生物土壤结皮对库布齐沙漠北缘土壤粒度特征的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

肖巍强  董治宝  陈颢  邵天杰  崔徐甲  李超  宋绍鹏  肖南  李露露 《中国沙漠》2017,37(5):970-977

对库布齐沙漠北缘不同发育阶段的生物土壤结皮及其下层土壤粒度特征进行分析。结果表明：流动沙地和藻类结皮表层均以细砂和中砂成分为主,藓类结皮表层以细砂和极细砂为主。生物土壤结皮表层的中粉砂至黏土、粗粉砂和极细砂含量均高于其下层土壤。两种结皮样地均属于分选性较差等级,但结皮下层土壤分选性中等,3类曲线均不对称,属于正偏-极正偏等级,藓类结皮和藻类结皮表层的峰形均属于中等尖锐水平,而流动沙地的曲线尖窄。生物土壤结皮的成土作用随着结皮的发育阶段和土层深度的增加而表现出差异性和复杂性。  相似文献   

Relationship between geoacoustic properties and chemical content of submarine polymetallic crusts from offshore Brazil     

Arthur Ayres Neto  Vanessa Alves da Costa  Clara Pinto Ferreira Maia Porto  Thais Cristina Vargas Garrido  Jean-Pierre Hermand 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):437-449

Abstract

Marine mining is the ocean’s new exploration frontier, and polymetallic crusts (PMCs) and ferromanganese nodules are considered a strategic resource for the future. Acoustic geophysical methods are a valuable tool for oceanic research and have been employed for several decades in the exploration of marine resources and environmental evaluations. The main objective of this work was to investigate the correlation between the chemical composition of PMCs from three different areas along the Brazilian continental margin and their physico-acoustic attributes (P-wave velocity, density and acoustic impedance). The results show that the geoacoustic properties of PMCs are correlated to their chemical composition. Measurements showed positive and negative trends between acoustic impedance and studied elements (Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, W and Ni) according to the direction of measurement, indicting high anisotropy levels. Our study sheds initial light on the correlation between acoustic properties and metal content of PMCs. The study facilitates assessments of the acoustic responses of PMCs allowing more efficient prospection and exploitation compared to ship-board geophysical techniques that are too qualitative to identify PMCs. The results can contribute to determining the best procedures and techniques for more efficient future exploration of this resource.  相似文献   

Effects of biological crust coverage on soil hydraulic properties for the Loess Plateau of China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

Hao Wang  Guanghui Zhang  Fa Liu  Ren Geng  Lunjiang Wang 《水文研究》2017,31(19):3396-3406

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are ubiquitous living covers that have been allowed to grow on abandoned farmlands over the Loess Plateau because the “Grain for Green” project was implemented in 1999 to control serious soil erosion. However, few studies have been conducted to quantify the effects of BSC coverage on soil hydraulic properties. This study was performed to assess the effects of BSC coverage on soil hydraulic properties, which are reflected by the soil sorptivity under an applied pressure of 0 (S ₀ ) and ?3 (S ₃ ) cm, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K _s ), wetting front depth (WFD ), and mean pore radius (λ _m ), for the Loess Plateau of China. Five classes of BSC coverage (i.e., 1–20%, 20–40%, 40–60%, 60–80%, and 80–100%) and a bare control were selected at both cyanobacteria‐ and moss‐covered sites to measure soil hydraulic properties using a disc infiltrometer under 2 consecutive pressure heads of 0 and ?3 cm, allowing the direct calculation of S ₀ , S ₃ , K _s , and λ _m . The WFD was measured onsite using a ruler immediately after the experiments of infiltration. The results indicated that both cyanobacteria and moss crusts were effective in changing the soil properties and impeding soil infiltration. The effects of moss were greater than those of cyanobacteria. Compared to those of the control, the S ₀ , S ₃ , K _s , WFD , and λ _m values of cyanobacteria‐covered soils were reduced by 13.7%, 11.0%, 13.3%, 10.6%, and 12.6% on average, and those of moss‐covered soils were reduced by 27.6%, 22.1%, 29.5%, 22.2%, and 25.9%, respectively. The relative soil sorptivity under pressures of 0 (RS ₀ ) and ?3 (RS ₃ ) cm, the relative saturated hydraulic conductivity (RK _s ), the relative wetting front depth (RWFD ), and the relative mean pore radius (Rλ _m ) decreased exponentially with coverage for both cyanobacteria‐ and moss‐covered soils. The rates of decrease in RS ₀ , RS ₃ , RK _s , RWFD , and Rλ _m of cyanobacteria were significantly slower than those of moss, especially for the coverage of 0–40%, with smaller ranges. The variations of soil hydraulic properties with BSC coverage were closely related to the change in soil clay content driven by the BSC coverage on the Loess Plateau. The results are useful for simulating the hydraulic parameters of BSC‐covered soils in arid and semiarid areas.  相似文献   

多金属结壳生长间断期与磷酸盐化事件的关系     

王洋  方念乔 《海洋学报》2021,43(1):102-109

磷酸盐化的发生会造成多金属结壳主要成矿元素的贫化,总体上抑制结壳的生长.磷酸盐化作用呈幕式在太平洋内发生,已有研究将其发生期次与多金属结壳中的磷酸盐化层位及其P、Ca等元素地球化学特征对应,为结壳的年代厘定提供证据.然而,由于磷酸盐化多次发生且在结壳多个层位中显现,首先需要厘定出较为可靠的多金属结壳年代框架,才能与磷酸...  相似文献