THE ANALYSIS OF MECHANISM OF IMPACT OF AEROSOLS ON EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON INDEX AND ONSET     

沈新勇  黄文彦  陈宏波 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(4):357-367

RegCM4.3, a high-resolution regional climate model, which includes five kinds of aerosols(dust, sea salt,sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon), is employed to simulate the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) from 1995 to 2010 and the simulation data are used to study the possible impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on EASM.The results show that the regional climate model can well simulate the EASM and the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols. The EASM index is reduced by about 5% by the natural and anthropogenic aerosols and the monsoon onset time is also delayed by about a pentad except for Southeast China. The aerosols heat the middle atmosphere through absorbing solar radiation and the air column expands in Southeast China and its offshore areas. As a result, the geopotential height decreases and a cyclonic circulation anomaly is generated in the lower atmosphere. Northerly wind located in the west of cyclonic circulation weakens the low-level southerly wind in the EASM region. Negative surface radiative forcing due to aerosols causes downward motion and an indirect meridional circulation is formed with the low-level northerly wind and high-level southerly wind anomaly in the north of 25° N in the monsoon area, which weakens the vertical circulation of EASM. The summer precipitation of the monsoon region is significantly reduced,especially in North and Southwest China where the value of moisture flux divergence increases.  相似文献   

WINTERTIME MIDDLE EAST SUBTROPICAL WESTERLY JET STREAM INTERANNUAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS POSSIBLE PHYSICAL FACTORS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴玲玲  张建伟  邓伟涛  倪东鸿 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(4):380-395

Using National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE) monthly reanalysis data and an extended reconstruction of the sea surface temperature data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the basic characteristics of the interannual variation in the wintertime Middle East subtropical westerly jet stream (MEJ) and its possible physical factors are studied. The results show that the climatological mean MEJ axis extends southwestward-northeastward and that its center lies in the northwest part of the Arabian Peninsula. The south-north shift of the MEJ axis and its intensity show obvious interannual variations that are closely related to the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the mid-high latitude atmospheric circulation. The zonal symmetric response of the Asian jet to the ENSO-related tropical convective forcing causes the MEJ axis shift, and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) causes the middle-western MEJ axis shift. Due to the influences of both the zonal symmetric response of the Asian jet to the ENSO-related tropical convective forcing and the dynamical role of the AO, an east-west out-of-phase MEJ axis shift is observed. Furthermore, the zonal asymmetric response to the ENSO-related tropical convective forcing can lead to an anomalous Mediterranean convergence (MC) in the high troposphere. The MC anomaly excites a zonal wave train along the Afro-Asian jet, which causes the middle-western MEJ axis shift. Under the effects of both the zonal symmetric response to the ENSO-related tropical convective forcing and the wave train along the Afro-Asian jet excited by the MC anomaly, an east-west in-phase MEJ axis shift pattern is expressed. Finally, the AO affects the MEJ intensity, whereas the East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection influences the middle-western MEJ intensity. Under the dynamical roles of the AO and EA, the change in the MEJ intensity is demonstrated.  相似文献   

印度洋冬季风异常海气环流耦合模态分析     

张东凌  卢姁  张铭 《大气科学》2017,41(5):975-987

本文对印度洋冬季风异常海气环流耦合主要模态做了分析和讨论,得到以下结果:第一模态海面和低空大气环流的异常主要发生在东印度洋海域上空,而上层大洋环流的异常则主要反映了印度洋冬季风环流的异常,并主要体现在西向赤道暖流和东向赤道逆流上。第二模态的大气环流相应异常主要发生在孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海和赤道印度洋上空,而上层大洋环流异常除与第一模态类似外,还包括索马里暖流的明显异常。第一、二模态分别是印度洋冬季风的偏东、偏西模态,也是其主、次模态;均有约4年的年际变化,还分别有约18、22年的年代际变化;该主、次模态分别在1976年及1976、1986年有突变发生;这样印度洋冬季风有约4年的年际变化,并在1976年出现明显突变。该主、次模态的年代际变化周期也是冬季北太平洋海气联合复EOF分解第二、第一模态的年代际变化周期,这反映两大洋之间有密切联系,这是因冬季蒙古西伯利亚高压是南亚、东亚冬季风的共同源头,对两大洋的大气环流异常都有明显影响。南亚冬季风偏强时印度洋的Hadley环流和赤道辐合带上的对流均偏强,反之亦然;且该冬季风的主、次模态都如此;这也反映了南亚冬季风大气环流异常与冬季热带大气环流异常之间的耦合关系。当该主、次模态发生正、负异常变化时,近表层热带印度洋海温异常分别呈现横贯大洋的南北向跷跷板变化以及大洋东、西向的跷跷板变化;但前者是主要的。印度洋冬季风对印度洋偶极子起着抑制作用,这是该偶极子在冬季最弱的原因。在热带印度洋,大气低空垂直运动下沉、上升区域都分别大致位于该大洋近表层的下沉、上升运动区域之上,这构成了海气相互作用的负反馈机制,并有助于南亚冬季风、Hadley环流、赤道辐合带以及印度洋中冬季风环流的维持和稳定。  相似文献   

