膜过滤在污水处理中的应用研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐新阳  马铮铮 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(4):52-56

膜滤是借助一定的外加压力使液体穿过膜后分离成浓缩液和渗透液的分离技术。常用于水处理的膜滤依据过滤膜孔径、被截留物质的尺寸和施加的过滤压力不同可分为微滤、超滤、纳滤和反渗透等。介绍了不同膜滤技术的渗透原理、膜的类型、过滤模型以及膜的污染与防治,概述了膜过滤在处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液和处理纺织印染工业废水以及中水回用等领域的应用,并探讨了膜滤技术今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

The genetic structure of the exotic ascidian Styela plicata (Tunicata) from Italian ports,with a re‐appraisal of its worldwide genetic pattern          下载免费PDF全文

Ferruccio Maltagliati  Lisa Lupi  Alberto Castelli  Federica G. Pannacciulli 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):492-502

The pleated ascidian Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823) is a solitary species commonly found in ports and marinas around the world. It has been recorded in the Mediterranean region since the mid‐19th century. In the present work, the species’ genetic diversity was analysed, employing a 613‐bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 149 individuals collected in 14 ports along Italian coasts at spatial scales ranging from 1 to approximately 2200 km. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity values were h = 0–0.933 (total h = 0.789) and π = 0–0.145 (total π = 0.0094), respectively. A general southward trend of increasing within‐population genetic diversity was observed. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant genetic structuring but no significant differences were detected among basins, and no isolation by distance was found. Our data were integrated with the COI sequences available from previous studies and re‐analysed in order to investigate the possible routes of introduction of this ascidian into the Mediterranean Sea. The presence of the two COI haplogroups detected in previous molecular investigations on S. plicata at intercontinental spatial scale was confirmed in the Mediterranean Sea. The results revealed multiple introductions of S. plicata, although some locations appear to have experienced rapid expansion from few founding individuals with reduced genetic diversity. However, continuous introductions would confound the pattern deriving from single founder events and make it difficult to estimate the time needed for gene diffusion into established populations. This mixing of effects creates difficulties in understanding the past and current dynamics of this introduction, and managing this alien invasive ascidian whose genetic structure is continuously shuffled by vessel‐mediated transport.  相似文献   

Vessel biofouling as an inadvertent vector of benthic invertebrates occurring in Brazil     

Farrapeira CM  Tenório Dde O  Amaral FD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(4):832-839

This article reviews the literature involving benthic invertebrates that are cited in association with hull fouling, reporting the species that occur on the Brazilian coast and evaluating the importance of this vector for the introduction of nonindigenous and cryptogenic invertebrates in Brazil. It discusses some of the strategies that were used by the species that allowed for their overseas transport and made it easier to cross natural barriers that otherwise would have been obstacles to their dispersion. The compiled data list 343 species (65% nonindigenous and 35% cryptogenic), mainly from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. The traveling fauna, composed mostly of cosmopolitan species (70.3%), is primarily euryhaline and marine stenohaline, with sessile and sedentary habits. After delineating the shipborne species’ ecological profiles and traveling strategies and evaluating their overlapping vectors, we concluded that hull vessels were the main vector of introduction to the Brazilian coast for 89.8% of the compiled species.  相似文献   

Imagining the Dirty Green City     

Wendy Steele  Aidan Davison  Aviva Reed 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(2):239-256

ABSTRACT

The green city is being elevated to the status of a self-evident good in the theory and practice of urban sustainability. A large literature documents the linked environmental, economic and well-being benefits associated with vegetating urban systems to maximise the ecosystem function. Contemporary urban greening seeks to challenge attempts to expel nature from the city in a quest for order and control. However, by imagining nature as a new mode of urban purification, much effort in the name of the green city inverts and reproduces dualistic understandings of natural and built space. In response, we disrupt the normative dialectics of purity and dirt that sustain this dualism to expose the untidy but fertile ground of the green city. We draw together Ash Amin’s four registers of the Good City – relatedness, rights, repair and re-enchantment – with the artworks of the Australian visual ecologist Aviva Reed. Our work seeks to enrich the practice of more-than-human urbanism through ‘dirt thinking’ by imagining the transformative possibilities in, of and for the dirty green city.  相似文献   

