基于A- CGAN的深反射地震数据随机噪声压制方法研究     

韩建光  王卿  许媛  刘志伟 《地质论评》2023,69(4):2023040015-2023040015

基于深度学习的地震数据噪声压制方法是当前地震数据去噪处理的重要方向。深度学习方法突破了传统滤波处理的局限,在对常规地震数据的噪声压制中表现出效率高、信噪分离效果好的特点。但针对深部弱有效反射数据,当前的深度学习方法特征提取能力有限,难以取得较好的去噪效果。笔者等结合深反射地震数据特点,针对当前深度学习噪声压制方法在特征提取及对数据集依赖上的局限,提出了基于注意力循环生成对抗网络(Attention Cycle- Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks,A- CGAN)的深反射地震数据随机噪声压制方法。借助循环一致生成对抗网络(Cycle- Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks,Cycle- GAN)的域映射思想,降低对数据集的要求。为了构建适用于深反射地震数据的去噪网络,从3个方面对Cycle- GAN进行改进：在Cycle- GAN的生成器（去噪器）中加入残差结构和注意力机制,用于加深网络深度和提高其特征提取能力;在Cycle- GAN的鉴别器中使用块判决,提高鉴别精度和准确度;在损失函数部分加入感知一致性损失函数,提升网络模型恢复纹理细节信息的能力。通过合成地震数据和实际深反射地震数据测试,验证了优化算法的有效性,体现了良好的应用价值。  相似文献   

南海北部神狐海域细粒储层矿物组分对天然气水合物储集赋存的影响     

徐小蕾  白辰阳  苏丕波  马倩  张宇  梁金强 《地质论评》2023,69(6):2023060012-2023060012

为了探明矿物类型对于天然气水合物成藏的影响,笔者等利用南海北部神狐海域W07站位样品及其水合物饱和度数据,进行XRD全岩和黏土矿物测试分析、比表面积分析以及束缚水能力综合分析。结果表明,海床下110~127 m（即110~127 mbsf,meters below sea floor, 海床以下深度）为水合物储层段,海床下127~156 m为非水合物储层段。通过XRD分析可知,高石英及长石含量,低伊蒙混层含量的层段,比表面积与束缚水能力较低,说明其具有相对较好的孔渗条件,为水合物的运移与储集提供了良好的空间条件,因此形成水合物储层段;而在高伊蒙混层的层段中,比表面积较大,束缚水能力较强,其对甲烷气体及流体的吸附和束缚能力较强,对水合物成藏起到潜在的封隔作用,成为非储层段,储层与非储层段纵向叠置序列有利于优质水合物储层的形成。本次研究总结了矿物组分与优质水合物储层之间的关系,并揭示两者存在的潜在成因联系,以期丰富水合物富集成藏的基础理论,对未来南海北部天然气水合物的商业化开发提供支持。  相似文献   

高温水基钻井液研究及应用进展     

徐蒙 《地质与勘探》2023,59(4):901-908

向地球深部进军是我国必须要解决的战略性科技问题,深部钻探是精准探测地球深部的直接手段。随着探测地球深度的增加,深部钻探工程面临着更加复杂的高温高压钻进环境,对高温钻井液的性能提出了更高的要求。近年来,高温钻井液取得了快速发展,国外的高温钻井液抗温能力已超过260℃,而国内高温钻井液技术也在加速发展,目前仍以“三磺”、“聚磺”体系为主,抗高温能力在240℃左右。本文在对比国内外高温水基钻井液进展的基础上,分析总结了国内外主流高温处理剂及高温水基钻井液的种类、功能与工程应用情况,探讨了其在工程应用中存在的问题以及未来的技术发展方向等。提出了未来国内深部钻探高温钻井液面临的关键问题及优先发展方向,主要有研制与优化耐260℃以上高温的处理剂与钻井液体系、开发配套耐高温仪器与系统、控制经济成本以及保护生态环境等方面,将为我国未来实施的万米深地钻探工程奠定技术基础。  相似文献   

