高氯酸盐自然衰减的柱实验研究     

梁凯旋  刘菲  张莉 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):207-216

高氯酸盐( {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-})是一种小分子量、有毒的无机络阴离子,普遍存在于环境中。由于其分子大小与碘离子相似,会干扰人体甲状腺的正常功能,因此其环境污染问题引起了广泛的关注。本文选取污染场地的天然河沙为试验材料,主要通过柱实验对地下水中 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}自然衰减过程进行研究,考察了铁氧化物、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}对 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}自然衰减过程产生的影响。结果表明,高氯酸盐自然衰减过程主要由微生物驱动,天然河沙可去除2 mg/L的 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-},但其过程缓慢且还原量有限,长期去除率不超过10%,其限制因素为缺乏电子供体;铁氧化物可以促进 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}自然衰减,但当溶解性铁的浓度低于5.5 mg/L时,衰减过程开始受到影响;地下水中的 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}会抑制 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}的降解,当 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}低至10 mg/L或以下时, {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}才开始明显降解。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定西藏日多温泉地热水中11种主次量元素   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

王祝  李明礼  邵蓓  卓玛曲西  姜贞贞  刘高令  多吉 《岩矿测试》2015,34(3):302-307

西藏地热水的矿化度普遍较高,矿物质种类丰富,本文建立了采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)同时测定西藏日多温泉地热水中11种主次量元素(钾钠钙镁硅硼锂锶砷铁和硫酸根)的分析方法。使用双向观测模式可确保不同浓度元素的同时检出,且地热水采用1%硝酸介质保存,在5周时间内11种元素含量的测定值基本稳定。方法检出限为0.0006~0.0162 mg/L,加标回收率为95.5%~105.8%,精密度(RSD,n=10)均小于6%,实际水样的测试结果与传统方法基本吻合。本方法为西藏温泉的水文地球化学研究提供了大量可靠的数据。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川雪-冰界面含氮离子迁移研究     

王圣杰  张明军  王飞腾  李忠勤  张晓宇 《地球学报》2011,32(6):699-706

冰川积累区雪-冰界面附近的化学物质迁移对冰芯记录的形成具有重要意义,为讨论主要含氮离子在这一界面的迁移,本研究基于2004年11月至2006年3月在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川连续采集的64组雪冰样品分析了NO3与NH4+的变化情况.结果表明,雪层底部干季(11月至翌年3月)含氮离子浓度的平均值高于湿季(4-10月)的,而...  相似文献   

Hydrochemical characteristics of irrigation return flow in semi-arid regions of Iran     

H. Jafari  E. Raeisi  M. Zare 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):173-185

Abstract

The study area is located on the Harat plain, in the central region of Iran. Four local-soil filled, free-drainage lysimeters were installed in wheat and barley farms operating under traditional farm management practices. The volume, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate and major ions of the applied irrigation water and irrigation return flow (IRF) were measured during the growing season. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of IRF increased three to five times compared to that of the applied water. This enhancement was the same as for the chloride ion ratio, indicating the major impact of evapotranspiration in IRF salinity enhancement. Geochemical modelling using PHREEQCI confirmed the significant role of evapotranspiration and the minor effects of processes such as calcite precipitation, gypsum dissolution, fertilizer nitrification and ion exchange on the values of the IRF TDS. Time variations of EC were functions of the type of flow (preferential or matrix), lithology and soil type. The controlling parameters of the nitrate time series were the frequent applications of N fertilizer and the nitrification process. The annual N loads (NO₃-N) of IRF varied from 22 to 195 kg ha^-1. These variations were due to the different N loads in the applied water, the amount of fertilizer, soil texture, N uptake and volume of IRF. The annual salt loads of IRF were mainly controlled by the volume of IRF.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Jafari, H., Raeisi, E., Hoehn, E. and Zare, M., 2012. Hydrochemical characteristics of irrigation return flow in semi-arid regions of Iran. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (1), 173–185.  相似文献   

Marine and human activity influences on the groundwater quality of southern Korinthos area (Greece)     

G. Stamatis  K. Voudouris 《水文研究》2003,17(12):2327-2345

In this paper the groundwater quality of the southern part of Korinthos region (north‐east Peloponnese) is discussed. The geology is characterized by a thick sequence of Neogene marls alternating with sandstones, overlain by superficial Quaternary deposits. The latter consist of a mixture of loose materials such as conglomerates, marly sandstones, sands and clay to silty sands. The area is crossed by a fault system parallel to the coastline, and the Quaternary sediments have formed extended Tyrrhenian marine terraces. Two aquifers have been identified in the area. The first is unconfined and occurs within the Quaternary sediments whereas the other is a deep confined aquifer occurring within the underlying Neogene marl series. Analysis of hydrochemical evolution over the past 30 years has indicated significant deterioration of quality owing to seawater intrusion and nitrate pollution. The various sources of pollution have rendered, to a large extent, shallow groundwater unsuitable not only for potable water supply but also for irrigation purposes. However, this is not the case for the deeper confined aquifer. Statistical analysis was used to explore the evolution of salinization during the years 1968 and 1998. In view of the alarming conditions caused by the documented groundwater quality deterioration, the need for integrated water resources management is stressed to maintain the socio‐economic growth of the region studied. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

