Bacterial production and carbon conversion based on saltmarsh plant debris     

R.C. Newell  E.A.S. Linley  M.I. Lucas 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(4):405-419

There is a well-defined succession of micro-organisms which colonize powdered leaf debris from Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus, and aged natural detrital material when these were incubated in estuarine water at temperatures near to those recorded in the habitat at the time of collection. The natural assemblage of free-living bacteria in estuarine water rapidly enters logarithmic growth, subsequently declining with the increase in numbers of bactivorous microflagellates. These are then replaced by a mixed population of ciliates, choanoflagellates, amoeboid forms and attached bacteria which form part of a complex microbial community associated with particulate debris. The rate of increase of bacterial cells (μ), in both spring and summer experiments ranged from 0·010–0·108 h^?1 whilst estimates of bacterial carbon production ranged from 1·5 to 10·1 μg C 1^?1 h^?1, values which conform well with estimates obtained from natural assemblages of marine bacteria in coastal and estuarine waters elsewhere. Although both the ease of degradation of the detrital substrate and incubation temperature are of importance, enrichment of both powdered Spartina leaf debris and aged natural detritus with inorganic nutrients evidently enhances bacterial production under experimental conditions. In addition, the amount of carbon utilized to sustain bacterial carbon production shows a significant reduction following enrichment with NH₄, NO₃ or combinations of NO₃ + PO₄. The bacterial carbon conversion efficiency (μg C incorporated into bacterial production per μg C consumed) × 100, based on powdered Spartina leaves, and aged natural detritus, is thus increased from 9–14%, to as much as 38% in nutrient enriched media. Since NH₄, NO₃ and PO₄ values are generally low in the water column, it seems likely that bacteria achieve a carbon conversion of only 9–14% on natural suspended detrital material, with the possibility of an enhanced conversion of up to 38% occurring at the sediment-water interface where ammonia regeration occurs. This suggests that suspended bacteria which characterize estuarine waters of salt marsh areas may be responsible for the oxidation of 86–91% of the carbon which enters water column microheterotroph food chains, and are probably implicated in the large CO₂ fluxes recently recorded from coastal wetland habitats.  相似文献   

Carbon dioxide emission and carbon accumulation in coastal wetlands     

C.J. Smith  R.D. DeLaune  W.H. Patrick 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(1):21-29

Direct measurements of CO₂ fluxes were made in salt, brackish and freshwater marshes and parallel adjacent open water areas in Barataria Basin, Louisiana. Vertical flux density was determined by monitoring the accumulation of CO₂ in aluminum chambers placed over the water or sediment surfaces. Annual CO₂ fluxes were 418, 180 and 618 g Cm^?2 from the salt, brackish and freshwater marsh, respectively. Water bodies adjacent to the marsh evolved 103, 54 and 242 g CO₂-Cm^?2yr^?1 to the atmosphere from saline, brackish and freshwater lakes, respectively. The role these marshes play in serving as a major carbon sink was determined from the carbon content of the sediment, vertical accretion rates and the bulk density of the sediment. Accretion rates were calculated from the depth in the sediment of the 1963 horizon, the year of peak ¹³⁷Cs fallout. Net carbon accumulation was essentially the same in all three marshes; 183, 296 and 224 g Cm^?2yr^?1 from the salt, brackish and fresh marsh, respectively. Data presented suggest a limited net export of carbon from these coastal marshes. A large percentage of fixed carbon remained on the marsh, being immobilized in accretionary processes or lost to the atmosphere as CO₂.  相似文献   

Transportation of water,particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic matter between a salt marsh and the Ems-Dollard estuary,The Netherlands     

Norbert Dankers  Michel Binsbergen  Koos Zegers  Remi Laane  Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(2):143-165

Transport processes were studied in a gully between a salt marsh and an estuary. After storm tides, ebb currents in the gully reached high values. It is concluded that particulate matter (both organic and inorganic) are imported into the marsh. Coarse organic debris is exported during storm tides, but this amount is low when compared with the primary production on the marsh. Exports are shown for dissolved organic carbon, ammonia, phosphate and silica, while nitrate and possibly nitrite are imported. Organic matter derived from in situ production and net import is buried and partly mineralized in the marsh.  相似文献   

宜春市审计局综合楼钻孔扩底灌注桩加后压浆设计分析及应用效果     

罗绍明  罗增裕 《探矿工程》2005,32(2):9-11

江西省宜春市审计局综合楼所处场地地层条件复杂，确定合适的持力层是关键。经对地层情况、本地区已有经验以及桩基施工新技术等进行分析评估，大胆地把桩端持力层放在结构松散、性质差异较大、承载力标准值偏低的碎石土层上，采用钻孔扩底灌注桩，以提高钻孔灌注桩的承载力，并运用后压浆技术对桩底及下伏地层进行加强处理。实践证明，该方案技术可行，经济合理。  相似文献   