深部探测揭示壳幔结构及其资源能源效应——“中国大陆典型地区深部地质调查”专辑特邀主编寄语     

严加永 《地球学报》2022,43(6):737-743

地球深部结构变化、物质以及能量交换等地球动力学过程, 是地球系统最主要的动力来源, 诱发地表地貌变化、剥蚀、沉积作用和环境变迁, 以及地震、滑坡等自然灾害, 控制化石能源和地热等自然资源的分布, 是理解成山、成盆、成岩、成矿、成藏和致灾等过程成因机制的核心。为探索中国大陆深部结构和资源能源效应, 在党中央“向地球深部进军”的号召下, 中国地质调查局于2016年开始设立了深部地质调查工程。工程以抢占大陆基础地质研究国际制高点, 引领深部地质研究前沿为宗旨, 选择我国资源、能源重要基地, 重大地质边界和关键构造单元, 开展了地球物理为主的深部探测和综合研究。获取了华南陆块等重要地质单元岩石圈精细结构, 研究了班公湖—怒江缝合带重大地质边界性质及空间展布, 在松辽盆地、西北盆山结合带等地发现和提取了一批与深部成矿、成藏和清洁能源有关信息。为进一步推动地质调查向深部进军, 促进从二维地表地质调查到三维空间地质调查的转变, 《地球学报》组织了“中国大陆典型地区深部地质调查”专辑。本专辑集中报道了深部地质调查近三年取得的部分阶段性进展和成果, 主要聚焦深部地质调查在揭示地球深部结构, 及其对浅部构造和资源能源的控制, 服务地球深部探测和新一轮找矿突破战略。  相似文献   

构造-沉积分异原理及其地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

何登发  包洪平  高山林  李涤 《古地理学报》2022,24(5):920-936

构造-沉积分异是地球表层的常见地质现象,发生于沉积盆地、造山带与克拉通等岩石圈构造单元,表现为岩石圈的深、中、浅层始终发生着沉积物、流体、能量与力的交换与分异过程。文中从物质组成、时空分布与力学机制等方面阐述构造-沉积分异的基本特征,并以中国沉积盆地为例进行分析。作者首先将构造-沉积分异定义为“由构造应力、热力、重力、地幔动力等因素引起地表地形差异,从而导致沉积物源、搬运体系与沉积作用变化的过程”;认为构造-沉积分异发生在不同尺度的洋-陆系统、盆-山系统、隆-坳系统、凸-凹系统与高-低地貌系统,受基底结构、强度与活动性的明显控制,构造应力、重力、热力、地幔动力等控制了该分异机制; 强调随时间演变出现构造-沉积分异演化旋回,表现为伸展期裂陷向聚敛期隆坳转变,碳酸盐岩分异台地向统一台地转变。上述控制因素与机制在时空上可以发生复合,导致多类构造-沉积分异作用出现。研究构造-沉积分异作用,可以为重建地球历史、加快矿产资源勘查和改善人类宜居环境做出贡献。  相似文献   

Process and Mechanisms of Deep Fluid Effects on Hydrocarbon Generation and Pore Space in Shale: A Case Study from the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan Section     

MENG Qingqiang  PANG Qian  HU Guang  JIN Zhijun  ZHU Dongy  LIU Jiayi  ZHANG Chuanwen 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(4):1342-1352

Heat carried by deep fluid might greatly affect hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale. Dyke intrusion carrying high levels of heat may be a means by which to explore the influence of deep fluid on shale reservoirs. This study evaluates hydrocarbon generation and analyzed the evolution of shale storage space in the third member of the Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan section, Hebei Province, based on experimental data such as TOC, SEM, VRo, low-temperature N2 adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection. The results show that the dyke intrusion reduced the shale TOC content drastically―by up to 77%―and also induced instantaneous hydrocarbon generation over a range about 1.4 times the thickness of the intrusion. Furthermore, the dyke intrusion might transform organic pores in surrounding shales into inorganic pores. There were two shale porosity peaks: one appeared when VRo = 2.0%, caused by the increase of organic pores as thermal maturity increased, the other occurred when the VRo value was between 3% and 4%, caused by the increase of inorganic mineral pores. It can be concluded that dyke intrusion can be an effective tool with which to study how deep fluid affects instantaneous hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale.  相似文献   

Experimental Simulation Study of the Dominant Enrichment Area of Terrestrial Organic Matter in the Shallow-Delta Sedimentary System of the Yacheng Formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin     

XU Xinde  YANG Xibing  QU Tong  GAO Gang  LIANG Gang  LI Xing 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(5):1693-1703

Shallow-delta sedimentary systems receive both terrestrial and marine organic matter. As oil and gas exploration activities determine that the source rocks of the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, are generally rich in and even dominated by terrestrial organic matter, this has led many researchers to examine the rules governing terrestrial organic matter enrichment in shallow-delta sea sedimentary systems. However, the deep burial of source rocks in deep-water areas and the relatively small amount of drilling undertaken have greatly restricted the study of these rules. In this study, the ‘forward modeling’ research method was used to observe and analyze the deposition and preservation of terrestrial organic matter through flume experiments, where the depositional results were carefully depicted and sampled. The total organic carbon content of selected samples was measured and when combined with qualitative observations and quantitative comparison results, the dominant enrichment areas of terrestrial organic matter were identified. The experimental results show that the overbank parts of the delta front, the dune countercurrent surface, the low-lying parts, the delta front slope area and the shallow-prodelta sea area are where terrestrial organic matter is predominantly enriched. This provides an important basis and guidance for the prediction of the development areas of marine source rocks with terrestrial input in the deep-water areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin.  相似文献   

