management     

J. Belnap  S. L. Phillips  J. E. Herrick  J. R. Johansen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(1):75-84

Recently disturbed and ‘control’ (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV; i.e. the wind speed required to move soil particles), and sediment yield than sites that had been more recently disturbed by military manoeuvres. After trampling, all sites showed a large drop in TFVs and a concomitant increase in sediment yield. Simple correlation analyses showed that the decline in TFVs and the rise in sediment yield were significantly related to cyanobacterial biomass (as indicated by soil chlorophyll a). However, chlorophyll a amounts were very low compared to chlorophyll a amounts found at cooler desert sites, where chlorophyll a is often the most important factor in determining TFV and sediment yield. Multiple regression analyses showed that other factors at Fort Irwin were more important than cyanobacterial biomass in determining the overall site susceptibility to wind erosion. These factors included soil texture (especially the fine, medium and coarse sand fractions), rock cover, and the inherent stability of the soil (as indicated by subsurface soil stability tests). Thus, our results indicate that there is a threshold of biomass below which cyanobacterial crusts are not the dominant factor in soil vulnerability to wind erosion. Most undisturbed soil surfaces in the Mojave Desert region produce very little sediment, but even moderate disturbance increases soil loss from these sites. Because current weathering rates and dust inputs are very low, soil formation rates are low as well. Therefore, soil loss in this region is likely to have long‐term effects. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献