好氧强化降解湖底有机碎屑的初步研究     

刘苏  潘继征  张丽君  张占恩  柯凡  李文朝 《湖泊科学》2014,26(3):365-370

以巢湖湖底有机碎屑为研究对象,基于对有机碎屑中总有机碳的测定,研究了利用好氧强化降解湖底有机碎屑.研究了有机碎屑的可生化性及好氧强化降解湖底有机碎屑的效果,并讨论了有机碎屑的浓度及曝气量对其降解效果的影响.结果说明,处理的有机碎屑具有较好的可生化性,在反应30 h左右,降解达到了平衡,总去除率达到了50.69%,降解速率常数K₂₅为0.19 h^-1.有机碎屑的浓度以及曝气量对降解效果具有一定的影响.强化好氧法与传统的对底泥处理的方法相比具有更快、更好的效果,为预防及治理水体黑臭现象提供了新的途径.  相似文献   

西北冰洋表层沉积物中生源和陆源粗组分及其沉积环境   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙烨忱  王汝建  肖文申  陈建芳  程振波  陈志华  高爱国  李洪亮 《海洋学报》2011,33(2):103-114

通过中国第1至第3次北极科学考察在北冰洋西部所采集的99个表层沉积物中生源与陆源粗组分的分析,研究了该海域表层生产力的变化,有机质来源以及陆源粗颗粒物质的输入方式和影响因素.研究区域生源组分所反映的表层生产力变化与通过白令海峡进入楚科奇海的3股太平洋洋流密切相关.楚科奇海西侧高盐高营养盐的阿纳德尔流流经区域,表层生产力...  相似文献   

Sandy beach macrofaunal communities on the western coast of Portugal – Is there a steady structure under similar exposed conditions?     

Sílvia C. Gonalves  Pedro M. Anastcio  Miguel A. Pardal  Patrícia G.Cardoso  Susana M. Ferreira  Joo C. Marques 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,81(4):555-568

The structure of macrofaunal communities at two similar exposed sandy beaches on the western coast of Portugal was monitored for approximately 18 months by sampling all the beach area, from the shoreline to the base of the dunes. The beaches’ physical environment, as well as community density and composition, seasonal variations and the potential relationships between biological data and environmental parameters were studied. The two beaches had similar exposure to wave action, but differed in terms of sediment grain size, extent of the intertidal area, sediment moisture content and, especially, in the potential food availability in the form of allochthonous debris. Differences were observed with regard to the communities’ structure, namely regarding composition and relative contribution of the dominant species. Seasonality, especially temperature variations, and the interaction between seasons and the beach zones (supralittoral vs. intertidal) also had a strong influence on communities: controlling dominant species’ density and the horizontal distribution of the dominant species, and promoting a differential utilization of the beach by several resident macrofaunal animals. The present study allows the identification of key species in exposed sandy beaches of western Portugal and demonstrates that a steady community structure does not persist in the similarly exposed conditions observed, which may be mainly a response to distinct detritus subsidies, combined with differences in sediment grain size, sediment moisture content and extent of the intertidal area.  相似文献   

Iron content of the otoliths of tarakihi (Teleostei: Cheilodactylidae)     

R. W. Gauldie  Adrienne Nathan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):179-191

The otoliths (sagittae) of 1076 tarakihi Cheilodactylus macropterus collected from around the whole of New Zealand during 1968–69 were examined for heavy metal content by atomic absorption spectrometry. Copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, and zinc did not occur in significant quantities, but iron was present in amounts ranging from 0.5 μg to 7.0 μg per otolith. The iron appears to be largely contained in the nucleus of the otolith. Variations in iron content per otolith indicate three regions where iron content is similar: a northern region (mean 3.39 μg; σ² = 1.35; n = 260); a central region (mean 1.92 μg; σ² = 1.32; n = 741); and a southern region (mean 0.96 μg; σ² = 0.45; n = 75). The significance of this regional variation, in otolith iron to the biology of the fish is not known, but may be linked by either heredity or environment to subpopulations of the fish.  相似文献   

Studies of a mangrove basin,Tuff Crater,New Zealand: III. The flux of organic and inorganic particulate matter     

Colin D. Woodroffe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(4):447-461

Water samples were collected at 15 min intervals over 11 tidal cycles from a tidal creek draining the mangrove-covered basin of Tuff Crater, Auckland, New Zealand. The samples were filtered and total suspended sediment (TSS), inorganic suspended sediment (ISS) and organic suspended sediment (OSS) were determined. Variation in TSS was high, the concentration varied over a tidal cycle and during over-bank flows concentrations were lowest at or near slack high water. Covariance between TSS concentrations and velocity and discharge meant that the calculation of particulate matter flux over tidal hemicycles was particularly dependent on the method of estimating tidal flux. The hypsometrically-based volumetric method was found to be inappropriate, predicting a positive budget (import) more often than observed. Instead particulate matter budgets were calculated by means of the velocity-area method and indicate a net export of TSS, ISS and OSS. Floating macrodetritus was observed on both the flood and ebb tides, but a net export was found on the two tides monitored. It is considered that on an annual basis floating macrodetritus export accounts for less than 2% of the detrital production in the basin, and organic suspended sediment export from the basin is less than 3 kg C ha^?1 day^?1 and is below the rate of detrital production. It is implied that a proportion of the organic detritus produced in this basin is degraded and recycled in situ.  相似文献   

Paleoceanographic records and sea ice extension history on the slope of the northern Bering Sea over the last 100 ka B.P.     

