苏北滨海湿地互花米草两种繁殖体与本地种竞争能力分析     

陈正勇  王国祥  刘金娥  徐伟伟  王刚 《海洋科学进展》2012,30(3):380-389

在碱蓬滩选取互花米草斑块,由外向内分为外围(A)、外侧(B)、内侧(C)、中心(D)四个取样点,研究互花米草实生苗、分蘖苗与本地植物碱蓬、芦苇的相对竞争力,探讨互花米草在碱蓬滩地入侵扩张的趋势。结果表明:1)在斑块B点处,互花米草实生苗与碱蓬相对竞争力高于互花米草分蘖苗与碱蓬相对竞争力;在斑块C点处,互花米草实生苗与碱蓬相对竞争力低于互花米草分蘖苗与碱蓬相对竞争力;多样性指数分析表现为:B点>C点>A点>D点;在互花米草斑块B点处重要值大小表现为:互花米草实生苗>碱蓬>芦苇实生苗>互花米草分蘖苗,在互花米草斑块C点处重要值大小表现为:互花米草分蘖苗>芦苇实生苗>互花米草实生苗>碱蓬。因此,碱蓬滩互花米草斑块主要是通过实生苗入侵新生境,向外扩张,通过互花米草分蘖苗维持种群的稳定。2)在斑块B点,芦苇实生苗与互花米草实生苗的相对竞争力相当,大于互花米草分蘖苗的相对竞争力,但在斑块C点处,互花米草分蘖苗高于芦苇实生苗。碱蓬与本地种芦苇也产生了竞争关系,并很有可能被芦苇和互花米草共同取代。3)互花米草实生苗与碱蓬的相对竞争力与滩涂微生境土壤含水量、土壤全盐量负相关(P<0.01),与土壤pH正相关(P<0.01);互花米草分蘖苗与碱蓬的相对竞争力与土壤含水量、土壤全盐量正相关(P<0.05),与土壤pH负相关(P<0.01)。碱蓬滩斑块处的含水量、盐度适合互花米草的定居、扩张。  相似文献   

The effect of glaciation on the intensity of seismic ground motion     

Samuel T. McColl  Timothy R. H. Davies  Mauri J. McSaveney 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(12):1290-1301

Seismicity is known to contribute to landscape denudation through its role in earthquake‐triggered slope failure; but little is known about how the intensity of seismic ground motions, and therefore triggering of slope failures, may change through time. Topography influences the intensity of seismic shaking – generally steep slopes amplify shaking more than flatter slopes – and because glacial erosion typically steepens and enlarges slopes, glaciation may increase the intensity of seismic shaking of some landforms. However, the effect of this may be limited until after glaciers retreat because valley ice or ice‐caps may damp seismic ground motions. Two‐dimensional numerical models (FLAC 6.0) were used to explore how edifice shape, rock stiffness and various levels of ice inundation affect edifice shaking intensity. The modelling confirmed that earthquake shaking is enhanced with steeper topography and at ridge crests but it showed for the first time that total inundation by ice may reduce shaking intensity at hill crests to about 20–50% of that experienced when no ice is present. The effect is diminished to about 80–95% if glacier ice level reduces to half of the mountain slope height. In general, ice cover reduced shaking most for the steepest‐sided edifices, for wave frequencies higher than 3 Hz, and when ice was thickest and the rock had shear stiffness well in excess of the stiffness of ice. If rock stiffness is low and shear‐wave velocity is similar to that of ice, the presence of ice may amplify the shaking of rock protruding above the ice surface. The modelling supports the idea that topographic amplification of earthquake shaking increases as a result of glacial erosion and deglaciation. It is possible that the effect of this is sufficient to have influenced the distribution of post‐glacial slope failures in glaciated seismically active areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Life strategy traits of the liana Sericostachys scandens spreading in the montane forests in the Kahuzi-Biega national park (DR Congo)     

Masumbuko Ndabaga Céphas  Herpigny Basile  Barbier Nicolas  Habiyaremye Muhashy Franois  Lejoly Jean  Meerts Pierre 《山地科学学报》2012,9(5):665-675

Sericostachys scandens is a monocarpic and heliophilous liana, native in tropical African forests. In the montane forests of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (KBNP) (East of DR Congo), it has been expanding very strongly for a decade, and is currently considered as having negative impacts on biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we test if S. scandens differs from three co-occurring, native, non spreading lianas (Gouania longispicata, Tacazzea apiculata and Adenia bequaertii) for functional traits which might influence plant expansion. For leaf traits (SLA, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration), S. scandens did not show extreme values compared to those of the three other lianas. In contrast, S. scandens had much higher biomass allocation to sexual reproduction. It also differs from the three other lianas for its reproductive strategy that combines both vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction, and propagule dispersal by wind. Moreover, S. scandens has larger leaves and a greater number of lateral branches per unit stem length. It is argued that the particular combination of functional traits exhibited by S.scandens may in part explain its propensity to behave as an opportunistic weed in the disturbed areas in the montane forests of Kahuzi-Biega.  相似文献   

