对流云街激发的重力波和波动阻力   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

桑建国  王保民  孙向明 《气候与环境研究》2002,7(1):114-120

大气边界层中的对流活动,可以在其上部稳定层中激发出重力波,并引起垂直动量输送,影响到对流层和平流层中的动量平衡过程.从二层模式中大气波动方程的线性解出发,得出了对流云街激发的重力波波阻解析表达式,并讨论了大气条件对波阻的影响.这些分析可有助于大气环流模式(GCM)中此类重力波波阻参数化表达式的建立和改进.  相似文献   

大气中粘性效应对三维地形波及其波动阻力的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘辉志  洪钟祥  桑建国 《气候与环境研究》1999,4(3):315-322

采用两层大气模式, 通过引入瑞利摩擦系数来定性描述大气中粘性机制, 讨论了粘性效应对三维简单地形波及其波动阻力的影响。结果表明,无论低层大气为稳定层结还是不稳定层结, 大气中粘性的存在将减弱地形波的强度, 减小其产生的波动阻力  相似文献   

Normalization of Hydrodynamic Coefficients in Morison Equation     

LI Yucheng Professor  the State Key Laboratory of Coastal  Offshore Engineering  Dalian University of Technology  Dalian  P. R. China. 《中国海洋工程》1999,(2)

-The hydrodynamic coefficients C_d and C_m are not only dependent on the size of slender cylin-der,its location in water,KC number and Re number,but also vary with environmental conditions,i.e.,in regular waves or in irregular waves,in pure waves or in wave-current coexisting field.In this paper,thenormalization of hydrodynamic coefficients for various environmental conditions is discussed.When aproper definition of KC number and proper characteristic values of irregular waves are used,a unified re-lationship between C_d,C_m and KC number for regular waves,irregular waves,pure waves and wave-cur-rent coexisting field can be obtained.  相似文献   

潜航器微气泡减阻数值模拟方法研究     

詹杰民  陆尚平  李熠华  李雨田  胡文清 《海洋工程》2023,41(4):1-11

近年来微气泡减阻技术应用于水面舰船的相关研究取得重要进展,许多舰船已经采用了此类技术。然而该技术在潜航器上的应用整体上仍处于理论分析和试验测试阶段。以回转体潜航器简化模型为研究对象,利用多孔介质来简化喷气小孔,并结合不可压缩水体和可压缩理想气体的流体体积（VOF）方法,建立了Realizable ε-k湍流计算模式。通过拖曳试验验证了多孔介质等效喷气小孔的合理性和数值模式的准确性,结合试验和数值结果探究了微气泡减阻技术对潜航器航行阻力的影响。数值结果显示,气泡对潜航器尾流低速区的改变使尾部压力分布产生变化从而导致压差阻力增高。同时气泡可以显著降低其覆盖区域的黏性阻力。并且随着来流速度的提高,气泡覆盖范围扩大,黏性减阻率持续增加。进一步地,建立了加长改进模型,数值模拟结果表明,微气泡减阻技术不仅能大幅减小黏性阻力,还能有效减小模型总阻力。  相似文献   

IMPROVED FORECASTING OF COLD AIR OUTBREAKS OVER SOUTHERN CHINA THROUGH OROGRAPHIC GRAVITY WAVE DRAG PARAMETERIZATION     

钟水新  陈子通  王刚  蒙伟光  黄荣 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2016,22(4):522-534

The parameterization of gravity wave drag induced by sub-grid scale orography(GWDO), which has been used in the regional model based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Tropical Mesoscale Model(GRAPES_TMM), is extended to include the effect of mountain flow blocking drag(MBD). The extended scheme is evaluated against non-GWDO parameterization, including a cold air outbreak over southern China and a monthly verification in February 2012. The experiment results show that the GWDO and MBD parameterization both improves the forecasting of the cold air outbreaks over southern China, as well as alleviations of system bias of GRAPES_TMM.(1) The extended scheme alleviates the strong southerly wind and high surface temperature simulation during the cold air outbreak, especially over northern Guangxi and Guangdong(NGG) province, where local high surface temperature simulation reduces nearly 5 degree.(2) The MBD parameterization improves southerly wind simulations over NGG, as well as surface temperature forecasts improvement over Guangxi, Guizhou province and southern Yunnan-Guizhou plateau(YUP), and low level southerly wind simulation improvement over intertidal zone over south China.(3) The formation of MBD is mainly in the mountain area(Wuyi, Daba mountain, east of YUP) and coastal area. The MBD over plateau, which is mainly formed at the west of 105°E, is stronger and thicker than that over Nanling mountain.(4) The improvement of GWDO and MBD parameterization is stable in model physics. MBD parameterization demonstrates more overall improvements in the forecasts than GWDO, and the larger of the model forecast error is, the greater improvements of MBD contribute to. Overall, the extended GWDO scheme successfully improves the simulations of meteorological elements forecasting during cold air outbreaks.  相似文献   

Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of the Liyashan oyster reefs,Jiangsu Coast,China     

Hangjie Lin  Qian Yu  Zhiyun Du  Yiyang Fan  Yunwei Wang  Shu Gao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(10):118-128

