Propagating error in land-cover-change analyses: impact of temporal dependence under increased thematic complexity     

Amy C. Burnicki  Daniel G. Brown  Pierre Goovaerts 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1043-1060

We examined the impact of temporal dependence between patterns of error in classified time-series imagery through a simulation modeling approach. This research extended the land-cover-change simulation model we previously developed to investigate: (1) the assumption of temporal independence between patterns of error in classified time-series imagery; and (2) the interaction of patterns of change and patterns of error in a post-classification change analysis. In this research, the thematic complexity of the classified land-cover maps was increased by increasing the number of simulated land-cover classes. Simulating maps with increased categorical resolution permitted the incorporation of: (1) higher-order, more complex spatial and temporal interactions between land-cover classes; and (2) patterns of error that better reproduce the complex error interactions that often occur in time-series classified imagery. The overall modeling framework was divided into two primary components: (1) generation of a map representing true change; and (2) generation of a suite of change maps that had been perturbed by specific patterns of error. All component maps in the model were produced using simulated annealing, which enabled us to create a series of map realizations with user-defined spatial and temporal patterns. Comparing the true map of change to the error-perturbed maps of change using accuracy assessment statistics showed that increasing the temporal dependence between classification errors did not improve the accuracy of resulting maps of change when the categorical scale of the land-cover classified maps was increased. The increased structural complexity within the time series of maps effectively inhibited the impact of temporal dependence. However, results demonstrated that there are interactions between patterns of error and patterns of change in a post-classification change analysis. These interactions played a major role in determining the accuracy associated with the maps of change.  相似文献   

Wavelet analysis of the hydrological time series of Dalai Lake, Inner Mongolia, China     

KeLi Ji  Jian Huang 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(1):0051-0072

An important new development in hydrological data analysis in the last decade is the application of wavelet analysis. Here, wavelet theory is used to study the complexity and multi-scale periodicity of the hydrological time series of the Dalai Lake Basin in Inner Mongolia. Two large rivers, the Kelulun and the Wurxun, are the main inflows to Dalai Lake, which is currently shrinking. The annual and monthly flows of the Kelulun River are shown to vary more than those of the Wurxun River, and the monthly flows of the two rivers vary much more than their annual flows. Db5 wavelets are shown to be more suitable for annual flow calculations, whereas Db4 wavelets are more suitable for monthly flow calculations. Multi-scale wavelet analysis of the annual and monthly flows of the Kelulun and Wurxun rivers shows that the variation of the two rivers is similar and has a 25-year cycle, 12 years of wet and 12 years of drought periods, and our results show that both rivers are expected to transition into a wet period beginning in 2012. Therefore, the Dalai Lake Basin, which has been in a drought period since 2000, is expected to gradually transit into a wet period from 2012 onward.  相似文献   

Assessing effects of model complexity and structure on predictions of hydrological responses using serial and parallel model design     

Huicheng Chien  D. Scott Mackay 《水文研究》2020,34(2):404-419

By utilizing functional relationships based on observations at plot or field scales, water quality models first compute surface runoff and then use it as the primary governing variable to estimate sediment and nutrient transport. When these models are applied at watershed scales, this serial model structure, coupling a surface runoff sub-model with a water quality sub-model, may be inappropriate because dominant hydrological processes differ among scales. A parallel modeling approach is proposed to evaluate how best to combine dominant hydrological processes for predicting water quality at watershed scales. In the parallel scheme, dominant variables of water quality models are identified based entirely on their statistical significance using time series analysis. Four surface runoff models of different model complexity were assessed using both the serial and parallel approaches to quantify the uncertainty on forcing variables used to predict water quality. The eight alternative model structures were tested against a 25-year high-resolution data set of streamflow, suspended sediment discharge, and phosphorous discharge at weekly time steps. Models using the parallel approach consistently performed better than serial-based models, by having less error in predictions of watershed scale streamflow, sediment and phosphorus, which suggests model structures of water quantity and quality models at watershed scales should be reformulated by incorporating the dominant variables. The implication is that hydrological models should be constructed in a way that avoids stacking one sub-model with one set of scale assumptions onto the front end of another sub-model with a different set of scale assumptions.  相似文献   