中街山水域虾类组成及其群落多样性     

谢汉阳  朱文斌  徐开达  张龙  梁君 《广东海洋大学学报》2012,(4):1-7

根据2010~2011年中街山列岛水域4个季节的渔业资源调查资料,分析了该水域虾类资源密度和群落多样性,并探讨了底层温度、底层盐度和水深对虾类数量分布和多样性的影响.结果表明:共有虾类20种,隶属于9科18属;广温广盐种无论在种类数还是尾数密度与生物量均占主导地位;虾类生物量和尾数密度在季节分布上,以冬季最高,冬季均与春、夏和秋三季呈显著差异(p值<0.05);平面分布上,生物量与密度指数总体上呈南北高、中间低,东部高西部低的特征;生物量与平均底温显著相关(P<0.05),与平均底盐和水深相关性较差(p值>0.05);葛氏长臂虾、细巧仿对虾、中国毛虾、日本鼓虾和中华管鞭虾为四季的优势种,且均属广温广盐种;虾类群落Margalef丰富度指数为0.61~1.09,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.76~1.31,Pielou均匀度指数为0.50~0.70,其中丰富度指数和多样性指数春季与冬季均存在显著差异(P<0.05),均匀度指数秋季与冬季存在显著差异(p值<0.05).  相似文献   

逐渐干旱胁迫下生物土壤结皮中真藓和土生对齿藓的活性氧清除机制     

石勇  赵昕  贾荣亮  李新荣 《中国沙漠》2012,32(3):683-690

真藓(Bryum argenteum)和土生对齿藓(Didymodon vinealis)是腾格里沙漠南缘沙坡头地区生物土壤结皮中重要的藓类植物组成成分。我们以真藓和土生对齿藓为材料,研究了逐渐干旱胁迫下两者的活性氧(ROS)清除机制及其差别。结果表明,逐渐干旱胁迫下,真藓的H2O2含量略微升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降,可溶性蛋白含量变化不大。在逐渐干旱胁迫下,真藓以过氧化氢酶(CAT)为主,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)为辅,清除其体内活性氧自由基(ROS),抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)作用不明显,而谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)则主要在中度干旱胁迫下起作用。逐渐干旱胁迫下,土生对齿藓的H2O2和MDA含量均显著上升,而可溶性蛋白含量显著下降。在逐渐干旱胁迫下,土生对齿藓以GSH为主,SOD、CAT为辅,清除其体内ROS,APX和GR的作用不明显,而POD则主要在中度干旱胁迫下起主要作用。  相似文献   

北天山北缘构造剖面测量及多期构造变形   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨庚  何登发  李伟  李本亮  王晓波  石昕  张朝军  管树巍 《地学前缘》2012,19(5):41-52

天山北缘为典型的大陆内部活动构造特征,发育准噶尔盆地南缘逆冲带,主要表现为新生代时期形成的多排平行山体的背斜和逆冲断层。为了详细研究该区主要构造变形特征和变形形成时间,2005年我们对天山北缘进行了详细的地表地质剖面测量,之后进行了多年地表地质区域调查,落实了关键砾岩地层时代,充分结合卫星遥感影像资料、二维三维地震剖面和钻井测井资料,应用断层相关褶皱理论,完成了一条近SN向的长度50 km的金钩河-安集海河构造地质大剖面。野外观察和地质测量以及生长地层和生长地层不整合分析表明,安集海深层背斜初始形成时间为中新世早期,在第四纪西域组（Q1x）、乌苏群(Q2)和第四纪中晚期(Q4)最终定型的浅表背斜,深层为断层转折褶皱和中浅层反冲的楔形构造叠加组合而成;霍尔果斯深层背斜初始形成时间为中新世晚期,在第四纪中晚期Q4最终定型,构造样式为深层断层转折褶皱、中深层楔形构造和浅层断层扩展背斜叠加组合而成。区域地质调查发现一条近东西走向285°,发育在中生界地层的准南走滑断层,该断层位于准南边界逆冲断裂以北,形成时间最晚（Q4）。根据准南安集海背斜、霍尔果斯背斜和准南边界逆冲断裂初始形成时间,可以认为准南构造初始逆冲次序为后展式,然后整个逆冲带从第四纪早期西域组晚期开始一直活动到现今。  相似文献   