Oyster reefs and their spatial patterns are deemed to change the local hydrodynamic condition and exert profound impacts on the grain size, concentration and transportation of suspended sediments. Meanwhile, high suspended sediment concentration often results in excess mortality among oysters. Oyster reefs are rare and vital ecosystem in Liyashan national marine park, Jiangsu Coast, China. However, urgent conservation efforts should be made on account of the drastic reduction in reef areas. To investigate the sediment dynamics and the geomorphology, two tripod observation systems were deployed and UAV aerial surveys with elevation measurement using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) were also carried out. High mud content (60%) was found in the bed sediment at the reef ridge, causing much lower drag coefficient than other recorded values of living oyster reefs, indicating the death of oysters and the degradation of reefs in Liyashan. Ridgelines of the string reefs at 45° to the current direction and high suspended sediment concentration in the water body (50–370 mg/L) that exceeds the threshold (200 mg/L), which would affect nutrient uptake efficiency and further result in gill saturation, decrease of clearance rate and associated deposition, were probably crucial causes of the death of oysters. The findings are useful for restoring natural oyster reefs and designing artificial reefs for nature-based coastal defense.  相似文献   

考虑钙质砂细观颗粒形状影响的液体拖曳力系数试验     

吴野  王胤  杨庆 《岩土力学》2018,39(9):3203-3212

钙质砂作为南海岛礁填筑常用的岩土材料,其渗透性很大程度上决定着填筑后土体的固结和沉降。拖曳力系数是表达流体对土体颗粒表面力的参数,也是表征颗粒状土体渗透能力的一个重要参数,目前国内外对钙质砂拖曳力系数的研究十分有限。首先引入一个修正的三维参数 对钙质砂这种天然非规则颗粒材料的形状进行定量描述,然后开展一系列单个钙质砂颗粒在液体中沉降试验,利用高速相机记录颗粒沉降过程,结合图像处理技术获得颗粒沉降平衡速度Ut,进而计算出拖曳力系数CD和雷诺数Re,最后拟合出包含CD、Re及 三个参数的钙质砂拖曳力系数半经验模型。结果发现,在相同雷诺数条件下钙质砂的形状系数 越大,拖曳力系数越小。通过与其他研究结果对比发现,其表面微孔隙越发育,拖曳力系数越小的规律。该模型能够考虑不规则颗粒形状对拖曳力系数的影响,从而提高对土体渗透性预测的精度,对南海岛礁填筑工程中钙质砂固结和沉降的计算也具有重要意义。  相似文献   

不同倒角半径下方柱绕流的数值模拟及水动力特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜明倩  毛海英  李宇佳 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):137-142

为了研究不同倒角半径对方柱绕流特性的影响,采用有限体积法,模拟了雷诺数Re为22 500、倒角半径为0.1D(D为方柱边长的长度)、0.2D和0.3D时方柱的绕流过程。方柱近壁面采用增强壁面函数,模型采用SST k–?湍流模型。根据模拟结果给出了不同倒角半径下方柱的流场涡量图以及阻力系数Cd和升力系数Cl;利用快速傅里叶变换法得到斯托罗哈数St。结果表明,倒角半径的增加改变了方柱的分离点,使得尾流区长度增加,旋涡尺度减小;Cd和Cl的振动幅值呈现先减小后增大的趋势,倒角半径为0.1D和0.2D时方柱受力较小,不存在倒角时方柱受力较大,倒角半径为0.3D时方柱受力最大;随着倒角半径的增加,柱体截面形式越接近圆形,斯托罗哈数逐渐增大,漩涡脱落频率更快。  相似文献   

SWAN模型中不同风拖曳力系数对风浪模拟的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

丁磊  于博 《海洋学报》2017,39(11):14-23

本文以荷兰哈灵水道海域为实验区域,通过敏感性实验,研究了在14 m/s、31.5 m/s和50 m/s（分别代表一般大风、强热带风暴和强台风的极端条件）定常风速下SWAN模型中不同风拖曳力系数对风浪模拟的影响程度。结果表明,对于近岸浅水区域（水深小于20 m）,风拖曳力系数计算方案的选择对有效波高影响较小,而且当风速增加到一定程度后,波浪破碎成为影响波高值的主要因素;对于深水区域（水深大于30 m）,一般大风条件下风拖曳力系数计算方案的选择对有效波高影响仍然较小,随着风速的继续增大,风拖曳力系数计算方案的选择对有效波高的影响逐渐显著。对于平均周期,风拖曳力系数计算方案的选择和风速的改变对其影响均较小,而由水深变浅导致的波浪破碎对其影响较为显著。根据敏感性实验结果,本文对SWAN模型中风拖曳力系数计算方案的选择做出如下建议:计算近岸浅水区域风浪场或深水区域一般大风条件风浪场时,其风拖曳力系数可以直接采用模型默认选项;而对于深水区域更大风速条件,可首先采用模型默认选项试算,然后结合当地海域实测波浪资料进行修正。  相似文献   

中纬热层大气质量密度经向结构差异研究          下载免费PDF全文

王慧  张科灯  万欣 《地球物理学报》2016,59(10):3573-3579

本文利用CHAMP卫星以及全球电离层-热层模型(GITM)来研究太阳活动低年(2007—2009年)中纬热层大气质量密度(ρ)的经度结构变化.结果如下:(1)ρ存在明显的经度单波结构(单峰和单谷),且南北半球反相,波峰和波谷随着地方时增加而向东移动;(2)模拟表明离子拖曳效应在ρ结构差异的形成中起到了重要的作用,欧亚地区电子密度经度差异性较弱,不足以影响ρ经度分布,导致该地区ρ经度差异不明显;(3)在磁中纬地区,太阳天顶角的经度差异可达20°~30°,太阳光加热的经度不均匀性是导致ρ经度差异的另一个主要原因.  相似文献