Rapid nutrient load reduction during infiltration of managed aquifer recharge in an agricultural groundwater basin: Pajaro Valley,California     

C. M. Schmidt  A. T. Fisher  A. Racz  C. G. Wheat  M. Los Huertos  B. Lockwood 《水文研究》2012,26(15):2235-2247

Artificial recharge of groundwater is an increasingly important method for augmenting groundwater supply and can have a positive or negative influence on the quality of water resources. We instrumented a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) pond in central coastal California to assess how patterns of infiltration and recharge affect the load of nitrate delivered to the underlying aquifer. The concentration of nitrate in infiltrating water consistently decreased during passage through the first metre of subsurface soils. Enrichment of ¹⁸O and ¹⁵ N in the residual nitrate in infiltrating water proceeded in a ratio of 1:2, indicating that denitrification plays a significant role in the quantitative reduction of nutrients exported during infiltration through shallow soils. The extent and rate of nitrate removal was spatially and temporally variable across the bottom of the recharge pond, with 30% to 60% of the nitrate load being removed over the first 6 weeks of managed aquifer recharge operation. During the period of highest N loading to the system, when the average infiltration rate was > 1 m/day, the recharge pond achieved a load reduction efficiency of 7 kg NO₃^?‐N/day/ha, which compares favourably to nitrate load reductions achieved by treatment wetlands. Groundwater mounding and water composition below the recharge pond suggest that recharge and subsequent lateral transport occur heterogeneously in the underlying aquifer. Nitrate concentrations in the aquifer following infiltration were lowered primarily by dilution, with little evidence for additional denitrification occurring in the aquifer in comparison to high rates documented during shallow infiltration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development of a 2D horizontal biogeochemical model for the Irish Sea DYMONIS   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Le Gall  A. C.; Hydes  D. J.; Kelly-Gerreyn  B. A.; Slinn  D. J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(4):1050-1059

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广东海南岛石碌铁矿石英的研究及其意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王寒竹 《地球科学》1985,(2)

本文在显微镜研究基础上,综合运用扫描电镜、光谱分析、X射线分析、差热分析和红外光谱等手段,对铁矿中石英进行矿物标型特征的研究。论证了这种石英的绝大多数有蛋白石→玉髓→石英的形成过程。同时,成矿时也很可能有一些火山成因石英斑晶或晶屑掺杂其中,而陆源碎屑石英少见。还发现了铁矿中玉髓的似生物结构。因而为石碌铁矿海相火山(胶体)沉积变质成因说提供了新的科学依据。  相似文献   

桂林甑皮岩岩溶地下水硝酸盐来源与转化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴锡松  张强  姜光辉  郭芳  吴华英  骆俊晖 《中国岩溶》2020,39(2):164-172

峰林平原是人类活动和居住的密集区，也是岩溶地下水系统的主要径流、排泄地段，地下水资源丰富。随着城市化的发展，地下水硝酸盐污染问题日渐突出。为研究桂林甑皮岩岩溶地下水硝酸盐来源与转化，分别于2018年10月、2019年2月、3月和4月采集地下水样，利用常规水化学及氮氧同位素技术识别硝酸盐来源与转化。结果表明:甑皮岩地下水中NO3-浓度在0~19.523 mg?L-1，δ15N-NO3-和δ18O-NO3-分别在-0.17‰～45.12‰和-5.82‰~16.47‰。硝酸盐氮氧同位素数据表明，甑皮岩地下水硝酸盐来源主要为粪便及污废水，少量来自降雨中的NH4+和土壤有机氮。受岩溶介质不均一性的控制，甑皮岩地下水中NO3-浓度、δ15N-NO3-和δ18O-NO3-均表现出明显的空间变异性。甑皮岩地下水硝酸盐的转化过程复杂，受控于季节和岩溶介质不均一性，表现为旱季以反硝化为主，雨季则以硝化过程为主。厘清硝酸盐来源与转化为治理甑皮岩地下水硝酸盐污染提供一定的科学依据。   相似文献   

Agricultural contaminants in Quaternary aquitards: A review of occurrence and fate in North America     