辽东山地老秃顶子北坡植被类型及垂直带谱   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张华  马延新  武晶  祝业平  张宝财  孙卫东  马明军  兰玉波 《地理研究》2008,27(6):1261-1270

基于沿海拔梯度的样方调查数据,运用TWINSPAN分类方法,科学划分老秃顶子北坡的森林群落类型,确定老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱,并对其种类组成和生活型谱进行系统研究。结果表明:⑴老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱由8个带组成,即海拔500~720m的蒙古栎+色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔720~820m的紫椴+色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔820~920m的臭冷杉+暴马丁香针阔混交林带,海拔920~1080m的臭冷杉+鱼鳞云杉暗针叶林带,海拔1080~1190m的枫桦+臭冷杉针阔混交林带,海拔1190~1280m的岳桦+簇毛槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔1280~1320m的矮灌化槭树+毛榛子山地灌丛带,海拔1320~1367m的小叶章+苔草山地草甸带。⑵老秃顶子北坡自山麓至山顶8个植被带的物种丰富度分别为43、27、33、39、54、45、47和34种,呈现出了在中等海拔高度拥有最高物种多样性的现象。⑶老秃顶子北坡在山麓~920m间,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显增多,地面芽植物明显减少;在海拔920m~山顶,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显减少,至山顶基本消失,而地面芽植物比例则由21.2%显著增加到山顶的79.4%。  相似文献   

外来种互花米草在广西海岸的入侵现状及防治对策   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

覃盈盈  梁士楚 《湿地科学与管理》2008,4(2):47-50

本文在分析外来种互花米草引入历史和入侵现状的基础上,结合国内外的研究进展,提出了防范对策,以保护好近海滩涂、原有红树植物及其他海洋生物资源,维持保护区生态系统的独特性和稳定性。同时也可为其它地区互花米草入侵防治提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Engineering rodents create key habitat for lizards     

A.D. Davidson  D.C. Lightfoot  J.L. McIntyre 《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(12):2142-2149

There is growing recognition among ecologists that ecosystem engineers play important roles in creating habitat for other species, but the comparative and combined effects of co-existing engineers are not well known. Here, we evaluated the separate and interactive effects of two burrowing rodents, Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) and banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis), on lizards in the Chihuahuan Desert grassland (USA). We found that the mounds and burrow systems of both rodent species provided important habitat for lizards, with lizard abundance being 2 to 4-fold higher on mounds than in adjacent areas without mounds. Kangaroo rat mounds supported greater numbers of lizards than prairie dog mounds, but the prairie dog colony with kangaroo rats supported 2-times more lizards than the landscape with only kangaroo rats. A greater number of mound habitats were available for lizards where prairie dogs and kangaroo rats co-occurred, and the rodents created unique structural mound types with different spatial distributions on the landscape. Our results demonstrate the importance of burrowing rodents in creating habitat for other animals, and that the combined effect of ecosystem engineers, especially those with large ecological roles, can be complementary and additive in areas where they co-occur.  相似文献   

Two species of benthopelagic calanoid copepods of the genus Neoscolecithrix Canu, 1896 s.s. from New Zealand and the segregation of Cenognatha n. gen.     

Janet M. Bradford‐Grieve 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):781-793

Two species of benthopelagic calanoid Copepoda, Neoscolecithrix cf. magna (Grice, 1972) and N. ornata n. sp., are described from the upper slope off North Cape, New Zealand. Neoscolecithrix ornata is distinguished from other species of Neoscolecithrix Canu, 1896 s.s. that have a female leg 5 terminal segment with 4 spines (2 terminal and 1 on each border) principally by the transverse row of long, fine spines on the female genital double somite; and by the more squat terminal segment of leg 5 (length/width ratio about 3.7). This is the second time Neoscolecithrix has been recorded from New Zealand. A new genus, Cenognatha n. gen., is distinguished from Neoscolecithrix principally because: rostrum short (bearing 2 filaments); mandibu‐lar gnathobase masticatory margin with slender dorsal spinulose seta; maxilla endite 1 with 5 well‐developed setae, endite 3 without brush‐like sensory seta, endopod usually with 3 long worm‐like sensory setae and 5 brush‐like setae; posterodistal border of basis of legs 1–3 without spines; distal segment of female leg 5 and its basis subequal in length; male leg 5 of similar lengths on both sides (styliform on right), endopod present at least on 1 side, 1‐segmented and spine‐like on right.  相似文献