南疆夏季不同降水类型预报及递进式服务思考     

窦新英  安大维 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(4):15-21

南疆作为气候干旱区,夏季常发生不同类型的降水,2013年6月南疆短历时、高强度、小范围降水事件和2016年8月长时间、持续型、大范围降水事件在预报和服务方面有较大差异。分析两次强降水事件,南亚高压双体型是南疆夏季强降水的大尺度环流背景。高强度降水事件环流经向度大,高、中、低纬低槽同位相叠加,是造成强降水的直接影响系统;持续型强降水事件在500 hPa高空平均环流场上显示,欧亚范围内中高纬度地区为两脊一槽的经向环流,西西伯利亚至中亚地区的副热带大槽呈东北—西南向分布,长波槽底伸至38°N附近,是造成持续型强降水和气温持续下降或偏低的直接影响系统。本文在预报基础上,从气象服务的角度出发,结合长期、中短期、短时临近天气预报,重点分析在时间、范围和强度等方面存在明显差异的不同类型强降水过程中气象服务的递进式思路和方法,为精细化气象服务提供参考。  相似文献   

Automated Generation of Schematic Network Maps Adaptive to Display Sizes     

Peng Ti  Zhilin Li  Zhu Xu 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):168-176

Schematic maps have been popularly used for the representation of metro (or underground) lines and nowadays have also been used for the representation of other network maps. This paper presents a strategy for automated generation of schematic network maps for different display sizes, based on a redistribution of line density. This strategy consists of three steps: (a) estimation of spatial density of the network maps, (b) automated redistribution of line density in order to improve map clarity, for different display sizes, and (c) automated generation of schematic representations. An experimental evaluation has been carried out by using two sets of real-life network data. The results indicate that this strategy is able to generate schematic maps with much improved clarity for different display sizes and well-preserved map recognition.  相似文献   

空气焓差法试验装置的设计和布置     

谢爱霞 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(4):52-56

探讨了采用焓差法测定空调器制冷或制热量的试验装置的布置设计 ,该套装置适用于测试制冷量为 12 5 0～ 15 0 0 0W的空调装置。  相似文献   

沙地分类植被覆盖动态及其驱动力分析     

苏日古格  阿拉腾图娅  包刚  伊如汗 《测绘科学》2016,41(9):71-79

针对鄂尔多斯受荒漠化影响较为严重,结合生态保护工程在本地区实施状况,该文以2001—2013年的MODIS NDVI数据和中国1∶100 000沙地分布数据集,结合线性趋势分析与相关性分析等方法,对鄂尔多斯地区各沙地类型植被恢复有效性进行了评估和比较,并从气候变化和人类活动方面初步分析植被变化原因。结果表明:在研究时段,鄂尔多斯地区生长季植被覆盖总体呈改善趋势,不同沙地类型植被覆盖也都呈增加趋势,且呈增加趋势的植被覆盖面积远大于呈减少趋势的植被覆盖面积。鄂尔多斯地区植被覆盖变化是人类活动和气候要素综合作用的结果。降水量是影响植被变化的主要因素,日益剧烈的人类活动也是影响植被变化的重要原因。  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT-SCALE ERRORS INTERACTIONS ON ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF REGIONAL NWP MODEL     

张旭斌  谈哲敏 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(4):374-388

In the previous study, the influences of introducing larger- and smaller-scale errors on the background error covariances estimated at the given scales were investigated, respectively. This study used the covariances obtained in the previous study in the data assimilation and model forecast system based on three-dimensional variational method and the Weather Research and Forecasting model. In this study, analyses and forecasts from this system with different covariances for a period of one month were compared, and the causes for differing results were presented. The variations of analysis increments with different-scale errors are consistent with those of variances and correlations of background errors that were reported in the previous paper. In particular, the introduction of smaller-scale errors leads to greater amplitudes in analysis increments for medium-scale wind at the heights of both high- and low-level jets. Temperature and humidity analysis increments are greater at the corresponding scales at the middle- and upper-levels. These analysis increments could improve the intensity of the jet-convection system that includes jets at different levels and the coupling between them that is associated with latent heat release. These changes in analyses will contribute to more accurate wind and temperature forecasts in the corresponding areas. When smaller-scale errors are included, humidity analysis increments are significantly enhanced at large scales and lower levels, to moisten southern analyses. Thus, dry bias can be corrected, which will improve humidity forecasts. Moreover, the inclusion of larger- (smaller-) scale errors will be beneficial for the accuracy of forecasts of heavy (light) precipitation at large (small) scales because of the amplification (diminution) of the intensity and area in precipitation forecasts.  相似文献   