S. Rodvang  W. Simpkins 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(1):44-59

The intensity of agriculture has increased significantly during the past 30 years, resulting in increased detection of agricultural contaminants (nutrients, pesticides, salts, trace elements, and pathogens) in groundwater. Till, glaciolacustrine, and loess deposits of Quaternary age compose the most common surficial deposits underlying agricultural areas in North America. Quaternary aquitards generally contain higher concentrations of solid organic carbon (SOC, as much as 1.4%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, as much as 205 mg/L), and reduced sulfur (as much as 0.9%) than do aquifers. Their potential to sorb pesticides increases with the percent of older SOC, because diagenesis increases K_oc. Denitrification consistently reduces nitrate to non-detectable levels in unweathered Quaternary aquitards. Organic carbon of Quaternary age is a more labile electron donor than carbon from shale clasts. Pyrite is a more labile electron donor than carbon in many instances. Unweathered Quaternary aquitards provide a high degree of protection for underlying aquifers, due to their large reserves of SOC and reduced sulfur for sorption and denitrification, combined with their typically low hydraulic conductivity. In contrast, agricultural contaminants are common in weathered Quaternary aquitards. Lower reserves of reduced sulfur and sorptive/labile organic carbon, and a higher bulk K due to fractures, limit their ability to attenuate nitrate and pesticides. Subsurface drainage, which is common in Quaternary aquitards because of high water tables, bypasses the attenuation capacity of Quaternary aquitards and facilitates the transport of agricultural contaminants to surface water. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Acceleration of Selenate Reduction by Alternative Drying and Wetting of Soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朴河春  刘广深等 《中国地球化学学报》1996,15(3):278-284

In nature selenate reduction and nitrate denitrification both follow a similar biogeo-chemical mechanism.It has been proved that abiotic stresses such as alternative drying and wetting can exert an important influence on nitrate denitrification as well as on selenate reduction.Our experimental results lend great support to the above conclusion.  相似文献   

Measurement of PAN in the Polluted Boundary Layer and Free Troposphere Using a Luminol-NO2 Detector Combined with a Thermal Converter     

Chloe Nikitas  Kevin C. Clemitshaw  David E. Oram  Stuart a. Penkett 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,28(1-3):339-359

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN,CH³C(O)O₂NO₂) has been measured inthe polluted boundary layer and free troposphere by thermal conversion tonitrogen dioxide (NO₂) followed by detection of thedecomposition product with a Scintrex LMA-3 NO₂-luminolinstrument. Following laboratory tests of the efficiency of PAN conversionand investigations of possible interferences, the technique was evaluated atthe West Beckham TOR (Tropospheric Ozone Research) Station near the northNorfolk coast in Eastern England between September 1989 and August 1990. PANmeasured by the new technique was reasonably well correlated with PANrecorded using electron capture gas chromatography (EC/GC). PAN was alsowell correlated with ozone (O³) in the summer months. Springand autumn episodes of simultaneously high concentrations of PAN andO³ were examined in conjunction with air parcelback-trajectories and synoptic- and local-scale meteorology in a study ofthe sources of photooxidants on the east coast of England. Spring-timemeasurements of PAN made in the free troposphere in a light aircraft ataltitudes up to 3.1 km showed the presence of 0.54 and 0.26 ppbv PAN inpolar maritime and mid-latitude oceanic air masses, respectively. Thetechnique is particularly suited to airborne applications because potentialinterferences are minimised and the frequency of measurements is higher thangenerally achieved with EC/GC methods.  相似文献   

Structure of Haida Eddies and Their Transport of Nutrient from Coastal Margins into the NE Pacific Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Frank Whitney  Marie Robert 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(5):715-723

Anticyclonic mesoscale eddies form near shore each winter in the Gulf of Alaska. One site near the Queen Charlotte Islands is shown to produce eddies that transport from 3000 to 6000 km³ of coastal water up to 1000 km westward. Eddies carry shelf nutrients either into the high nutrient, low chlorophyll waters of the NE Pacific, or in a more southerly direction into seasonally nitrate depleted waters. A large eddy sampled in summer 1998 was found to have elevated particulate levels on its perimeter. Nitrate supplied to the euphotic zone by this eddy during its natal summer is estimated to be three times greater than the usual seasonal nutrient transport in the Gulf of Alaska. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

海带和裙带菜硝酸还原酶活性比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵素达  高尚德 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(1)

试验海带和裙带菜孢子体在不同部位、不同生长期硝酸还原酶的活性。指出两种藻硝酸还原酶的活性随年龄增长而增强，叶片横向和纵向酶活性分布。阐明生长在不同水层的海带在同一部位酶活性的差异。  相似文献   

甲壳质接枝反应的研究Ⅱ——甲壳质与丙烯腈的接枝聚合     

杨靖先  辛修明 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1987,(2)

本文首次报告了丙烯腈(AN)与甲壳质膜的接枝聚合。在水溶液25±1℃,硝酸铈铵(CAN)引发下得到接枝聚合物。结果表明最适宜条件是在AN1.50molL~(-1)CAN6×10~(-3)molL~(-1),通N_2情况下进行。接枝膜有良好的透明性和张力强度。  相似文献