Importance of habitat structure as a determinant of the taxonomic and functional composition of lentic macroinvertebrate assemblages     

Ralf C.M. VerdonschotPiet F.M. Verdonschot 《Limnologica》2012,42(1):31-42

Variation in habitat structure provided by macrophytes is regarded as one of the determinants of macroinvertebrate species composition in lentic ecosystems, but mechanisms underlying this relationship appear to be confounded with site-specific factors, such as physicochemical factors, epiphyton and composition of the vegetation. To better understand the relationship between structural complexity of a macrophyte stand and its macroinvertebrate assemblage composition, it is essential to determine the ecological role of different components of habitat structure for the phytomacrofauna. Using artificial structures as macrophyte mimics, representing three growth forms (stems, broad-leaved, finely dissected) and three structure surface areas (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 m²), a full factorial field experiment was conducted in a series of drainage ditches. We investigated if macroinvertebrate assemblages colonizing the structures were affected by an increase in macrophyte structure surface area, structural complexity, or by a combination of both, and if the observed patterns were consistent among sites differing in physicochemical and habitat characteristics. Assemblages were characterized both in terms of taxonomic and functional composition, because we expected that non-taxonomic aggregation of species into functional categories would give a different insight in habitat complexity-macroinvertebrate relationships in comparison to approaches based on the taxonomic assemblage composition. Ditch intrinsic factors, in part reflected in the periphyton on the structures, explained the major proportion of the variance in both the taxonomical macroinvertebrate assemblages and functional groups among structures. Contrary to our expectation, patterns in the taxon-based and functional dataset resembled each other. Only a minor contribution of growth form to the explained variance was observed in the taxonomical dataset, whilst differences in functional composition were unrelated to habitat structure. In conclusion, processes operating on larger spatial scales overrode the micro-scale effects of habitat structural complexity and surface area on macroinvertebrates.  相似文献   

电磁波层析成像技术在复杂地质边坡工程勘察中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈昌彦  沈小克  苏兆锋  张辉  白朝旭  贾辉  顾汉民 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(2):796-803

复杂的边坡工程地质条件决定了建设摩崖石刻工程的位置和规模,但边坡上发育的崩塌、坠石等地质灾害和多变的地形地貌条件严重影响了边坡地质工程勘察的安全性、准确性和勘察技术方法的有效性,本文应用孔间电磁波层析成像技术探测和评价边坡工程内破碎带、岩溶以及岩体完整性变化等地质工程问题以及地质解释的关键技术.电磁波衰减特征及电磁波衰减吸收系数的变化趋势和异常结构特征可以有效地反映边坡岩体内节理发育带、岩溶以及场区具控制作用的溶蚀断裂带的发育深度及影响范围,评价边坡岩体完整性的垂向分带和空间分区特征,为边坡工程建造提供科学依据.  相似文献   

Habitat values for artificial oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis) reefs compared with natural shallow-water habitats in Changjiang River estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

全为民  郑麟  李备军  安传光 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(5):957-969

studies have compared oyster reefs with adjacent natural shallow-water habitats.Here the resident benthic macroinvertebrate communities in an artificial oyster(Crassostrea ariakensis) reef and in adjacent natural estuarine shallow-water habitats(salt marsh,intertidal mudflat,and subtidal soft bottom) in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary were described.The mean total densities and biomass,Margalef’s species richness,Pielou’s evenness and Shannon-Weaver biodiversity indices of the resident benthic macroinvertebrate communities differed significantly among the habitats.Significantly higher densities and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred in the oyster reef compared with the other three habitats.Ordination plots showed a clear separation in benthic macroinvertebrate communities among the four habitat types.The results demonstrated that the artificial oyster reef supported distinct and unique benthic communities,playing an important role in the complex estuarine habitat by supplying prey resources and contributing to biodiversity.In addition,the results suggested that the oyster reef had been restored successfully.  相似文献   

