Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy     

Alessandro Amorosi  Luigi Bruno  Bruno Campo  Bianca Costagli  Wan Hong  Vincenzo Picotti  Stefano Claudio Vaiani 《Sedimentology》2021,68(1):402-424

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.  相似文献   

KT178型取心钻具在共和干热岩钻井中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

张恒春  王稳石  李宽  王跃伟  闫家  曹龙龙  胡晨 《探矿工程》2021,48(2):29-34

共和干热岩资源富集于花岗岩地层,硬度高,研磨性强,部分层段裂隙发育,取心困难。针对干热岩地层和取心需求特点,研制一套KT178取心钻具,并配套设计了孕镶金刚石取心钻头。该钻具为单动双管取心钻具,可配套井底动力钻具使用,设计中注重对钻具外管、卡簧等关键部件的强度校核。在GH-01井和GH-02井中,经过两轮实验和优化,钻具逐渐成熟,获取了较完整的岩心样本,满足干热岩勘探取心要求,具备了向页岩气、水资源勘察等具有间断取心需求的同类工程推广应用的条件。  相似文献   

西藏罗布莎铬铁矿区高海拔巨厚覆盖层钻探技术          下载免费PDF全文

刘祥  兰沁  许飞  周春华  谭启奎 《探矿工程》2021,48(6):49-56

西藏罗布莎铬铁矿区海拔高、覆盖层厚、地质条件复杂,岩层破碎、裂隙发育,局部岩层水溶、水蚀、水敏,存在地层漏失、缩径等钻探难题。本文总结了该区28个中深钻孔施工经验,包括：钻孔结构、钻进工艺、冲洗液、护壁堵漏技术、复杂情况采取的技术措施等,取得了较好的效果,各项指标满足设计要求,岩（矿）心采取率达到90%以上,台月效率555 m,各项质量指标均符合设计要求。  相似文献   

美国极地钻探科学目标分析与钻探技术进展          下载免费PDF全文

李冰  韩丽丽  李亚洲  范晓鹏  宫达  洪嘉琳  张楠  冶宇霆  汪月  孙友宏 《探矿工程》2021,48(9):9-24

极地钻探是获取极地冰层或冰下环境样品和在极地冰层或冰下布放科学观测仪器的最直接方法,是开展极地科学研究的必要技术手段。美国是开展极地钻探较早的国家之一,也是极地钻探强国。相比美国,我国极地钻探技术尚处于起步阶段。本文以《美国冰钻委员会长期科学规划2021-2031》为基础,结合其官方网站和相关文献资料,梳理了美国极地钻探科学目标和极地钻探技术现状,并简要介绍了过去10年美国极地钻探的现场工作情况及其在未来3年的工作计划,以期为我国极地钻探发展提供参考。  相似文献   

南极东方站深冰层及冰下湖钻探技术          下载免费PDF全文

王秋雯  李冰  Pavel Talalay  孙友宏  张楠  宫达  杨阳  范晓鹏 《探矿工程》2021,48(9):34-45

自1970年至今,前苏联和俄罗斯在南极东方站持续进行了近50年的冰层钻探活动,先后攻克了包含粒雪层、冰层、冰岩夹层和湖水冻结冰的复杂冰层钻进难题,逐渐形成了一套集热融取芯钻探、电动机械取芯钻探和分支孔钻探等为一体的深冰芯钻探技术。创造了冰层最深干孔钻进深度记录（952.4 m）、最深热融取芯钻进记录（2755 m）、最深冰芯钻探记录（3769.3 m）,累计进尺达13000 m,并获取了总长超46 m的含湖水冻结冰样品的冰芯。东方站的钻探活动对极地冰层钻探技术的发展起到了巨大的推动和引领作用,同时积累了宝贵的深冰钻探经验。通过对东方站深冰钻探技术的系统梳理,将为我国正在实施的深冰芯钻探和即将开启的冰下湖科学钻探提供重要的借鉴。  相似文献   

复合动力钻进工艺在干热岩钻井中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

谭现锋  马哲民  段隆臣  刘肖  李颖  郭明义 《探矿工程》2021,48(7):1-8

2011年山东省地矿局在山东省利津县实施了国内第一个干热岩调查评价项目,采用转盘回转钻进,但钻效低、能耗高。为提高在高温硬岩条件下的钻进效率、缩短钻井周期、降低生产成本,2015年在福建省漳州市实施的中国地质调查局东南沿海深部地热HDR-1干热岩科学钻探工程井（井深4000.86 m,孔底温度109 ℃）和2017年在青海省共和县完成的GR1干热岩科学勘探井（井深3705 m,孔底温度236 ℃）,在施工中均探索使用了“转盘+螺杆钻具”复合钻进工艺,并在高温取心段首次测试应用了“转盘+涡轮钻具”复合取心钻进工艺,取得了良好的效果并就下一步研究方向提出了意见和建议,为螺杆钻具和涡轮钻具的深入研究提供了宝贵的高温施工经验,也将为我国干热岩科学钻探与深部地热资源勘探提供新的技术支撑。  相似文献   

