Enzyme responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and hepatopancreas of clam Mactra vereformis, following cadmium exposure     

������  �����  �����  ���� 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(5):981-989

To assess the toxicity of heavy metal pollution to marine intertidal shellfish, enzymatic responses and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the clam Mactra vereformis exposed to cadmium under laboratory conditions. Three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx), two immune defense enzymes (acid phosphatase, ACP; alkaline phosphatase, ALP), and one lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the ...  相似文献   

龟足成体的5种消化酶活力     

林岗  饶小珍  陈宁  郭世群  许友勤 《热带海洋学报》2011,(5)

龟足是一种营养价值高,具有多种生理功能和保健作用的优质海产品,开展其消化生理的研究,可以为其规模化养殖提供理论依据。用酶学分析方法测定了龟足Capitulum mitella成体消化道5种消化酶的活力并探讨了温度、pH因子对5种消化酶活力的影响。结果表明,龟足的消化道能检测出类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶的活力,其中类胰蛋白酶活力最高,胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力均较高,纤维素酶活力极低,类胰蛋白酶活力>胃蛋白酶活力,淀粉酶活力>纤维素酶活力。类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶的最适温度均为55℃,纤维素酶、脂肪酶的最适温度分别为45℃、35℃;类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶的最适pH分别为10.8、2.5、5.9、4.2—5.5、7—7.5。最适温度、pH下测得胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶活力分别为:(267.07±13.69)U、(72.21±6.1)U、(28.62±1.6)U、(1.46±0.02)U、(65.24±1.8)U。淀粉酶(A)与类胰蛋白酶(T)活力的比值(A/T值)表明龟足是以动物食性为主的甲壳动物。  相似文献   

长石莼（缘管浒苔）（Ulva linza）原生质体再生与分化发育初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈群芳  汤文仲  冯子慧  霍元子  何培民 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(3):397-403

采用细胞酶解技术获得长石莼（缘管浒苔）原生质体,再通过细胞培养观察原生质体再生以及各种分化发育途径。结果表明,长石莼（缘管浒苔）主要存在3种分化发育途径：1）部分原生质体可直接分裂形成有假根或无假根得单细胞苗。2）部分原生质体分裂成规则细胞团或不规则细胞团,最后形成苗簇。3）部分原生质体可发育为孢子囊／配子囊,其中部分...  相似文献   

锦绣龙虾消化系统的解剖学及组织学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁华芳  翁少萍  何建国 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,(4):1-5

锦绣龙虾的消化系统由消化管和消化腺组成,消化管包括口、食道、胃、中肠和后肠。胃分为贲门胃和幽门胃,中肠较长,占消化管总长度的74.18%。消化管的基本结构由内向外可分为4层,即黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌肉层和外膜。黏膜层主要由单层柱状上皮和基膜构成,除中肠外其余消化管管壁上皮均覆盖有几丁质膜,黏膜下层和外膜均为结缔组织层,消化道的结缔组织中分布有皮肤腺。消化腺主要是肝胰腺,由肝小管组成,根据其形态和功能的不同,可把构成肝小管的单层细胞分为四类:分泌细胞、吸收细胞、纤维细胞和胚细胞。  相似文献   

In vitro Acute Cytotoxicity of Abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder Paralichthy olivaceus     

XU Yuyan GUO Huarong XIAO Qin SU Feng YIN Licheng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(4):369-372

The cytotoxicity of abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder (FG cell line) was examined in this study. It was found that the exposure of FG cells to abamectin caused the decreases of both cell growth rate and antioxidant enzyme activities,and the increase of intracellular O2- content. It was proposed that the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities in FG cells caused the accu- mulation of O2- content in FG cells, leading to the change of cell morphology and even the death of cells. The results showed that FG cell line is suitable for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of abamectin.  相似文献   

复合中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长和消化酶活力的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

丁贤  李卓佳  陈永青  林黑着  杨铿 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(1):22-26

选用豆粕-鱼粉型饲料,分别添加0.0、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0g·kg-1的复合中草药(CTMs),检测其促生长作用及其对消化酶活性的影响。结果显示,生长第1阶段:2组特殊生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)和蛋白质效率比(PER)均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),与余下三组差异不显著(P>0.05);2组、3组体长增长率(LGR)与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);2组、3组存活率与5组差异显著(P<0.05)、与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);各组间相对增重率(RWG)和日生长速度(AGR)差异不显著(P>0.05)。生长第2阶段:2组AGR与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),与其他三组差异不显著(P>0.05);2组、3组FCR分别与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)和差异极显著(P<0.01);2组、3组PER与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);和对照组相比,4组成活率提高显著(P<0.05),2组和3组提高极显著(P<0.01);RWG和LGR变化规律与第一阶段相似;各组间SGR无显著差异(P>0.05)。CTMs提高消化酶活性,对蛋白酶活性影响明显。  相似文献   

