Amplitude-compensated Laplacian filtering of reverse time migration and its application     

Renhu Yang  Xu Chang  Yun Ling  Ye E. Feng  Lijian Qu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(4):1089-1096

Reverse time migration is an advanced seismic migration imaging method. When the source wavefield and the receiver wavefield are cross-correlated, the cross-correlations of direct arrivals, backscattered waves and overturned waves will produce a lot of low-frequency noise, which will mask the final imaging results. Laplacian filtering, as a common method to suppress low-frequency noise, can adapt to any complex media, just adding a little computational cost. However, simple direct Laplacian filtering will destroy the characteristics of the useful signals. Therefore, the amplitude needs to be compensated before filtering when using the Laplacian filtering method. Zhang and Sun proposed an improved Laplacian filtering method and gave a simple calculation formula and explanation. This method can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise in reverse time migration while retaining the useful signal characteristics, but lacks detailed and strict mathematical derivation. Therefore, this paper gives a detailed and rigorous mathematical derivation of the amplitude-compensated Laplace filtering method from the point of view of amplitude-preserved filtering. The source wavelet is used instead of the source wavefield to compensate amplitude, just adding a little calculation cost. Finally, the amplitude-compensated Laplace filtering method is verified by two theoretical models and compared with the direct Laplacian filtering method.  相似文献   

Data-driven retrieval of primary plane-wave responses     

Giovanni Angelo Meles  Lele Zhang  Jan Thorbecke  Kees Wapenaar  Evert Slob 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(6):1834-1846

Seismic images provided by reverse time migration can be contaminated by artefacts associated with the migration of multiples. Multiples can corrupt seismic images, producing both false positives, that is by focusing energy at unphysical interfaces, and false negatives, that is by destructively interfering with primaries. Multiple prediction/primary synthesis methods are usually designed to operate on point source gathers and can therefore be computationally demanding when large problems are considered. A computationally attractive scheme that operates on plane-wave datasets is derived by adapting a data-driven point source gathers method, based on convolutions and cross-correlations of the reflection response with itself, to include plane-wave concepts. As a result, the presented algorithm allows fully data-driven synthesis of primary reflections associated with plane-wave source responses. Once primary plane-wave responses are estimated, they are used for multiple-free imaging via plane-wave reverse time migration. Numerical tests of increasing complexity demonstrate the potential of the proposed algorithm to produce multiple-free images from only a small number of plane-wave datasets.  相似文献   

Investigating a time‐shift extended imaging condition in a Kirchhoff pre‐stack depth migration algorithm          下载免费PDF全文

Gareth Shane O'Brien  Sean Joseph Delaney  Michael Igoe  John Doherty  Andrew Colhoun 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(4):688-706

Extracting true amplitude versus angle common image gathers is one of the key objectives in seismic processing and imaging. This is achievable to different degrees using different migration techniques (e.g., Kirchhoff, wavefield extrapolation, and reverse time migration techniques) and is a common tool in exploration, but the costs can vary depending on the selected migration algorithm and the desired accuracy. Here, we investigate the possibility of combining the local‐shift imaging condition, specifically the time‐shift extended imaging condition, for angle gathers with a Kirchhoff migration. The aims are not to replace the more accurate full‐wavefield migration but to offer a cheaper alternative where ray‐based methods are applicable and to use Kirchhoff time‐lag common image gathers to help bridge the gap between the traditional offset common image gathers and reverse time migration angle gathers; finally, given the higher level of summation inside the extended imaging migration, we wish to understand the impact on the amplitude versus angle response. The implementation of the time‐shift imaging condition along with the computational cost is discussed, and results of four different datasets are presented. The four example datasets, two synthetic, one land acquisition, and a marine dataset, have been migrated using a Kirchhoff offset method, a Kirchhoff time‐shift method, and, for comparison, a reverse time migration algorithm. The results show that the time‐shift imaging condition at zero time lag is equivalent to the full offset stack as expected. The output gathers are cleaner and more consistent in the time‐lag‐derived angle gathers, but the conversion from time lag to angle can be considered a post‐processing step. The main difference arises in the amplitude versus offset/angle distribution where the responses are different and dramatically so for the land data. The results from the synthetics and real data show that a Kirchhoff migration with an extended imaging condition is capable of generating subsurface angle gathers. The same disadvantages with a ray‐based approach will apply using the extended imaging condition relative to a wave equation angle gather solution. Nevertheless, using this approach allows one to explore the relationship between the velocity model and focusing of the reflected energy, to use the Radon transformation to remove noise and multiples, and to generate consistent products from a ray‐based migration and a full‐wave equation migration, which can then be interchanged depending on the process under study.  相似文献   

