Bacterial and cyanobacterial diversities determined by T-RFLP analyses in the Jiaozhou Bay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

REN Jing  DANG Hongyue  SONG Linsheng  SUN Song  AN Liguo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(4):113-123

1Introduction Bacteriaareactivelyinvolvedinthedecomposi tionanddegradationoforganicmatterandxenobiotic compound,biogeochemicaltransformationsandnu trientrecyclingoflife essentialelements.Owingto freshwaterrunoff,wastewaterdischargeandaquacul turalpractice…  相似文献   

基于环境卫星CCD数据的太湖蓝藻水华监测算法研究     

佴兆骏  段洪涛  朱利  曹志刚  陈晓宁  张玉超  马荣华 《湖泊科学》2016,28(3):624-634

水体富营养化引起的蓝藻水华问题,是我国湖泊面临的主要环境问题,亟需加强现状监测和变化研究;我国自主研发的环境(HJ)卫星空间分辨率高,重访周期短,可用于长时间序列蓝藻水华的动态监测.本文利用HJ卫星CCD数据,通过自动控制散点回归的方法进行相对辐射校正,再将归一化植被指数和像元生长算法相结合,提出了一种可业务化运行的蓝藻水华高精度提取算法.该算法的优点为:(1)水华提取时具有统一的阈值,解决了以往一景影像一个阈值,无法大规模批处理的难题;(2)通过对像元进行线性分解,精度可达到亚像元级别.利用该算法对太湖2009—2014年蓝藻水华进行监测,发现2013—2014年太湖蓝藻水华较以往暴发面积偏小.研究表明,该算法对蓝藻水华识别能力强,自动化程度和水华提取精度高,可作为业务化算法运行.  相似文献   

鲕粒滩中光合作用生物膜构建的高能核形石:以辽西葫芦岛三道沟剖面寒武系张夏组为例     

梅冥相  Khalid Latif  孟晓庆  胡媛 《地质学报》2020,94(4):999-1016

核形石是一种具有双重属性而较为特别的微生物碳酸盐岩:①作为一种包覆颗粒类型,核形石以不平滑的圈层和较大的大小被解释为微生物成因区别于成因存在着较大争议的鲕粒;②作为一种形成在围绕着核心的序列式纹层化作用过程中的球形或椭球型的生物沉积构造,核形石还常常被解释为微生物碳酸盐岩的一种类型而被归为球状叠层石。在辽西葫芦岛三道沟剖面寒武系苗岭统张夏组顶部的块状鲕粒滩相灰岩之中,密集发育着厘米级别大小的高能泥晶核形石。另外,以下重要特征将张夏组鲕粒灰岩中的核形石特征化,包括:①厘米级别的大小;②椭圆形为主的形态学特征;③特征性的纹层状构造;④核形石皮层中普遍发育而且较高密度保存的丝状蓝细菌鞘的钙化化石等等。尽管穿越成岩作用过滤器去解释古代核形石复杂的形成机理将存在着巨大的挑战,也尽管形成这些核形石复杂的生物膜钙化作用机理还没有得到精确的了解,但是,辽西葫芦岛三道沟剖面张夏组中的核形石,直接的微生物化石证据,尤其是在核形石内较为丰富的丝状蓝细菌鞘化石,使其成为一个了解光合作用生物膜建造核形石的典型实例;同时,也为进一步了解形成在水柱中的放射鲕粒以及形成在海底的泥晶核形石之间复杂的形成机理的差异性,提供了一个较为典型的实例。  相似文献   

太湖蓝藻水华遥感动态监测信息系统设计与实现     

王牲  江南  胡斌  魏清字  胡显志 《测绘科学》2010,35(2):164-166,53

对于动态监测太湖蓝藻水华空间分布的业务需求,构建相应遥感动态监测信息系统可以为之提供有力支持。本文从系统总体结构和系统技术流程角度介绍系统的构建思路,并且探讨研发本系统的关键技术。本系统采用系统配置与单体模式技术实现系统架构,并设计良好的数据结构组织影像数据处理过程,同时将当前蓝藻水华遥感信息提取的主要方法应用到系统影像建模中,使得本系统在太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测的业务化运行中取得明显效果。  相似文献   