WANG Rujian  LI Xi  XIAO Wenshen  XIA Peifen  CHEN Ronghua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(6):117-126

1Introduction TheBeringSea,locatedinthesub-arcticNorth Pacific,playsanimportantroleininfluencingtheevo- lutionaryprocessoftheglobalclimaticsystembecause itsseasonalseaiceisformedinrelativelowerlatitudes (Takahashi,1999).ItisalsoasinkofatmosphericCO2, whichisoriginatedfromtheeffectivebiologicalpump inthissea.Particulatefluxdatameasuredinthesea overthelast10aindicatethattheorganic/inorganic carbonratiowasalwaysgreaterthan1,whichexplains thattheBeingSeaoccupiesasignificantpositionin theproces…  相似文献   

Adaptive Strategies at the Ecosystem Level: Examples from Two Benthic Marine Systems     

Jörg A.  Ott 《Marine Ecology》1981,2(2):113-158

Abstract. Adaptive strategies on the ecosystem level are demonstrated using the properties of systems (community biomass, trophic level energy transfer). Development of stabilizing storages versus rapid turnover and energy transfer through the grazing food chain versus detritus food chain are shown to be adaptive processes leading towards an optimal performance of the system. A model of incorporation and processing of information in ecosystems is proposed which contains the essential features of evolution. The persistence of "interspecific altruism" is discussed.  相似文献   

Does transported seagrass provide an important trophic link in unvegetated, nearshore areas?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Glenn A. Hyndes  Paul S. Lavery 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,63(4):633-643

The contribution of detritus from seagrass and other primary producers to faunal production in unvegetated nearshore areas was examined primarily using stable isotopes. Fish, macroinvertebrates, meiofauna and primary producers (seagrasses, macroalgae, seston and benthic microalgae) were sampled from sites in south-western Australia. All samples were analysed for δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values and fish gut contents were determined. δ¹³C values for seagrasses in the region were high compared to other macrophytes, ranging from 49.9 to −8.2‰ compared to −19.8 to −12.6‰ for macroalgae. The δ¹⁵N values ranged between 4.0 and 7.7‰ for the red, brown and green algae, and between 3.2 and 5.9‰ for seagrasses. Seston and benthic microalgae samples had a mean δ¹³C value of −12.8 and −14.0‰, respectively, and their δ¹⁵N values were comparable to the macroalgae. All invertebrate fauna had mean δ¹³C values considerably lower than seagrasses. However, individual samples harpacticoid copepods and polychaetes had a value as high as −11.7‰. δ¹⁵N values for consumers were higher than those of the primary producers, except for copepods and amphipods. The δ¹³C values for fish had a relatively small range, between −16.6 and −13.1‰, and the δ¹⁵N values of fish were elevated compared to the invertebrates and primary producers, ranging mostly between 10.0 and 12.6‰. Mixing model analysis based on δ¹³C values indicated that seagrass ranked low as a likely carbon source for all invertebrates other than harpacticoid copepods at a single site and some samples of polychaetes. The δ¹³C values for fish were similar to those of a combination of harpacticoid and calanoid copepods, amphipods and polychaetes. The consumption of harpacticoid copepods by some fish species indicates that Amphibolis and Posidonia species in south-western Australia can contribute to the food web of unvegetated nearshore areas as detritus, but brown algae is likely to make a greater contribution. At least for the time of year that was sampled, the flow of detrital seagrass material into the foodweb may be mediated by specific detrivores, in this case harpactacoid copepods, rather than by all detritivores.  相似文献   

土石比对碎石土强夯地基加固效果影响规律瑞利波检测分析     

黄达  金华辉 《岩土力学》2012,33(10):3067-3072

为了探讨土石比及大粒径块石对碎块石土强夯加固效果的影响规律,对3组不同土石比条件下碎块石土强夯地基的瑞利波检测数据进行了对比分析。夯后波速曲线具有明显的突变性,并随着土石比的减小其突变程度增强,突变段与大粒径块石有较好的对应性。波速增加比例曲线具有垂直分区特征,土石比对强夯加固区厚度影响较大。大块石对周边土体存在较强的扰动作用,夯后波速曲线往往表现为突然锐减,特别是当其位于夯后场地表层或较多大块石距离较近时表现更加明显。当大块石位于强加密区内时,加固深度随着大块石埋深增加而减小,且其埋深越靠近波速增加峰值点时加固深度越浅。研究成果对碎块石填土强夯地基的设计和施工具有参考价值。  相似文献   

Dynamics in the trophic structure of the macroinvertebrate community in a Mediterranean, temporary stream     

Maruxa Álvarez  Isabel Pardo 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(2):202-213

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