An internally consistent thermodynamic dataset with uncertainties and correlations: 1. Methods and a worked example   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ROGER POWELL  T. J. B. HOLLAND 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1985,3(4):327-342

Abstract This, the first two papers, sets out the philosophy and methods of determining an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for minerals using the least squares method. The applicability of the least squares method is discussed, and it is applied to a small set of experimental equilibria in the system Na₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O. The importance is stressed of defining not only the enthalpies of formation of minerals, but also the uncertainties and the correlations among them. The system which has been used as an illustration for this paper serves as a visual guide to the method, as it is small enough to represent graphically in two dimensions. In the paper which follows, we extend the method to a system of 60 equations (experimentally determined equilibria) involving 34 unknowns (enthalpies of formation of mineral end-members).  相似文献   

An internally consistent thermodynamic dataset with uncertainties and correlations: 2. Data and results   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

T. J. B. HOLLAND  ROGER POWELL 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1985,3(4):343-370

Abstract This, the second of two papers, represents the application of a least squares approach, discussed in the previous paper, to the generation of an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset involving 60 reactions among 43 phases, in the system K₂O–Na₂O–CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–CO₂. We make the assumption that all the thermodynamic data, with the exception of enthalpies of formation of the phases, are well known, and solve for an internally consistent set of enthalpies which reproduces the 60, experimentally determined, phase equilibrium reactions. An important difference between our dataset and that of previous alternatives in the literature is that we are able to determine the uncertainties on, and correlations between, the enthalpies of formation for all phases in the set, and hence are able to apply simple error propagation techniques to determine the uncertainties in any phase equilibrium calculations performed using this dataset. Selection of reactions, for geothermometry and geobarometry, may be more readily made by choosing equilibria with small uncertainties in their thermodynamics. Our data are in reasonably close agreement with the high temperature molten oxide calorimetry results on silicate minerals where available, a fact which lends a degree of confidence to the results.  相似文献   

神东煤炭基地1:50 000活鸡兔幅矿区水文地质图数据集          下载免费PDF全文

李向全  马剑飞  付昌昌 《中国地质》2018,45(S2):13-22

本数据集在1：50 000活鸡兔图幅内综合应用了遥感、地面调查、物探、钻探,以及水化学同位素等多种方法进行数据采集,共完成2期遥感数据解译800 km²,地面调查点377个,丰水期、枯水期地下水水位统测240点次,抽水试验10组,水体样品采集共计127组,水文地质钻探累计进尺600 m。本数据集细化了工作区内第四系孔隙含水层、白垩系洛河组孔隙-裂隙含水层富水等级,填补了侏罗系安定组、直罗组水文地质信息的空白;同时,加入了与采煤相关的次生环境地质要素,并首次将浅层含水层疏干区较为准确地勾画出来,还建立了采煤影响下的地下水的循环模式,突出了矿区水文地质调查的特色。本数据集为矿区水文地质调查工作的规划、部署与总结提供常态化支持,对保障国家能源安全、生态安全具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

关中盆地地下水无机指标数据集(2015年度)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李成柱  马洪云  吴耀国 《中国地质》2018,45(S2):23-29

本数据集包含了2015年在关中盆地采集的200个地下水样品的位置信息、取样层位信息及33项无机地球化学成分测试结果信息。水质综合评价的结果按照地下水质量级别划分,除去10个空白水样,样品中Ⅱ类水2件,Ⅲ类水57件,Ⅳ类水56件,Ⅴ类水75件;按照地下水水质类型划分,淡水111件,半咸水71件,咸水8件。采样过程规范,测试结果均由具备国家认可资质的实验室测试完成,数据质量可靠。关中盆地从盆地边缘至盆地中心,地下水化学类型由HCO₃-Ca型经HCO₃-Ca·Mg·Na型转变为SO₄·Cl-Na型,呈明显的水平分带性规律。水质评价的结果表明,该时段关中盆地地下水质量状况较差,有68.9%的地下水不适于直接饮用。其中Ⅱ-Ⅲ类水主要分布在关中盆地的南部、西部和北部的局部地区;Ⅳ类水主要分布在渭河边、高陵县、泾阳县和乾县;Ⅴ类水主要分布在大荔县、蒲城县、富平县、阎良区、咸阳市区周边、三原县和礼泉县。本数据集可为研究关中盆地地下水循环演化等提供地球化学指标参考。  相似文献   

联合HJ-1/CCD和Landsat8/OLI数据反演黑河中游叶面积指数   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵静  李静  柳钦火  范闻捷  曾也鲁  徐保东  尹高飞 《遥感学报》2015,19(5):733-749

