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171.
DNDC模型对我国旱地N2O释放的拟合对比分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
本文根据贵州省玉米-油菜轮作田、休耕地和大豆-冬小麦轮作田的N2O释放通量及其影响因子季节变化的是观测结果,对比分析了DNDC模型计算与三试验田田间观测在N2O释放通量及其主要影响因子季节变化上的拟合程度。结果表明,对N2O释放通量、土壤NO3^-和NH4^ 含量、土壤湿度和土温,模型计算结果与田间观测具有相似的季节变化模式和相近的数值,模型较好地反映了上述参数的动态变化过程。据此,推算出贵州省农业土壤N2O年释放量,并分析了气候变化和农业活动对释放量的潜在影响。  相似文献   
172.
地下水数值计算中断层处理的"切割-导通法"   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从对断层导水性能的分析出发 ,提出了地下水数值计算中断层处理的“切割—导通法” ,既考虑断层侧向导水性 ,又考虑了其垂向导水性 ,更符合断层导水的实际情况 ,也易于描述较大断裂在走向上的导水性差异。  相似文献   
173.
A stochastic channel embedded in a background facies is conditioned to data observed at wells. The background facies is a fixed rectangular box. The model parameters consist of geometric parameters that describe the shape, size, and location of the channel, and permeability and porosity in the channel and nonchannel facies. We extend methodology previously developed to condition a stochastic channel to well-test pressure data, and well observations of the channel thickness and the depth of the top of the channel. The main objective of this work is to characterize the reduction in uncertainty in channel model parameters and predicted reservoir performance that can be achieved by conditioning to well-test pressure data at one or more wells. Multiple conditional realizations of the geometric parameters and rock properties are generated to evaluate the uncertainty in model parameters. The ensemble of predictions of reservoir performance generated from the suite of realizations provides a Monte Carlo estimate of the uncertainty in future performance predictions. In addition, we provide some insight on how prior variances, data measurement errors, and sensitivity coefficients interact to determine the reduction in model parameters obtained by conditioning to pressure data and examine the value of active and observation well data in resolving model parameters.  相似文献   
174.
Gradual deformation is a parameterization method that reduces considerably the unknown parameter space of stochastic models. This method can be used in an iterative optimization procedure for constraining stochastic simulations to data that are complex, nonanalytical functions of the simulated variables. This method is based on the fact that linear combinations of multi-Gaussian random functions remain multi-Gaussian random functions. During the past few years, we developed the gradual deformation method by combining independent realizations. This paper investigates another alternative: the combination of dependent realizations. One of our motivations for combining dependent realizations was to improve the numerical stability of the gradual deformation method. Because of limitations both in the size of simulation grids and in the precision of simulation algorithms, numerical realizations of a stochastic model are never perfectly independent. It was shown that the accumulation of very small dependence between realizations might result in significant structural drift from the initial stochastic model. From the combination of random functions whose covariance and cross-covariance are proportional to each other, we derived a new formulation of the gradual deformation method that can explicitly take into account the numerical dependence between realizations. This new formulation allows us to reduce the structural deterioration during the iterative optimization. The problem of combining dependent realizations also arises when deforming conditional realizations of a stochastic model. As opposed to the combination of independent realizations, combining conditional realizations avoids the additional conditioning step during the optimization process. However, this procedure is limited to global deformations with fixed structural parameters.  相似文献   
175.
A new method for upscaling fine scale permeability fields to general quadrilateral-shaped coarse cells is presented. The procedure, referred to as the conforming scale up method, applies a triangle-based finite element technique, capable of accurately resolving both the coarse cell geometry and the subgrid heterogeneity, to the solution of the local fine scale problem. An appropriate averaging of this solution provides the equivalent permeability tensor for the coarse scale quadrilateral cell. The general level of accuracy of the technique is demonstrated through application to a number of flow problems. The real strength of the conforming scale up method is demonstrated when the method is applied in conjunction with a flow-based gridding technique. In this case, the approach is shown to provide results that are significantly more accurate than those obtained using standard techniques.  相似文献   
176.
Introduction It is found that there are some relationships between the thermal structures of subduction zones and the deep seismicity, while the mechanism relates the thermal structure and the deep seismicity is still unsure (Helffrich, Brodholt, 1991; Furukawa, 1994; Kirby, et al, 1996). From 1980s, geoscientists have constituted a series of numerical simulations on the stress states of subduction slabs. Based on the kinetic computation of Sung and Burns (1976a, b), Goto, et al (1983, 1987…  相似文献   
177.
A two‐dimensional simulation model of travel distances of individual particles in a gravel‐bed river is presented. The model is based on a number of rules, which include particle size, entrainment, trajectory, distance of movement and entrapment. Particle interactions are controlled by resistance fields defined about each obstacle and critical elevation defined in the model. Resistance fields, particle dropping and critical elevation rules control particle interactions. The interaction rules cause the particles to develop pebble clusters, stone cells and transverse structures (transverse ribs). The simulated travel distances of individual particles are consistent with reported field results. Individual particle travel distances were simulated using two different models; one without interactions between the individual particles and the stationary bed and one with interactions. The case without interactions demonstrates the random nature of sediment transport, and narrow ranges of travel distances. Wider ranges of travel distances, similar to those for natural situations, were obtained for the cases with interactions. The more intense the interaction between the mobile stones and the stationary ones, the wider the range of distances of travel for a given particle size. Modelling the mean travel distance yielded a result similar to that published previously, which was based on empirical data. Well developed bed‐surface structures were obtained for relatively poorly sorted sediment with intense interactions between particles. Transverse structures developed when relatively large particles were allowed to move. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
178.
含预制软弱带的岩石破裂过程的数值模拟   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
考虑到岩石脆性破坏过程中介质的不均匀性之特点,对岩石样品中含预制弱介质条带的岩石样品破坏过程进行二维有限元数值模拟,并对弱介质带的破坏贯通过程、新的断层的产生和有关的地震活动进行了研究.数值模型展示了岩石从变形、微观破坏到整体破坏的全过程以及微震活动的时空分布特征.应力、应变和微震活动的时空分布形象地描绘了岩石变形的局部化和时空迁移等现象,这与实际地壳中所观测到的现象是一致的.此外,模拟结果与实验观测结果也是一致或相似的.   相似文献   
179.
现代地裂缝在世界许多国家普遍存在 ,已成为当今世界范围内的主要地质灾害之一。本文在详尽分析了山西榆次地裂缝的各个致灾因子的基础上 ,利用GIS技术建立了地质学意义上的专题层 ;然后采用人工神经网络技术构建出了地裂缝灾害活动性的评价模型 ,并建立了地裂缝活动性的评价系统 ,对榆次地裂缝进行了灾害活动性评价 ,为榆次市城建和国土规划等部门的正确决策提供了重要的科学依据  相似文献   
180.
用ANSYS模拟结构-地基动力相互作用振动台试验的建模方法   总被引:37,自引:6,他引:37  
本文以结构-地基动力相互作用振动台模型试验为基础,结合通用有限元软件ANSYS,对结构-地基动力相互作用体系进行有限元计算建模的一些问题作了研究,主要包括柔性土容器的模拟、土体动力本构模型的选用、土体与结构交界面上的状态非线性模型、网格划分、重力的考虑、结构中钢筋的处理以及对称性的应用等。文中给出了利用上述建模方法对结构-地基动力相互作用体系进行计算的一些加速度时程结果,并与试验结果相对照,吻合较好。通过计算分析,验证了简化处理方法的合理性和计算模型的可行性。  相似文献   
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