西菲律宾海盆表层沉积物中的轻碎屑分区及物质来源   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

鄢全树  石学法  王昆山  任向文  姜晓黎 《地质论评》2007,53(6):765-773

海洋沉积物中轻碎屑(0125~0063mm)种类的特征和分布样式对于沉积物源区的判别具有重要的指示意义。取自西菲律宾海219个表层沉积物样品中的轻碎屑种类包括生物碎屑、石英、长石、褐色火山玻璃、无色火山玻璃、风化碎屑、火山渣，以及含量极低的一些矿物如磷酸盐（鱼牙）、片状矿物（黑云母和白云母）、硅灰石、黑曜石以及极少量的球粒状、椭球状宇源颗粒。分析结果表明，本区的轻碎屑分布可以分为三个区： (Ⅰ)菲律宾海沟以东区，轻碎屑主要源于钙质或硅质生物，邻近的岛弧也贡献了一定量的火山碎屑。(Ⅱ)中部区，石英、长石和无色火山玻璃可能源于中酸性熔岩海山或者是正在活动的中酸性岩浆事件的产物。(Ⅲ) 帛琉—九州海岭以西区，本区的物质来源相对比较复杂。长石、石英的含量较低，可能主要来源于中酸性熔岩海山或者是正在活动的中酸性岩浆事件的产物，火山渣主要是源于喷发在帛琉—九州海岭之上的火山。可以认为：① 研究区的生物碎屑含量与水深紧密相关，生物碎屑的数量主要受控于碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)。② 来自菲律宾岛弧的火山碎屑对本区沉积作用贡献较小，可能通过海流或风等途径向深海盆进行短距离搬运。海底高原(如本哈姆高原)和邻近海岭(如帛琉—九州海岭)火山岩的风化产物对本研究区轻碎屑沉积作用有着重要贡献，其影响范围主要依赖于海底风化作用的强度。③ 来自中国大陆及菲律宾等邻近岛弧的陆源碎屑物质对本区的沉积作用影响很小。本区可能存在的中酸性熔岩海山是长英质轻碎屑物质的主要源区。  相似文献   

Iron content of the otoliths of tarakihi (Teleostei: Cheilodactylidae)     

R. W. Gauldie  Adrienne Nathan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):179-191

The otoliths (sagittae) of 1076 tarakihi Cheilodactylus macropterus collected from around the whole of New Zealand during 1968–69 were examined for heavy metal content by atomic absorption spectrometry. Copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, and zinc did not occur in significant quantities, but iron was present in amounts ranging from 0.5 μg to 7.0 μg per otolith. The iron appears to be largely contained in the nucleus of the otolith. Variations in iron content per otolith indicate three regions where iron content is similar: a northern region (mean 3.39 μg; σ² = 1.35; n = 260); a central region (mean 1.92 μg; σ² = 1.32; n = 741); and a southern region (mean 0.96 μg; σ² = 0.45; n = 75). The significance of this regional variation, in otolith iron to the biology of the fish is not known, but may be linked by either heredity or environment to subpopulations of the fish.  相似文献   

European Climatic Response to Millennial-Scale Changes in the Atmosphere–Ocean System during the Last Glacial Period     

María Fernanda Snchez Goi  Jean-Louis Turon  Frdrique Eynaud  Sandra Gendreau 《Quaternary Research》2000,54(3):394

Pollen, foraminifer, dinocyst, and coarse lithic high-resolution analyses and δ¹⁸O measurements have been carried out for the last-glacial section of marine core MD95-2042 located near the southwestern margin of the Iberian Peninsula. The pollen data indicate a high frequency of vegetational changes on the adjacent continent during this period, suggesting a climatic variability very similar to that of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles recorded by the Greenland ice cores. The detailed direct correlation of the terrestrial and marine proxy data from core MD95-2042 indicates a three-phase pattern of Heinrich events in land and ocean environments. The first and last phases of the H5 and H4 events are characterized by a mild and humid climate in southwestern Europe, probably associated with the European origin of the ice-rafted detritus. The middle phase exhibits a cold and dry climate in Iberia linked with the maximum input of ice-rafted detritus. This phase seems to correspond with the Laurentide ice-sheet surges. Between the Heinrich events, several cold and dry periods on land are correlated with stades of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. The impact of the Dansgaard-Oeschger stades in southwestern Europe seems to be preferentially connected to the cold winter air masses reaching this mid-latitude region.  相似文献   

平邑盆地下第三系官中段核形石成因分析   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

李熙哲  管守锐 《岩石学报》2000,16(2):261-268

平邑盆地下第三系官中段核形石较为发育,类型多样。通过对其内部结构的研究发现核形石单元纹层有六种类型,作为核心的藻类仅在顶端发生碎屑粘结效应,而其底部则发育厚度小,规则的暗色纹层。纹层组合类型多样,主要受藻类发育程度,水动力强度和藻类种属的控制,是不同水动力环境下的产物。根据颗粒大小、纹层组合类型纹层层数、填隙物将核形石分为浅水高能成因核形石和较深水低能成因核形石。核形石成因分析和分类对沉积环境的判  相似文献   

Effect of plant richness on the dynamics of coarse particulate organic matter in a Brazilian Savannah stream     

《Limnologica》2017

The high plant richness in riparian zones of tropical forest streams and the relationship with an input of organic matter in these streams are not well understood. In this study, we assessed (i) the annual dynamics of inputs of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) in a tropical stream; and (ii) the relationship of species richness on riparian vegetation biomass. The fluxes and stock of CPOM inputs (vertical-VI = 512, horizontal-HI = 1912, and terrestrial-TI = 383 g/m²/year) and the benthic stock (BS = 67 g/m²/month) were separated into reproductive parts, vegetative parts and unidentified material. Leaves that entered the stream were identified and found to constitute 64 morphospecies. A positive relationship between species richness and litterfall was detected. The dynamics of CPOM were strongly influenced by rainfall and seasonal events, such as strong winds at the end of the dry season. Leaves contributed most to CPOM dynamics; leaf input was more intense at the end of the dry season (hydric stress) and the start of the rainy season (mechanical removal). Our study show an increase of litter input of CPOM by plant diversity throughout the year. Each riparian plant species contributes uniquely to the availability of energy resources, thus highlighting the importance of plant conservation for maintaining tropical streams functioning.  相似文献