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131.
热液矿床成矿元素地球化学异常探讨 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
为什么有些热液矿床矿体周围蚀变岩中出现明显的成矿元素负异常,而有些热液矿床矿体周围蚀变岩中出现明显的成矿元素正异常?以湘中地区锑(金)矿床为例,探讨了热液矿床成矿元素异常的形成机理,研究表明,热液矿床成矿物质来源的差异是导致成矿元素正异常或负异常的根本原因。 相似文献
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云南墨江金矿热水喷流沉积成岩成矿的地质地球化学证据 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
在墨江金矿区发现了两个热水喷流沉积旋回,赋矿地层烂山段出露的硅质岩和(黄铁矿)硫化物岩具有低TiO2,Al2O3和富含As,Sb,Au,Ag,Hg含量特征,稀土元素具有总量低,轻稀土总量高于重稀土特征,其球粒陨石标准化模式为向右倾曲线,大多数样品具有负Eu异常;而其北美页岩标准化曲线向左倾,在SiO2-Al2O3,Al-Fe-Mn和Al2O3-TFeO-CaO等地球化学图解上,大多数样品位于热水沉积区,当样品中含有火山角砾成分时偏离热水沉积区,研究表明硅质岩和(黄铁矿)硫化物岩主要由热水喷流沉积形成的,再结合矿床地质特征,认为墨江金矿存在早期热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用,形成了矿化或低品位矿石,并可能与下伏火山喷发有关,这为墨江金矿的成因研究和进一步找矿开辟新的思路。 相似文献
134.
川滇密西西比河谷型铅锌矿床成矿流体来源研究:流体Na-Cl-Br体系的证据 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
应用流体包裹体滤液分析方法,测定了川滇7个MVT铅锌矿床成矿流体的Na,Cl,Br含量,结果表明成矿流体的x(Na/Br)和x(Cl/Br)的平均值分别为185和73,并与高度蒸发浓缩的残留海水的x(Na/Br)和x(Cl/Br)相近。成矿流体的Na,Cl含量呈正相关,在lgNa-lgCl图解中呈线性分布。根据这些事实以及矿床地质特征,认为原始成矿卤水起源于蒸发浓缩的残留海水,原始含矿卤水与富含有机质的大气降水混合导致矿质沉淀而成矿。 相似文献
135.
S. Nakamoto S. Prasanna Kumar J. M. Oberhuber H. Saito K. Muneyama R. Frouin 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(3):339-349
Western tropical Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and the equatorial Pacific are known as regions of intense bio-chemical-physical
interactions: the Arabian Sea has the largest phytoplankton bloom with seasonal signal, while the equatorial Pacific bloom
is perennial with quasi-permanent upwelling. Here, we studied three dimensional ocean thermodynamics comparing recent ocean
observation with ocean general circulation model (OPYC) experiment combined with remotely sensed chlorophyll pigment concentrations
from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). Using solar radiation parameterization representing observations that a higher
abundance of chlorophyll increases absorption of solar irradiance and heating rate in the upper ocean, we showed that the
mixed layer thickness decreases more than they would be under clear water conditions. These changes in the model mixed layer
were consistent with Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) observations during the 1994-1995 Arabian Sea experiment and epi-fluorescence
microscopy (EFM) on samples collected during Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Study (EPOCS) in November, 1988. In the Arabian
Sea, as the chlorophyll concentrations peak in October (3 mg/m3) after the summer plankton bloom induced by coastal upwelling, the chlorophyll induced biological heating enhanced the sea
surface temperature (SST) by as much as 0.6‡C and sub-layer temperature decreases and sub-layer thickness increases. In the
equatorial Pacific, modest concentrations of chlorophyll less than 0.3 mg/m3 is enough to introduce a meridional differential heating, which results in reducing the equatorial mixed layer thickness
to more than 20 m. The anomalous meridional tilting of the mixed layer bottom enhances off equatorial westward geostrophic
currents. Consequently, the equatorial undercurrent transports more water from west to east. We proposed that these numerical
model experiments with use of satellite andin situ ocean observations are consistent under three dimensional ocean circulation theory combined with solar radiation transfer
process. 相似文献
136.