共炮检距高斯波束偏移的一种快速实现算法          下载免费PDF全文

高正辉  孙建国  孙章庆  孙煦  石秀林  刘志强 《地球物理学报》2017,60(3):1118-1131

与共炮高斯波束偏移相比,共炮检距高斯波束偏移具有直接抽取炮检距域共成像点道集的优势.过去,共炮检距高斯波束偏移以损失成像精度的代价采用最速下降法来降低积分的维数,从而提高计算效率.但经过最速下降近似简化的偏移公式仍是频率域的,需要在每个频点进行计算.为此,本文提出一种快速实现算法来避免采用最速下降法.本文通过分析一个水平层状速度模型的偏移过程和Marmousi速度模型的成像结果来检验不同插值方法对快速实现算法的成像精度和计算效率的影响,并建议采用二维三次卷积插值方法.同时本文在Marmousi速度模型下验证了快速实现算法相对于最速下降法在成像精度和计算效率上的优势.此外,本文将采用二维三次卷积插值的快速实现算法应用于Sigsbee2A模型并获得了清晰的盐下图像.  相似文献   

衰减干涉假象的海洋一次波与多次波同时成像方法          下载免费PDF全文

叶月明  姚根顺  庄锡进  李志娜  宋建勇 《地球物理学报》2017,60(12):4814-4825

海水与空气间的强波阻抗差使得海洋地震资料普遍发育自由表面相关多次波,如何利用好多次波所携带的有效信息已成为提高海洋地震资料成像品质的新突破点.基于面炮偏移的一次波与多次波同时成像方法能够避免多次波预测精度的影响,但是,正向传播的震源子波与反向延拓的自由表面相关多次波所产生的干涉假象严重制约了该技术的应用,本文提出了一种基于单程波偏移算子,可在成像域压制干涉假象的一次波与多次波同时成像方法.其中包含了三个步骤:第一,传统单程波偏移成像方法中的震源子波替换为一次波、多次波与震源子波,初始上行延拓波场为一次波与多次波,基于单程波算子的波场延拓与互相关成像条件的应用得到包含干涉假象的一次波与多次波同时成像;第二,以子波为震源,自由表面相关多次波为记录,按照传统单程波偏移成像方法得到干涉假象;第三,基于最小二乘匹配滤波算法,将第一步的成像结果与第二步的干涉假象进行匹配相减,得到干涉假象衰减后的一次波与多次波同时成像,避开了由于实际资料子波无法准确提取而造成一次波与多次波对成像能量级的不一致性.Sigsbee2B模型测试验证了本方法的有效性,并在我国某探区深海实际资料处理中得到了成功应用,深层基底得到了清晰刻画,并且照明均衡度明显改善.  相似文献   

一种TI介质纯qP波正演方法及其在逆时偏移中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨鹏  李振春  谷丙洛 《地球物理学报》2017,60(11):4447-4467

基于Tsvankin提出的精确频散关系,利用近似展开的方法,推导出解耦合的TTI介质纯qP波近似方程,并将方程中的偏微分算子分解成一个laplace算子和一个标量算子,用于代表qP波的精确传播方向,构建时间域二阶纯qP波方程.此推导过程无需设置横波速度为零,能够更加精确地描述qP波的运动学特征.这个方程相比于求解波数域二阶解耦qP波方程,计算效率高,存储需求小;相比于基于Alkhalifah频散关系推导的时间域二阶纯qP波方程,假象干扰压制好,数值误差小,更具一般性.但此方法求解波矢量时采用波场梯度一阶渐近近似,会造成垂直于对称轴方向的波场振幅不准确.为了较正振幅,将椭圆分解方法应用于此方程中,构建纯qP波椭圆分解方程,使得振幅更加均衡,并与Xu等提出的方程比较分析,应用本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程得到的波场振幅值更加准确.本文首先选取了均匀TI介质模型进行了qP波正演模拟,并抽取波场单道波形进行振幅分析,验证了本文构建的纯qP波方程和纯qP波椭圆分解方程的正确性及有效性;然后选取BP TTI模型进行了qP波正演模拟,将其qP波正演结果和均匀TI介质模型振幅分析结果相结合,突出了本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程的优势及适应性;最后选取逆冲模型和BPTTI模型,应用本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程对其进行逆时偏移成像,验证了本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程在逆时偏移中的可行性和适用性.  相似文献   