Seasonal Cycles,Hypoxia, and Renewal in a Coastal Fjord (Barkley Sound,British Columbia)     

R. Pawlowicz 《大气与海洋》2017,55(4-5):264-283

The west coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI) is an important marine ecosystem in which concentrations of dissolved oxygen can reach hypoxic levels at certain times of the year. Although the general features of its oceanography are well understood, little is known in particular about the seasonal cycle of oxygen in shelf areas and its interannual variability. It is possible that high temporal resolution monitoring efforts could be carried out relatively easily in sheltered fjords adjacent to the shelf, but the linkages between conditions in these fjords and those on the shelf are also not known. Here a 10-year time series of monthly hydrographic stations in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, is used to identify the seasonal cycle of temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll fluorescence in a WCVI fjord. Analysis suggests that there is a standard estuarine circulation in surface and near-surface waters of the Sound, as well as a deep renewal cycle in intermediate and deep waters, and that the two are largely independent. The deep basin in the Sound undergoes annual summer renewals in response to wind-driven upwelling on the shelf, separated by stagnation and hypoxia during fall, winter, and spring downwelling periods. Other than for the stagnant deep waters in winter, residence times in different parts of the Sound are only a few weeks. Barkley Sound characteristics thus adjust rapidly to shelf conditions, and inshore measurements can be used with care as a proxy for some shelf properties. However, phytoplankton biomass does not appear to be affected by the onset of deep renewal and the associated reversal of along-shore winds and instead responds to local factors. Finally, once the seasonal cycle has been accounted for, interannual variations in temperature, density, and dissolved oxygen are uncoupled, possibly in response to longer-term changes in the characteristics of source waters offshore and/or to changes in shelf processes.  相似文献   

湖北省夏季不同阶段强降水及其大气低频特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

肖莺  任永建  杜良敏 《气象》2017,43(1):77-83

利用1961-2014年湖北省68站逐日降水资料和美国国家海洋和大气管理局环流资料,对比分析了湖北省夏季梅雨期和盛夏期低频强降水事件的基本特征、大气环流形势和低频信号传播特征。结果表明:(1)湖北省夏季降水存在显著的准双周低频周期。(2)相较于盛夏期,梅雨期低频强降水事件次数多,强度强。(3)梅雨期和盛夏期低频强降水事件发生期间的环流形势有着显著的差异。梅雨期,对流层中层东亚沿岸为南北向的波列分布,低层受强索马里越赤道气流和副热带高压外围西南气流共同影响,水汽条件好,东亚存在鞍型场,流场变形,利于形成中尺度气旋系统;盛夏期,对流层中层为欧亚波列分布,低层索马里越赤道气流弱,主要受副热带高压外围水汽输送的影响,日本海以西地区有一异常气旋,其西侧的偏北气流与暖湿气流在30°N附近交汇维持。(4)在强降水事件发生前后,对流层低层的低频正涡度传播特征有较大差异,在梅雨期表现为驻波特征,盛夏期传播更为明显,表现为向西、向南向北传播。  相似文献   

贵州省秋季雨日时空变化及其与大气环流的关系     

严小冬  宋燕  夏阳  龙园  杨春艳 《气象》2017,43(9):1064-1072

利用贵州省81站1964—2013年秋季(9—11月)雨日数及美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料,借助Morlet小波、合成分析等相关诊断方法,对贵州省秋季雨日数时空特征及其与大气环流的关系进行了分析。结果表明:贵州省秋季雨日数分布由东南部向西北部逐渐增多,一般在30.0~52.3 d。近50年秋季全省平均雨日数为40.5 d,总体呈减少趋势,每10年雨日数减少1.9 d。秋季雨日数突变发生在1987年前后,1964—1987年为偏多时段,1988—2013年为偏少时段,其中1997年以后减少趋势最为明显。近50年贵州秋季雨日序列存在准5 a和2~3 a的振荡周期,其中准5 a振荡最为显著。当贵州秋季雨日异常偏多时,南海上空的水汽通量在贵州地区辐合抬升,来自低纬地区的暖湿空气输送更加活跃,东亚大槽偏强,低纬度地区槽脊略有加深,贵州处于印缅槽前,偏南气流强盛,从而有利于冷、暖空气在贵州地区交汇,形成阴雨天气,造成贵州秋季雨日数异常偏多;反之亦然。  相似文献   