随钻测斜技术现状与发展趋势          下载免费PDF全文

尹浩  梁健  吴纪修  李宽  孙建华  李鑫淼 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):33-38

在桩基领域,随着基础设施建筑对桩基础承载能力和桩孔垂直度的质量控制要求越来越高,现有常规桩基成孔监测技术已不能满足要求;在钻探领域,随着深井、超深井、科学钻探井及水平井的成井要求越来越高,由于地层因素、工艺技术等导致的实际钻孔轨迹偏离设计轨迹的井斜问题愈发突出,井斜的监控变得越来越严格,现有仪器已不能很好地满足钻孔轨迹测量的高精度要求。针对上述问题,本文梳理了随钻测斜技术发展现状,并结合地质岩心钻探、旋挖桩孔施工工艺特点,提出实现绳索取心钻探钻孔轨迹和大直径长钻孔灌注桩孔垂直度高精度实时监测的方案,这一思路的推广将对指导施工操作、保证钻孔/桩孔的整体质量产生积极影响。  相似文献   

FDS-P型绳索取心钻具研制及试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

李鑫淼  胡建超  马莎莎  郑庆辉  王嘉瑞 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):370-374

针对复杂地层绳索取心钻进时易出现的内管总成打捞失败问题,开展了FDS-P型绳索取心钻具研制。基于内管总成打捞失败原因分析,完成了FDS-P型绳索取心钻具设计,通过室内试验,初步验证了钻具结构设计的合理性。为进一步验证钻具性能,在贵州页岩气井开展了野外生产试验,先后完成16个回次取心钻进,累计进尺39.03 m,岩心采取率达到98%以上,其中有6个回次发生堵心,内管打捞全部成功,内管到位及堵心均得到了及时提示。实际应用结果表明,FDS-P型绳索取心钻具结构设计合理,具有良好的到位及堵心报信提示作用,内管总成打捞可靠性得到显著提升,有效提高了易堵心地层钻进效率及岩心采取质量。  相似文献   

Discovery and significance of Lizifang metamorphic core complex in Zhuanghe area of southern Liaoning     

ZHONG Mishan  ZHANG Guoren  WU Zijie  GAO Fuliang  MA Ningning  PAN Yuqi  GAO Yongzhao 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):43-50

On the basis of the previous regional geological survey, based on the macroscopic and microscopic structural survey, combined with the comprehensive analysis of the regional magmatic activity and dating data, the authors in this paper revealed that there is another metamorphic core complex structure in Lizifang area of Southern Liaoning, namely Lizifang metamorphic core complex. A typical three-layer structure and five parts exist in the core complex, which are the footwall composed of Neo-archean metamorphic plutonic rocks and mesozoic granite intrusive rocks, the detachment fault zone composed of different levels of tectonic rocks, and the upper plate composed of Precambrian sedimentary cap and Cretaceous extensional basin. Lizifang metamorphic core complex formed in the Early Cretaceous Epoch, and the upper plate moved from NWW to SEE relaive to the footwall, which was similar with Jinzhou metamorphic core complex and Wanfu metamorphic core complex in geometry, kinematics polarity and formation time, indicating the same dynamic background. The determination of the metamorphic core complex may provide a basis for the late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning process and the mechanical and rheological properties of the lithosphere in the east of North China Craton. At the same time, the metamorphic core complex is closely related to the mineralization of gold deposits. So the detachment fault zone of Lizifang metamorphic core complex can serve as the key work area for further gold exploration, which may possess large mineralization potential.  相似文献   

台风Chanchu(0601)变性过程中的强度变化及环境场分析     

刘珍圆  王咏青  张秀年  周玉淑 《热带气象学报》2019,35(4):528-538

利用非静力中尺度WRF模式模拟的台风Chanchu(0601)的输出资料,探讨了Chanchu减弱变性过程的强度及结构变化。分析结果表明:在台风Chanchu北移过程中,高层的暖心被破坏,强度快速减弱,眼壁对流发展高度降低,眼壁对流由对称结构演变为非对称,内核对流减弱。此减弱变性过程与惯性稳定度减小、垂直风切变增强、低层锋生等环境要素有关。惯性稳定度与台风强度变化一致,随着惯性稳定度降低,最大切向风减弱并不断外扩,Rossby变形半径增大从而潜热释放不集中难以维持台风强度,台风减弱;同时,内核区的高层暖心更易径向频散,从而高层暖心难以维持;环境的垂直风切变增强使台风的斜压性增强,台风垂直结构的倾斜度增大,对流发展高度降低;低层冷空气侵入台风中心趋于填塞,也利于台风强度减弱;台风登陆以后冷暖空气对比导致的锋生使得不稳定能量释放从而重新加强了Chanchu环流内的中低层对流活动,但较台风最强时刻而言对流强度减弱。总体减少的对流和降低的对流高度,导致潜热能释放减小,其向心输送也减少,不足以维持强暖心结构,最终使得台风减弱并变性。   相似文献