基于一步法波场延拓的正演模拟和逆时偏移成像          下载免费PDF全文

柯璇  石颖 《地球物理学报》2017,60(11):4468-4479

通常工业界实现逆时偏移算法时采用有限差分数值方法模拟地震波场,波场模拟常常受稳定性条件限制,且易产生数值频散,成像精度降低.本文引入了一步法波场延拓方法,首先构建声波传播算子,借助Chebyshev多项式和Jacobi-Anger展开式近似传播算子中的e指数项,进而实现波场递推,该方法时间步长的选取不受稳定性条件限制而且不存在空间频散现象.本文将一步法波场延拓方法用于逆时偏移成像的波场模拟,并提出双缓冲区存储策略,在不增加计算量的前提下,大幅降低了逆时偏移方法的波场存储量.波场模拟和逆时偏移成像测试表明,本文提出的一步法波场延拓方法模拟地震波场精度高,消除了频散影响,可在较大时间步长的情况下实现高精度波场模拟;提出的基于一步法波场延拓的逆时偏移方法成像质量好;基于双缓冲区存储策略的逆时偏移成像方法存储成本低.  相似文献   

Elastic wave‐vector decomposition in heterogeneous anisotropic media          下载免费PDF全文

Yanadet Sripanich  Sergey Fomel  Junzhe Sun  Jiubing Cheng 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(5):1231-1245

The goal of wave‐mode separation and wave‐vector decomposition is to separate a full elastic wavefield into three wavefields with each corresponding to a different wave mode. This allows elastic reverse‐time migration to handle each wave mode independently. Several of the previously proposed methods to accomplish this task require the knowledge of the polarisation vectors of all three wave modes in a given anisotropic medium. We propose a wave‐vector decomposition method where the wavefield is decomposed in the wavenumber domain via the analytical decomposition operator with improved computational efficiency using low‐rank approximations. The method is applicable for general heterogeneous anisotropic media. To apply the proposed method in low‐symmetry anisotropic media such as orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic, we define the two S modes by sorting them based on their phase velocities (S1 and S2), which are defined everywhere except at the singularities. The singularities can be located using an analytical condition derived from the exact phase‐velocity expressions for S waves. This condition defines a weight function, which can be applied to attenuate the planar artefacts caused by the local discontinuity of polarisation vectors at the singularities. The amplitude information lost because of weighting can be recovered using the technique of local signal–noise orthogonalisation. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach provides an effective decomposition method for all wave modes in heterogeneous, strongly anisotropic media.  相似文献   

地震数据的反射波动方程最小二乘偏移   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈生昌  周华敏 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1413-1420

基于反射波动方程,本文提出了一种估计地下反射率分布的地震数据最小二乘偏移方法.高频近似下,非齐次的一次反射波动方程的源项是由反射率与入射波场的时间一阶导数相互作用产生的.根据反射波动方程,利用线性最小二乘反演方法由地震反射数据重建出地下产生反射波的反射源,再结合波场正演计算出的地下入射波场,得到地下反射率分布的估计.在地下反射源的线性最小二乘反演重建中,我们采用迭代求解方法,并以地震波的检波器单向地下照明强度作为最小二乘优化问题中Hessian矩阵的近似.  相似文献   

中海油多分量地震处理技术的发展与应用实例          下载免费PDF全文

李维新  崔炯成  武文来  刘一峰  夏庆龙  石莹  江南森  黄小刚  张云鹏  薛东川 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1136-1149

20世纪末中海油在南海油气勘探中成功试验了二维多分量地震技术.其后十多年,中海油进一步在不同近海油气盆地采集了三维多分量OBC地震资料.但由于针对三维转换波的处理未能形成有效的关键技术,除双检叠加利用了水压分量和陆检垂直分量外,大量水平分量数据未被使用.鉴于此,中海油在十二五期间开展三维多分量地震数据处理的关键技术攻关：针对弹性波场的矢量特征、转换波射线路径不对称以及双程旅行时多时间尺度等问题,成功研发了矢量化的信号处理技术、弹性波速度建模以及叠前时间偏移成像等技术;集成了相对完善的三维弹性波成像EWI软件系统;完成了多个试验区的三维四分量OBC地震转换波的处理,取得了好于以往技术的效果;建立了海上多分量OBC地震资料处理流程.但相对于成熟的纵波处理技术,海洋多分量地震处理技术仍需要不断完善与发展.  相似文献