Crustal Electrical Structure and Deep Metallogenic Potential in Northern Wuyi Area (South China), based on Magnetotelluric Data     

LUO Fan  LU Qingtian  ZHANG Kun  YAN Jiayong  Colin G. FARQUHARSON  ZHANG Chong  FU Guangming 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(3):791-805

The northern Wuyi area, which is located in the northern Wuyi metallogenic belt, has superior mineralization conditions. The Pingxiang–Guangfeng–Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault (PSF) extends across the whole region regardless of whether or how the PSF relates to the near-surface mineralization. We carried out an MT survey in the region and obtained a reliable 2D model of the crustal electrical structure to a depth of 30 km. In the resistivity model, we inferred that a continuous high conductivity belt that ranges from the shallow to deep crust is a part of the PSF. Then, we estimated the fluid content and pressure gradient to identify the deep sources of fluid as well as its pattern of motion pattern. Finally, we proposed a model for the deep metallogenic migration processes that combines geological data, fluid content data, pressure gradient data, and the subsurface resistivity model. The model analysis showed that the Jiangnan orogenic belt and the Cathaysia block formed the PSF during the process of com. The deep fluid migrated upward through the PSF to the shallow crust. Therefore, we believe that the PSF is an ore-forming fluid migration channel and that it laid the material basis for large-scale mineralization in the shallow crust.  相似文献   

基坑开挖对涉支护结构下穿盾构隧道变形的三维模拟与影响规律研究     

谢晟  韦巡洲 《江苏地质》2022,46(2):214-220

依托某大厦基坑支护工程项目,研究深厚软土地层中基坑开挖对涉支护结构下穿盾构隧道变形的影响规律。采用三维有限元数值模拟分析隧道顶部支护桩的长度对支护结构变形和隧道隆起的影响,并将数值模拟结果与现场监测结果进行对比。结果表明：深厚软土地层中基坑开挖对下穿盾构隧道产生了较大的隆起变形;因下穿隧道的影响,隧道顶部支护桩嵌固深度的减小对支护结构的变形和下穿隧道的隆起会产生重要影响,当支护桩底与隧道顶的竖向间距S＞4 m或支护桩边缘与隧道边缘的水平间距S1＞4 m 时,支护桩的踢脚位移和下穿隧道的隆起变形迅速增加。研究成果可为类似工程提供应用参考和理论支撑。  相似文献   

基于深部地球物理信息的构造变形岩相分类研究     

张宝林  吕古贤  余建国  梁光河  李志远  徐兴旺  胡宝群  王红才  毕珉峰  焦建刚  王翠芝 《地学前缘》2022,29(1):413-426

“构造变形岩相”填图方法的创立和应用为老矿区深部及外围的找矿工作指明了方向,在实践中取得了显著的效果,需要大力推广和深入研究。对于构造变形岩相带的深部结构认识,需要依靠地球物理信息的解译。与地球物理场性质相类似,构造变形岩相带也是一个现存的地质体;物探工作目的是要探测和揭示构造变形岩相带的埋深、轮廓、内部结构构造等特征,为确定其形成时间和演化过程提供依据。由于地质与地球物理的复杂时空关系,如果仅以新鲜岩石标本物性参数的差异作为判别标志,难以提高地球物理方法的分辨率和有效性。结合构造变形岩相进行综合解译,更能提高解释推断成果的多学科融合性。作为终极勘探目标,需要紧密结合构造控矿级序,建立构造变形岩相带的三级分类标准,提取对应的地球物理信息:一级构造变形岩相带为目标物所处的构造单元及构造应力场,及其所对应的区域地球物理场特征,如隆凹构造相间的伸展构造域;二级构造变形岩相带为目标物所处的控矿构造体系,及其所对应的矿田地球物理场特征,如岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造系统;三级构造变形岩相带为目标物所在的有利成矿构造部位,及其所对应于关键剖面的地球物理特征,如侵入岩体与围岩的接触带或者含矿断裂带等。选择国际流行的典型金属矿床类型,介绍了三级构造变形岩相带的地球物理组合信息特征及其分级利用操作流程,为有效应用地球物理勘探方法开展深部找矿预测提供了范例。  相似文献