温度和盐度对军曹鱼幼鱼生长与抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨健  陈刚  黄建盛  张健东  施钢  汤保贵  周晖 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(4):25-29

在实验室条件下,采用两因素交叉分组的方法,初步研究了环境因子(温度和盐度)对军曹鱼幼鱼肌肉抗氧化酶比活力的影响。温度设3个水平(26、29、32),盐度设4个水平(11、19、27、35),两个因素按其各自水平共产生12种组合。军曹鱼幼鱼在玻璃钢水槽内养殖20d后取样测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的比活力。结果表明:盐度因子诱导了军曹鱼的抗氧化应激反应,抗氧化酶活力随盐度降低而升高,SOD、CAT和GPX比活力分别从35时的17.74±3.38、19.44±2.66和13.70±2.99U/mg上升到11时的30.14±1.76、35.63±10.59和17.44±4.32U/mg;温度、盐度及因素间的交互作用对SOD和CAT比活力有显著影响(P<0.05);温度对GPX比活力无显著影响(P>0.05),而盐度及因素间的交互作用对GPX比活力影响显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

Adaptation of the antioxidant defence system in hydrothermal-vent mussels (Bathymodiolus azoricus) transplanted between two Mid-Atlantic Ridge sites     

Rui Company  Angela Serafim  Richard Cosson  Aline Fiala-Médioni  David R. Dixon  & Maria João Bebianno 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(1):93-99

The vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus is the dominant member of the Northern Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) hydrothermal megafauna, and lives in an environment characterized by temporal and spatial variations in the levels of heavy metals, methane and hydrogen sulphide, substances which are known to increase reactive oxygen species levels in the tissues of exposed organisms. To evaluate the effects of two contrasting hydrothermal environments on the antioxidant defence system of this vent mussel species, a 2‐week transplant experiment was carried out involving mussels collected from the relatively deep (2300 m), and chemical rich, Rainbow vent field. These were transplanted to the shallower (1700 m), and relatively less toxic, Lucky Strike vent field. To achieve this objective, levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in the gills and mantle tissues of resident and transplant mussels before and after the transplant experiment. With the exception of CAT, the gills of the transplanted mussels had significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activity compared with the basal levels in the donor (Rainbow) and recipient (Lucky Strike) populations; whereas the antioxidant enzyme levels in the mantle tissues of the transplants reflected the baseline levels of activity in the native Lucky Strike mussels after 2 weeks. In contrast, LPO levels were significantly higher in both tissue types in the transplants than in either the source or the recipient populations, which suggested a response to hydrostatic pressure change (note, the transplant animals were brought to the surface for transportation between the two vent fields). The fact that the Rainbow mussels survived the transplant experience indicates that B. azoricus has a very robust constitution, which enables it to cope behaviourally, physiologically and genetically with the extreme conditions found in its naturally contaminated deep‐sea environment.  相似文献   

Estimating the mean time between meals in the field from stomach content data and gastric evacuation functions of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.) feeding on sandeel (Ammodytes marinus Raitt)     

Temming  A.; Mergardt  N. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(4):782-793

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Variations in Patch Use by Ruminant and Non-ruminant Herbivores in a Tropical Wildlife Reserve,Ghana     

Godfred BEMPAH  Joseph K. AFRIFA  Moses A. NARTEY  LU Changhu 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(6):1143-1151

Food processing and consumption by herbivores are affected differently by the availability of forage quality and quantity per unit of time. This demonstrates the “Allometric response concept”, and it is considered a significant determinant in habitat use for foraging by grazers. The relevance of this approach has comprehensively been applied to herbivores of different body sizes, but little is known about its demonstration to explain patch use in herbivores with different digestive physiology and body size. We explain the use of patches by grazing herbivores of different digestive physiology and body sizes, Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus, mega non-ruminant) and cattle (ruminant), by integrating foraging relationship herbivores. We analysed the significant relationships between species dropping densities and environmental variables across forty-eight 100 m×100 m plots in Bui National Park, Ghana, during the wet and dry seasons. We found that both species utilised areas closer to the river in the wet season, but the H. amphibius foraged further away from the river during the dry season. Sward height also determined patch use by both species, with the H. amphibius utilising shorter swards than the cattle. Considering the quality of food resources, the study revealed that patch selection of ruminants (cattle) was significantly influenced by nitrogen content. In contrast, acidic detergent fibre content was positively related to non-ruminant species (H. amphibius). The high seasonal effect of sward height and food quality on patch use is primarily due to the species digestive physiology and body size of hippopotamus and cattle at the Bui National Park.  相似文献