2005-2017年北部太湖水体叶绿素a和营养盐变化及影响因素   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

朱广伟  秦伯强  张运林  许海  朱梦圆  杨宏伟  李宽意  闵屾  沈睿杰  钟春妮 《湖泊科学》2018,30(2):279-295

利用国家生态观测网络太湖湖泊生态系统研究站对北部太湖14个监测点2005-2017年的营养盐和叶绿素a浓度逐月监测数据,分析了北部太湖2005年以来水体营养盐和叶绿素a变化特征,探讨了叶绿素变化的影响因素.结果表明,2015年以来,北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度呈现显著增高特征,特别是5-7月的蓝藻水华灾害关键期,水体叶绿素a浓度增幅更加明显;营养盐方面,氮、磷对治理的响应完全不同：水体总氮、溶解性总氮、氨氮的降幅很明显,甚至在春末夏初的蓝藻生长旺盛期出现了供给不足的征兆;但水体总磷降幅却不明显,加之蓝藻水华的磷"泵吸作用",近3 a来水体总磷浓度反而有升高趋势,溶解性总磷浓度也无明显下降趋势.不同湖区的营养盐变化也不相同：西北湖区溶解性总氮、溶解性总磷浓度显著高于梅梁湾、贡湖湾和湖心区,而且后3个湖区的水质呈现均一化趋势.统计分析表明,北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度与颗粒氮、颗粒磷、总磷、高锰酸盐指数均呈显著正相关,与溶解态氮呈负相关;5-7月水华关键期北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度与上半年（1-6月）逐日水温积温、总降雨量、年平均水位均呈显著正相关关系.从研究结果可以看出,近年来北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的波动很大程度上受水文气象因子的影响;2007年以来太湖流域一系列生态修复工程的实施,虽然明显降低了湖泊氮浓度,但由于流域和湖体的氮磷本底较高,磷的缓冲能力大,致使水体营养盐水平仍未降到能显著抑制蓝藻生长的水平,年际之间的水文气象条件差异成为蓝藻水华暴发强度差异的主控因素.为此,仍需加大对太湖流域氮、磷负荷的削减,使湖体氮、磷浓度降低到能显著影响蓝藻生长的水平,才能摆脱水文气象条件对蓝藻水华情势的决定作用.  相似文献   

Alkaline phosphatase activity of water column fractions and seagrass in a tropical carbonate estuary, Florida Bay     

Marguerite S. Koch  Demetris C. Kletou  Rosanna Tursi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):403-413

Few phosphorus-depleted coastal ecosystems have been examined for their ability to hydrolyze phosphomonoesters. We examined seasonal (August 2006–April 2007) alkaline phosphatase activity in Florida Bay, a phosphorus-limited shallow estuary, using fluorescent substrate at low concentrations (≤2.0 μM). In situ dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus levels and phosphomonoester concentrations were also determined. Water column alkaline phosphatase activity was partitioned into two particulate size fractions (>1.2 and 0.2–1.2 μm) and freely dissolved enzymes (<0.2 μm). Water column alkaline phosphatase activity was also compared to leaf and epiphyte activity of the dominant tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Our results indicate: (1) potential alkaline phosphatase activity in Florida Bay is high compared to other marine ecosystems, resulting in rapid phosphomonoester turnover times (2 h). (2) Water column alkaline phosphatase activity dominates, and is split equally between particulate and dissolved fractions. (3) Alkaline phosphatase activity was highest during cyanobacterial blooms, but not when normalized to chl a. These results suggest that dissolved, heterotrophic and autotrophic alkaline phosphatase activity is stimulated by phytoplankton blooms. (4) The dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity is relatively constant, while the particulate activity is seasonally and spatially dynamic, typically associated with phytoplankton blooms. (5) Phosphomonoester concentrations throughout the bay are low, even though potential hydrolysis rates are high. We propose that bioavailable dissolved organic P is hydrolyzed by dissolved and microbial alkaline phosphatase enzymes in Florida Bay. High alkaline phosphatase activity in the bay is also promoted by long hydraulic residence times. This background activity is primarily driven by carbon and phosphorus limitation of microorganisms, and regeneration of enzymes associated with cell lysis. Pulses of inorganic phosphorus and labile organic phosphorus and nitrogen may stimulate autotrophs, particularly cyanobacteria, which in turn promote biological activity that increase alkaline phosphatase activity of both autotrophs and heterotrophs in the bay.  相似文献   