低温盐侵蚀环境下砂浆孔隙水相变特性研究北大核心CSCD     

万旭升  谭冬雪  路建国  晏忠瑞  何佑彪  钟闻华 《冰川冻土》2022,44(2):545-554

砂浆孔隙溶液水盐相变特性是研究其水-热-盐耦合模型以及水泥基材料损伤机理的关键理论基础。为探究河西走廊盐渍土地区砂浆孔隙溶液水、盐相变规律,首先利用差示扫描量热法测定水盐相变过程中热流、相变温度等热参数;其次基于热量守恒和水分质量平衡方程,初步实现水盐分离;然后分别计算不同温度下的冰、盐晶和未冻水含量,揭示了低温下砂浆孔隙溶液水盐相变机理;最后结合微观扫描和物质能谱图,明晰了砂浆内部劣化机制。研究结果表明:随着盐浓度增大,砂浆孔隙溶液冻结温度降低、相变时间延后、水盐相变顺序调换及未冻水含量向低温方向移动;相同盐浓度下,氯化钠对砂浆孔隙溶液冻结温度的降幅最大,混合盐次之,硫酸钠最小;砂浆在低温盐侵蚀下遭受物理化学耦合作用,其中氯化钠对砂浆破坏性最大,混合盐次之,硫酸钠劣化相对较轻。  相似文献   

地方院校遥感课程教学模式改革探究     

杜福光  刘晓春  高超 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(8):28-31

随着社会对遥感人才需求的不断增长,遥感学概论课程在高等院校中越来越受到重视,然而原来陈旧的教学内容、教学方法等已无法适应现代遥感技术的飞速发展。鉴于此,本文以唐山师范学院为例,结合多年遥感课程教学经验,在分析该校遥感课程教学现状的基础上,针对存在的问题,从教学内容、教学环境、教学方式等方面对遥感课程改革进行探讨,构建了唐山师范学院遥感课程的内容体系,并结合学生实际情况,提出了将分层教学法运用于遥感课堂理论教学以及将室内与室外相结合、实践与科研相结合的思路运用于实践教学的遥感教学新思路,在遥感课程教学中取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   

山区农户耕地利用集约度及其影响因素——以重庆市12个典型村为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王秀圆  阎建忠 《地理研究》2015,34(5)

耕地利用集约度对粮食安全、生态环境和耕地保护有深刻影响。利用重庆市酉阳县、武隆县、巫山县3个县12个典型村972份有效农户调查样本,基于货币额衡量生产成本,对比分析不同类型农户的耕地利用集约度差异,同时综合价值形态指标与实物形态指标对其内部结构进行分析比较,然后运用多元线性回归模型定量分析不同类型农户内部耕地利用集约度的影响因素,以期为政府制定山区农业发展政策与措施提供科学依据。研究表明:1不同类型农户的耕地利用集约度及其内部结构存在较大差异,劳动集约度、资本集约度与耕地利用集约度基本呈现自然资产型人力资产型基本型缺失型的关系;2研究区正经历着农村劳动力快速转移过程,农户生计多样化显著,但生计多样化并不一定意味着耕地集约度的降低;3农业生产补贴和经济作物播种面积比重对自然资产型农户有显著的正向影响,故农业发展政策应集中在提高农业生产补贴和调整农业产业结构方面,前提是继续采取有效措施改善农村交通水利等基础设施,建立农业发展的平台。  相似文献   

Effect of unequal injection rates and different hopping rates on asymmetric exclusion processes with junction     

肖松  蔡九菊  刘飞  刘明哲 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

In this paper, the effects of unequal injection rates and different hopping rates on the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with a 2-input 1-output junction are studied by using a simple mean-field approach and extensive computer simulations. The steady-state particle currents, the density profiles, and the phase diagrams are obtained. It is shown that with unequal injection rates and different hopping rates, the phase diagram structure is qualitatively changed. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.  相似文献   

LATENT FEATURES WITH MAXIMAL CORRELATION BETWEEN TWO EQUAL SETS OF VARIABLES     

REN HENRION  GNTER HENRION 《地理学报(英文版)》1990,(2)

If in two data tables X and Y objects are characterized by the same variables(measured at differentoccasions),then looking for common latent features should be more appropriate than choosing latentfeatures in X and Y separately(e.g.as in canonical correlation or PLS).The procedure to be proposedhere is a slight modification of the method of linear characteristics(according to De Groot and Li)bydisclaiming the assumption of equal inner-block covariance matrices.In order to find weights defining alatent feature with maximal correlation between X and Y,a system of non-linear equations has to besolved.The procedure is applied to the investigation of heavy metal concentrations in different humantissues.  相似文献