东山湾污损生物生态研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

林和山  王建军  郑成兴  李荣冠  郑凤武  林俊辉  黄雅琴  何雪宝  江锦祥 《海洋学报》2012,34(6):160-169

2008年9月-2009年8月在东山湾海域进行了污损生物周年挂板试验,共记录污损生物102种,以近岸暖水种为主,其中网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulates)是该海域最具代表性的优势种,其他优势种还有裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)、双列笔螅(Pennaria disticha)、纵条肌海葵(Haliplanella luciae)、僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cucullata)、变化短齿蛤(Brachidontes variabilis)、巴西地钩虾(Podocerus brasiliensis)、梳肢片钩虾(Elasmopus pecteniclus)、强壮板钩虾(Stenothoe valida)、长鳃麦秆虫(Caprella equilibra)和厦门华藻苔虫(Sinoflustra amoyensis)等。该海区污损生物全年均可附着,附着盛期在4-10月,月板的平均附着量(湿重)为979.43 g/m2,夏季可高达11 799.00 g/m2。污损生物群落多样性以夏季最高,冬季最低;随着试板浸海时间的延长,其上污损生物群落的多样性明显增加,且结构也趋于稳定。  相似文献   

广西白龙半岛邻近海域污损生物群落结构分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

田伟  徐兆礼 《海洋学报》2015,37(6):120-127

2011年12月-2012年11月,在广西白龙半岛邻近海域进行周年污损生物挂板试验,共记录到污损生物60种,以亚热带暖水种为主,其中优势种类有河蜾蠃蜚Corophium acherusicum、钩虾Gammarus sp.、网纹藤壶Amphibalanus reticulatus、翡翠贻贝Perna viridis、华美盘管虫Hydroides elegans、太平洋侧花海葵Anthopleura nigrescens、冠瘤海鞘Styela canopus、凸壳肌蛤Musculus senhousia和多齿围沙蚕Perinereis nuntia。全年均有生物附着,四季平均附着密度和附着湿质量分别为45 136个/m2和4 246.03g/m2,其中以秋季附着密度最高,达到153 514个/m2,春季附着湿质量最大,为9 418.42g/m2。污损生物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)均以夏季最高,冬季最低。丰度/生物量比较法结果表明,冬季、秋季、下半年和周年板上的污损生物群落结构不够稳定。  相似文献   

广西防城港东湾红树林污损动物的种类组成与数量分布特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

庆宁  林岳光 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(1):64-68

对白骨壤(Avicennia marina)树上的污损动物进行了定性和定量调查。共采得污损动物9种。以白条地藤壶(Euraphia withersi)和潮间藤壶(Balanus littoralis)在多数采样点的附着密度最高，但二者在树上的分布有明显的差异；团聚牡蛎(Ostrea glomerata)分布最广，是惟一～种在各采样点均能采到的污损动物；黑养麦蛤(Xenostrobus atraus)主要分布在树干和较粗的枝条上，其密度在向海林缘达到最大，超过牡蛎和藤壶的附着密度。污损动物附着高度与树高的比值(h：H)，主干、枝条和叶片上附着的污损动物总量均随林带离岸距离增大而增大，呈明显的变化趋势。  相似文献   

南海污损生物生态研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘勐伶  严涛 《海洋通报》2006,25(1):84-91

污损生物的附着会降低航速增加燃料消耗,增大动力载荷效应,阻塞排水管道,影响水产养殖,给人类生产生活带来很大危害。本文综合叙述了南海污损生物的调查方法及群落结构特点,并对下一阶段的研究重点进行了探讨,以期为进一步的工作提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

洋山港海域大型污损生物生态特点   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

王宝强  薛俊增  庄骅  吴惠仙 《海洋学报》2012,34(3):155-162

洋山港是上海国际航运中心的枢纽港。为了解该海域污损生物的群落结构及演变趋势,2009年3月至2010年3月在洋山港海域进行了周年污损生物挂板调查研究。洋山港海域污损生物种类较少,共记录污损生物19种,隶属于5个类群,优势种为僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)、网纹纹藤壶(Balanus reliculatus) 、大室膜孔苔虫(Membranipora grandicella)、厦门华藻苔虫(Sinoflustra amoyensis)、双钩楯琥珀苔虫(Aspidelectra bihamata)、中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)、曲膝薮枝螅(Obelia geniculata)和亚洲帚毛虫(Sabellaria ishikawai),种类组成以广布种为主,同时部分具有河口低盐种的特征;污损生物的附着高峰期是6—10月份,除冬季月份外,其余月份均有生物附着;受盐度、水流及泥沙含量的影响,洋山港污损生物的生物量变化较大,月板、季板及年板的平均附着生物量分别为9.20,127.20和774.04 g/m2。另外,通过对洋山港海域污损生物周年的物种组成和群落结构变化分析,发现该海域污损生物群落受季节变化和盐度的升高影响较大,群落结构不稳定,物种演替明显。  相似文献   

Treatment of Dairy Industry Cleaning‐in‐Place Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Supported with Immersed Membrane Process     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(11)

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