大气校正对基于遥感指数提取藻华信息的影响     

张月  肖彧  常晶晶  刘健  王亚琼  贺春燕  何冰 《国土资源遥感》2015,(3)

遥感技术使大范围实时监测蓝藻水华成为可能,但大气效应与太阳、地物及传感器的几何关系会影响辐射传输方程,从而对基于遥感指数的蓝藻信息提取产生影响,因此,探讨这些影响因子对藻华信息的提取精度有着积极意义。基于MODIS大气校正前后2种产品(MOD02和MOD09),利用单波段、比值植被指数、归一化差值植被指数和归一化水体指数4种遥感指数对2006年全年太湖藻华信息进行提取,并定量分析了气溶胶光学厚度、太阳高度角和卫星观测角等因素对遥感指数的影响程度。结果表明:比值植被指数与归一化差值植被指数受大气影响程度较其他二者低,且比值植被指数对大气因素的敏感性较归一化差值植被指数低;气溶胶的光学厚度与太阳高度角在不同程度上对指数提取结果造成影响,因此利用遥感指数提取藻华信息时需谨慎,以避免误判。  相似文献   

Physical and chemical processes promoting dominance of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii     

Michele A. BURFORD  Timothy W. DAVIS 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(4):883-891

The freshwater cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wo?oszyńska) Seenayya and Subba Raju is a common species in lakes and reservoirs globally. In some areas of the world it can produce cyto- and hepatotoxins (cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins), making blooms of this species a serious health concern for humans. In the last 10-15 years, there has been a considerable body of research conducted on the ecology, physiology and toxin production of this species and this paper reviews these studies with a focus on the cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing strains. C. raciborskii has low light requirements, close to neutral buoyancy, and a wide temperature tolerance, giving it the capacity to grow in many lentic waterbodies. It also has a flexible strategy with respect to nitrogen (N) utilisation; being able to switch between utilising fixed and atmospheric N as sources of N fluctuate. Additionally this species has a high phosphate (DIP) affinity and storage capacity. Like many cyanobacteria, it also has the capacity to use dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Changes in nutrient concentrations, light levels and temperature have also been found to affect production of the toxin CYN by this species. However, optimal toxin production does not necessarily occur when growth rates are optimal. Additionally, different strains of C. raciborskii vary in their cell quota of CYN, making it difficult to predict toxin concentrations, based on C. raciborskii cell densities. In summary, the ecological flexibility of this organism means that controlling blooms of C. raciborskii is a difficult undertaking. However, improved understanding of factors promoting the species and toxin production by genetically capable strains will lead to improved predictive models of blooms.  相似文献   

红藻石和蓝藻石概念及分类归属的综述和修订   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘丽  郭荣涛  吴和源  文立坤 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(2):137-141

在分析和总结前人对红藻石和蓝藻石研究成果基础上,结合岩石薄片显微镜下观察实例,发现在以往碳酸盐岩颗粒分类中没有红藻石和蓝藻石的合适位置.鉴于红藻石重要的成因意义和造礁作用,有必要明确红藻石的概念和归属.珊瑚藻本身极易钙化,经生物矿化作用最终保存下来的珊瑚藻屑一直放在生物碎屑中,而红藻石是由非固着的珊瑚藻构成的钙质独立结...  相似文献   

胞外聚合物在蓝细菌钙化过程中的作用及其地质意义     

钟怡江  文华国  陈洪德  刘磊  陈安清  王兴龙  王志伟  白璇 《沉积学报》2022,40(1):88-105

化石记录长达35亿年的蓝细菌在地球历史的生态演化方面发挥了极其重要的作用.与蓝细菌有关的"前寒武纪之谜"等系统性科学问题一直困扰着研究学者.胞外聚合物在蓝细菌钙化起到了至关重要的作用.在分析国内外大量文献基础上,通过系统介绍蓝细菌及胞外聚合物的主要特征,回顾和总结前人在蓝细菌光合作用有关和降解过程中的钙化过程的研究成果...  相似文献