硝酸益康唑微囊化技术研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

范润珍邱小玲  叶玉儿巫结顺 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(3):74-77

以明胶与阿拉伯胶配比为囊材，Span60为乳化剂，戊二醛为交联剂，采用复凝聚法制备了硝酸益康唑微胶囊．并研究了制备工艺条件对微胶囊形态、粒度、药物包封率及释放特性的影响。结果表明，随药物与囊材配比增大．形成的微胶囊数目越多、粒径越小，包封率降低，释放速度增大；戊二醛的用量对微胶囊膜的机械强度、微胶囊形状和粒度及分散性有显著影响。  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics and source analysis of inflow of mine water in Wang＇ershan Gold Mine, Shandong     

QIAN Jianping LI Shuangli CAO Chao 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):82-89

Through a systematic observation of water level and temperature, and a comprehensive analysis of the data on major/trace elements, nitrite, hydrogen-oxygen isotopes, the conclusion has been drawn that there are two relatively independent groundwater systems （cool water and hot water）, and the geochemical indicators of hot/cool waters are described. The cool water system is relatively enriched in Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋ and HCO3^-. Its TDS is relatively low, about 1400-1800 mg/L. The hot water system is relatively enriched in K^＋, Na^＋, Cl^- and SO4^2-. Its TDS is relatively high, about 2200-2300 mg/L. The cool water system is enriched in Ba, Ga, Cd, and the hot water system is enriched in B, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Rb, and Cs, relatively. Especially, the contents of Rb and Cs in the hot water system are more than five times as high as those in the cool water system. The NO3^- contents of cool water discharged from the gold mine are relatively high, and those of hot water are extremely low. The 8D and 8-80 values follow an increasing order of surface water〉mine cool water〉mine hot water. The cool water comes mainly from the lateral supply of phreatic water, while the hot water comes mainly from the vertical supply of deeply circulating structure-fracture water. The ratio of cool water over hot water was estimated to be about 1：1 by a water quality model..  相似文献   

地下水水质评价与水资源管理：水文地球化学与同位素方法的应用研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

焦杏春 《地质学报》2016,90(9):2476-2489

地下水系统是包含地质环境、地下水动力、地下水化学等子集的综合系统,早在2000年前的古罗马时代,人们就已应用水文地球化学方法开展地下水的水化学特征、地下水补给、径流与排泄等研究。近现代同位素技术的发展,为开展地下水补给和可更新性、追踪地下水污染等方面的研究,提供了极大帮助。研究者通过分析地下水样品的水文地球化学指标,如K~+、Ca~(2+)、Na~+、Mg~(2+)等离子,结合δ18 O、δD、δ37 Cl、δ81 Br等稳定同位素指标,在地下水径流特征分析、水岩相互作用过程、地下水咸化、地下水资源管理以及地下水水质问题等研究方面取得了大量成果。本文概述了国内外近年来应用水文地球化学与同位素结合的手段进行地下水系统研究取得的成果及进展,着重回顾了在地下水咸化、地下水硝酸盐及微量有机污染以及地下水资源管理研究中的应用成果。文末讨论了应用水文地球化学与同位素结合的手段研究地下水系统的基本方法,探讨了开展地下水质质量评价与地下水资源管理的科学方法,展望了水文地球化学与同位素方法在地下水有机污染调查研究中的应用前景,认为该方法可以为地下水中新型及持久性有机污染物的来源及污染特征研究提供重要支撑。  相似文献   

Water uptake and nutrient concentrations under a floodplain oak savanna during a non‐flood period,lower Cedar River,Iowa     

Keith E. Schilling  Peter Jacobson 《水文研究》2009,23(21):3006-3016

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Rapid nutrient load reduction during infiltration of managed aquifer recharge in an agricultural groundwater basin: Pajaro Valley,California     

C. M. Schmidt  A. T. Fisher  A. Racz  C. G. Wheat  M. Los Huertos  B. Lockwood 《水文研究》2012,26(15):2235-2247

Artificial recharge of groundwater is an increasingly important method for augmenting groundwater supply and can have a positive or negative influence on the quality of water resources. We instrumented a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) pond in central coastal California to assess how patterns of infiltration and recharge affect the load of nitrate delivered to the underlying aquifer. The concentration of nitrate in infiltrating water consistently decreased during passage through the first metre of subsurface soils. Enrichment of ¹⁸O and ¹⁵ N in the residual nitrate in infiltrating water proceeded in a ratio of 1:2, indicating that denitrification plays a significant role in the quantitative reduction of nutrients exported during infiltration through shallow soils. The extent and rate of nitrate removal was spatially and temporally variable across the bottom of the recharge pond, with 30% to 60% of the nitrate load being removed over the first 6 weeks of managed aquifer recharge operation. During the period of highest N loading to the system, when the average infiltration rate was > 1 m/day, the recharge pond achieved a load reduction efficiency of 7 kg NO₃^?‐N/day/ha, which compares favourably to nitrate load reductions achieved by treatment wetlands. Groundwater mounding and water composition below the recharge pond suggest that recharge and subsequent lateral transport occur heterogeneously in the underlying aquifer. Nitrate concentrations in the aquifer following infiltration were lowered primarily by dilution, with little evidence for additional denitrification occurring in the aquifer in comparison to high rates documented during shallow infiltration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献