Analogue study of particle segregation in pyroclastic density currents, with implications for the emplacement mechanisms of large ignimbrites 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract Analogue flume experiments were conducted to investigate the transport and sedimentation behaviour of turbulent pyroclastic density currents. The experimental currents were scaled approximately to the natural environment in three ways: (1) they were fully turbulent; (2) they had a very wide range of particle sizes and associated Rouse numbers (the ratio of particle settling velocity to effective turbulent eddy velocity in the current); and (3) they contained particles of two different densities. Two sets of surge‐type experiments were conducted in a 5 m long, water‐filled lock‐exchange flume at five different volumetric particle concentrations from 0·6% to 23%. In one set (one‐component experiments), the currents contained just dense particles; in the other set (two‐component experiments), they contained both light and dense particles in equal volume proportions. In both sets of experiments, the population of each component had a log‐normal size distribution. In the two‐component experiments, the size range of the light particle population was selected in order to be in hydrodynamic equivalence with that of the dense particles. Dense particles were normally graded, both vertically and downstream, in the deposits from both sets of experiments. The mass loading (normalized to the initial mass of the suspension) and grain size of the dense component in the deposits decreased with distance from the reservoir and were insensitive to initial total particle concentration in the currents. On the other hand, in the two‐component experiments, the light particles were extremely sensitive to concentration. They were deposited in hydrodynamic equivalence with the dense particles from dilute currents, but were segregated efficiently at concentrations higher than a few per cent. With increasing particle concentration, the large, light particles were carried progressively further down the flume because of buoyancy effects. Deposits from the high‐concentration currents exhibited reverse vertical grading of the large, light particles. Efficient segregation of the light component was observed even if the bulk density of the current was less than that of the light particles. In both sets of experiments, marked inflexions in the rate of downstream decline in mass loading and maximum grain size of the dense component can be attributed to the presence of two different particle settling regimes in the flow: (1) particles with Rouse numbers >2·5, which did not respond to the turbulence and settled rapidly; and (2) particles with Rouse numbers <2·5, which followed the turbulent eddies and settled slowly. The results are applied to the transport and sedimentation dynamics of pyroclastic density currents that generate large, widespread ignimbrites. Field data fail to reveal significant departures from aerodynamic equivalence between pumice and lithic clasts in three such ignimbrites: the particulate loads of some large ignimbrites are transported principally in turbulent suspensions of low concentration. In some ignimbrites, the well‐developed inflexions in curves of maximum lithic (ML) size vs. distance can be attributed to the existence of distinct high and low Rouse number particle settling regimes that mark the transition from an overcharged state to one in which the residual particulate load is transported more effectively by turbulence. 相似文献
137.
Updated aeromagnetic maps of New Mexico together with current knowledge of the basement geology in the northern part of the state (Sangre de Cristo and Sandia–Manzano Mountains)—where basement rocks were exposed in Precambrian-cored uplifts—indicate that the northeast-trending Proterozoic shear zones that controlled localization of ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt extend laterally into New Mexico. The shear zones in New Mexico coincide spatially with known epigenetic precious- and base-metal ore deposits; thus, the mineralized belts in the two states share a common inherited basement tectonic setting. Reactivation of the basement structures in Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary times provided zones of weakness for emplacement of magmas and conduits for ore-forming solutions. Ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt are of both Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary age; those in New Mexico are predominantly Mid-Tertiary in age, but include Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico.The mineralized belt in New Mexico, named the New Mexico structural zone, is 250-km wide. The northwest boundary is the Jemez subzone (or the approximately equivalent Globe belt), and the southeastern boundary was approximately marked by the Santa Rita belt. Three groups (subzones) of mineral deposits characterize the structural zone: (1) Mid-Tertiary porphyry molybdenite and alkaline-precious-metal deposits, in the northeast segment of the Jemez zone; (2) Mid-Tertiary epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Tijeras (intermediate) zone; and (3) Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in the Santa Rita zone. The structural zone was inferred to extend from New Mexico into adjacent Arizona. The structural zone provides favorable sites for exploration, particularly those parts of the Jemez subzone covered by Neogene volcanic and sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
138.
在兴安金石金矿外围 4号分散流异常区 ,通过地电化学提取金测量法 ,查明测区存在 5个走向规模小于 5 0 m的金异常区 ,W( Au) 最大值为 72 .4× 10 - 9,高出背景值十几倍 ,并藉综合土壤吸附汞测量 ,高精度磁测和激发极化法等多种物化探方法来确定这些异常区的地质、地球化学和地球物理特征 ,提出金矿成矿的有利部位在金的地电提取高异常区、高汞量异常区、高磁性异常区、低视电阻率异常区和中等视极化率异常区的“三高一低一中”的找矿模式。确定测区的北北东角 (右下角 )一带具备有利的金矿成矿条件 相似文献
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