2015年湖南冬汛成因分析     

张剑明  廖玉芳  蒋元华 《气象》2017,43(10):1186-1197

本文基于气象观测资料、再分析资料和国家气候中心提供的百项气候系统指数集,利用气候事件机理诊断和气候统计等方法,重点从降水背景、大尺度环流异常及外强迫因子对气候异常影响,分析2015 年湖南罕见冬汛及其成因机制,本文对2015年湖南冬汛及其可能成因进行了分析,结果表明：（1）2015年11月湖南省平均降水量偏多1.6倍,为1961年以来同期第一高位,其中湘东南部分地区降水量超过250 mm,出现气象洪涝。（2）在湖南11月降水处于偏多的年代际背景下,大气环流异常是导致湖南发生冬汛的最直接的原因,2015年11月西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西,引导来自印度洋、太平洋地区水汽向东亚地区输送,加上西路冷空气影响导致11月降水异常偏多。（3）在PDO暖位相时发生的El Ni〖AKn~D〗o事件可能是湖南降水异常的重要外强迫条件,赤道中东太平洋和印度洋海表温度异常偏高,导致该区域上空出现强的异常上升运动,而在海洋性大陆区域上空出现了一个异常下沉气流区,这有利于西太平洋副热带高压的加强、西伸,在东亚低纬地区上空出现异常下沉气流区,中纬地区上空出现异常上升气流区,造成该区域强烈的异常辐合,导致该地区持续阴雨天气。  相似文献   

江南春雨的时空分布特征及其旱涝年环流差异          下载免费PDF全文

王黎娟  高龙龙 《大气科学学报》2017,40(3):310-320

利用1979—2010年中国753站逐日降水资料,定义了江南春雨时间范围(12—27候)和空间范围(110~120°E,23~30°N),并通过EOF方法分析了江南春雨的时空分布特征,得到3个主要模态:全区一致型、南北反相型和东西反相型。在此基础上,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料合成分析了江南春雨的旱涝年的环流差异。结果表明:江南春雨偏涝年,上游青藏高原东南侧的西南风增强,西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸,有利于来自副高南侧的水汽与高原南侧的水汽汇合向江南地区输送,而江南地区的上升运动也明显加强,有利于江南地区降水的产生。进一步分析发现在春雨期涝年青藏高原的热源强度明显强于旱年,导致高原东南侧的绕流增强,进而有利于江南地区的降水,而旱年情况大致相反。此外,比较旱涝年西太平洋—东亚大陆之间的纬向海陆热力差异发现,涝年大约在第11候发生冷热源的反转,旱年则在第16候反转。涝年江南地区春雨期热源强度也明显强于旱年,进一步说明江南地区冷热源的反转以及增强对于江南地区的降水具有重要的作用,同时对于判定江南春雨的季风降水性质具有重要指示意义。  相似文献   

中国华北地区冬季降水异常特征及其与大气环流和海温的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙照渤  刘华  倪东鸿 《大气科学学报》2017,40(5):577-586

利用1951—2012年中国冬季160站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及NOAA海温资料,分析了中国华北地区冬季降水的异常变化特征及其与大气环流和海温的关系。结果表明:华北地区冬季降水主要呈现为全区一致变化的特征,且年际变率较大,具有2~4 a的年际变化周期。降水异常偏多(少)年,西伯利亚高压偏弱(强),阿留申低压偏弱(强),850 h Pa上华北地区盛行的西北风较弱(强),控制该地区的东亚冬季风偏弱(强),该地区有偏南(北)风距平,500 h Pa上东亚槽脊系统偏弱(强)。影响华北地区冬季降水的异常水汽主要来源于南海及其以东的西太平洋。前期夏季日本以东的西风漂流区、同期冬季近海的黄渤海区域的海温均与中国华北地区冬季降水存在显著的正相关关系。  相似文献   

基于FMM算法的夏秋季登陆中国热带气旋路径分类及特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

耿焕同  谢佩妍  史达伟  李俊徽 《大气科学学报》2017,40(3):390-400

利用有限混合模型FMM聚类算法,将1951—2012年夏秋季(6—11月)登陆我国的热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC)路径数据集分为三类,并对三类不同路径TC的季节变化、发生频数、环流形势等特征进行对比分析。研究表明,每类TC存在明显的特征差异:1)在夏季,第一、二类TC出现频数高于第三类,但在秋季第三类TC发生频数最高。2)第一类TC生成位置偏北,强度较强,生命史较长,路径略有向北发展的趋势,影响区域最广;第二类TC生命史最短,主要影响我国两广、福建一带;第三类TC生命史最长,路径略向西北方向发展。3)第一类TC在生成和消亡时的辐合程度最强,且副高脊线西伸脊点位置偏北;第二类TC在消亡时低层辐合最弱,且副高脊线西伸脊点位置偏西;第三类TC在生成时纬向风垂直切变最强,且副高脊线西伸脊点位置偏东南。  相似文献