不同震型地震的面波震级-体波震级标度关系研究     

钟羽云  张帆  杨钢宇 《高原地震》2005,17(1):1-8

通过研究中国大陆107次不同断层性质、不同震型、不同地区的5级以上地震的Ms与mb标度关系,用最小二乘法拟合得到:Ms=1 17mb-0 41。进一步分析发现:mb相同时,走滑断层地震的Ms大于倾滑断层地震的Ms;多震型地震的Ms大于孤立型地震的Ms。使用Ms与mb的这种关系,得到一种快速判定地震震型的方法,即对于走滑断层引起的地震,若Ms-1 17mb+0 16>0,则地震序列多数为多震型,再次发生较大或更大地震的可能性较大;对于倾滑断层引起的地震,若Ms-1 17mb+0 66<0,则地震为孤立型的可能性较大,再次发生较大或更大地震的可能性较小。  相似文献   

复杂性科学视角下的土地利用/覆被变化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

彭建  蔡运龙 《地理与地理信息科学》2005,21(1):100-103

土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)是当前全球变化研究的热点问题之一,它既是全球变化的重要原因之一,一定程度上又是全球变化的反映。土地利用／覆被变化和全球变化之间存在着极为复杂的反馈联系,片面的研究方法难以从整体上把握问题的本质。该文从复杂性科学的角度出发,分析土地利用/覆被变化的复杂性,认为驱动因素的多样性、系统要素作用的非线性和多方向性、时空异质性以及时空尺度多变性是土地利用／覆被变化复杂性的集中表现。实际研究中应注意把复杂性当作复杂性,通过定性与定量结合、微观研究与宏观研究结合等途径开展多学科综合研究,全面揭示土地利用/覆被变化问题的本质。  相似文献   

基于模糊综合评判法的地质构造复杂程度评价——以许厂煤矿330采区为例     

李小明  邵小朋  连会青 《中国煤炭地质》2019,(3):6-11

矿井地质构造是影响煤矿安全开采的首要地质因素。鉴于许厂煤矿330采区构造特征和发育规律不清,为合理安排生产和正确选择采掘方式,在分析整理现有采掘地质资料的基础上,按照400m×400 m把许厂煤矿330采区划分成44个单元,选取了断层密度、断层强度、平面褶皱强度指数、分维值四个定量评价指标,采用模糊综合评判法对3下煤层的构造复杂程度进行了分析评价。评价结果表明:属于Ⅰ类的有25个单元,Ⅱ类的有7个单元,Ⅲ类的有6个单元,Ⅳ类的有6个单元,开采实际揭露情况与评价结果基本一致,基于模糊综合评判法的地质构造复杂程度评价基本可靠,可为矿井的高效安全生产提供一定的指导依据。  相似文献   

土地利用/土地覆被变化研究:寻求新的综合途径   总被引：198，自引：26，他引：198  

蔡运龙 《地理研究》2001,20(6):645-652

土地利用/土地覆被变化是很复杂的现象,参与该项目的研究人员要避免“瞎子摸大象”那样的片面性,必须寻求新的综合研究途径。为此,不能简单地沿袭传统土地利用研究的思路和方法,需要不断提出新的研究论题;对土地利用变化驱动力必须有一种普遍的、综合的认识;需要将多个案例研究联结为一个可代表区域空间异质性的网络,需要作多空间尺度的研究,从而将地方尺度和区域尺度的土地覆被动态联系起来;需要发展新的研究方法,并将从农户调查到遥感数据的各种信息综合起来;尤其需要形成关于土地利用/土地覆被变化的综合科学理论框架  相似文献