目前制约30 m分辨率地表参数遥感提取的主要因素是有限的观测个数,而联合多传感器观测是提高单位时间观测频次的一个有效途径。本文以黑河中游为研究区,利用HJ-1/CCD和Landsat 8/OLI传感器构建多传感器观测数据集。对多传感器观测数据集在观测周期内的有效观测个数、观测角度和双向反射分布函数BRDF分布特征、以及经过预处理后的多传感器数据一致性等问题进行分析。不同传感器观测数据质量差异是多传感器联合反演的主要问题,因此本文首先制定了多传感器数据质量控制方案,然后利用统一模型查找表反演单传感器叶面积指数LAI结果,对10天观测周期内经过质量筛选的单传感器反演结果采用平均方法合成LAI产品。结果表明,LAI有效反演像元占总反演像元比例由单传感器的6.4%—49.7%提高到多传感器的75.9%。利用地面测量数据进行验证分析,LAI反演结果与地面实测数据的均方根误差RMSE均值为0.71。利用30 m分辨率的HJ-1/CCD和Landsat 8/OLI传感器数据可以生产精度可信、时间分辨率连续的LAI产品。  相似文献   

基于镶嵌数据集的洪水演进动态模拟     

李满  王山东  张晓平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(4):114-115,118

为使洪水演进中计算得到的枯燥的水文数据变得直观形象,进一步丰富洪水演进可视化手段,以离散水深点数据为基础,采用两种空间插值方法,对比了不同插值方法所生成栅格的优劣,选用合适的插值方法创建水深栅格,并通过构建镶嵌数据集实现了洪水的动态演进和可视化,直观形象地模拟了洪水演进的过程,为防洪减灾决策提供技术支持。  相似文献   

基于TIGGE资料的集合成员优选方法          下载免费PDF全文

毕潇潇  智协飞  林春泽 《大气科学学报》2015,38(3):414-420

利用2007年6月8日—8月31日东亚地区TIGGE集合预报资料中欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)和英国气象局(United Kingdom M et Office,UKM O)两个中心的地面2 m气温资料进行集合成员优选研究。结果表明,对于24~96 h预报,集合成员优选方法能够较好地选出预报技巧较高和预报技巧较低的集合成员。个例分析表明,在极端天气出现的地区,优选集合平均的预报优势较为明显。对比ECMWF和UKMO的集合成员优选结果发现,ECMWF的预报效果优于UKMO的预报效果。  相似文献   

Identifying tropical dry forests extent and succession via the use of machine learning techniques     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Information on ecosystem services as a function of the successional stage for secondary tropical dry forests (TDFs) is scarce and limited. Secondary TDFs succession is defined as regrowth following a complete forest clearance for cattle growth or agriculture activities. In the context of large conservation initiatives, the identification of the extent, structure and composition of secondary TDFs can serve as key elements to estimate the effectiveness of such activities. As such, in this study we evaluate the use of a Hyperspectral MAPper (HyMap) dataset and a waveform LIDAR dataset for characterization of different levels of intra-secondary forests stages at the Santa Rosa National Park (SRNP) Environmental Monitoring Super Site located in Costa Rica. Specifically, a multi-task learning based machine learning classifier (MLC-MTL) is employed on the first shortwave infrared (SWIR1) of HyMap in order to identify the variability of aboveground biomass of secondary TDFs along a successional gradient. Our paper recognizes that the process of ecological succession is not deterministic but a combination of transitional forests types along a stochastic path that depends on ecological, edaphic, land use, and micro-meteorological conditions, and our results provide a new way to obtain the spatial distribution of three main types of TDFs successional stages.  相似文献   

基于MARS的模式数据精细化服务平台设计     

刘立明  常飚 《气象科技》2017,45(2):240-246

针对传统模式数据服务的缺陷和弊端,按照互联网+思维,研究模式数据的分类和特点,深入分析各模式数据的类型、层次、时间、时次、数据中心、要素、时次、时效、区域、分辨率之间的关联,设计数据配置以及数据配置项与MARS命令脚本的转换算法。从易用性角度进行了流程设计、数据库设计、功能设计、页面设计,根据用户使用行为设计一个基于B/S的数据服务平台,实现了用户按需进行精细化获取数据的系统,降低了数据服务人员的工作强度,提高了业务用户和科研用户的工作效率。  相似文献   

Global land mapping of satellite-observed CO2 total columns using spatio-temporal geostatistics     

Zhao-Cheng Zeng  Liping Lei  Kimberly Strong  Dylan B. A. Jones  Lijie Guo  Min Liu 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2017,10(4):426-456

ABSTRACT

This study presents an approach for generating a global land mapping dataset of the satellite measurements of CO₂ total column (XCO₂) using spatio-temporal geostatistics, which makes full use of the joint spatial and temporal dependencies between observations. The mapping approach considers the latitude-zonal seasonal cycles and spatio-temporal correlation structure of XCO₂, and obtains global land maps of XCO₂, with a spatial grid resolution of 1° latitude by 1° longitude and temporal resolution of 3 days. We evaluate the accuracy and uncertainty of the mapping dataset in the following three ways: (1) in cross-validation, the mapping approach results in a high correlation coefficient of 0.94 between the predictions and observations, (2) in comparison with ground truth provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), the predicted XCO₂ time series and those from TCCON sites are in good agreement, with an overall bias of 0.01?ppm and a standard deviation of the difference of 1.22?ppm and (3) in comparison with model simulations, the spatio-temporal variability of XCO₂ between the mapping dataset and simulations from the CT2013 and GEOS-Chem are generally consistent. The generated mapping XCO₂ data in this study provides a new global geospatial dataset in global understanding of greenhouse gases dynamics and global warming.  相似文献