疏浚对巢湖重污染入湖河流沉积物中污染物赋存及释放的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王广召  方涛  唐巍  司马小峰 《湖泊科学》2014,26(6):837-843

以巢湖重污染入湖河流双桥河为研究对象,研究了底泥疏浚对水质以及沉积物中总氮、总磷和有机质的短期影响及长期效应.结果表明,双桥河水质的季节变化显著,受上游城市污水及周边面源污染的影响,疏浚对水质改善作用不明显.表层沉积物中总氮、总磷及有机质含量在疏浚结束后1个月有所降低,但是2年后分别回复到疏浚前的189.77%、111.62%和152.87%.疏浚结束2年后,沉积物中磷主要以钙磷和有机磷的形式存在,铝磷和铁磷的含量较少,弱结合态磷的含量最低;但是表层沉积物中的弱结合态磷、铝磷和铁磷结合态磷含量较疏浚前分别升高了728.32%、13.52%和37.73%,并呈现出表层富集现象,存在较高的污染物释放风险.这可能是由沉积环境改变、外源污染未得到有效控制引起的.因此,为了维持疏浚的长期效果,应该对外源污染源进行有效控制.  相似文献   

太湖西北部典型疏浚/对照湖区内源性营养盐释放潜力对比   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈超  钟继承  邵世光  刘成  范成新 《湖泊科学》2014,26(6):829-836

通过采集太湖西北部闾江口、八房港、月亮湾和竺山湾疏浚区与未疏浚对照区8个样点共32根沉积物柱状样于室内进行内源负荷模拟研究和沉积物基本性质分析发现,除闾江口疏浚区沉积物总磷和可交换态磷含量高于未疏浚区外,其余指标如烧失量、总氮、可交换态氮等均表现为未疏浚区沉积物高于疏浚区沉积物的特征,说明疏浚区沉积物营养盐的释放潜力低于未疏浚对照组.八房港、月亮湾以及竺山湾疏浚区沉积物铵态氮、正磷酸盐的潜在释放速率均比相应未疏浚对照区沉积物低,疏浚区沉积物铵态氮的潜在释放速率分别是未疏浚区的65.3%、88.8%和21.9%,正磷酸盐的潜在释放速率分别是未疏浚区的-26.6%、11.3%和50.2%.而闾江口疏浚区沉积物铵态氮和正磷酸盐的潜在释放速率却远高于未疏浚区(疏浚区分别为未疏浚区的2.6倍和6.4倍),这可能与闾江口水体呈现弱还原环境及沉积物中有机质含量高有关,另外也可能与闾江口沉积物污染物的赋存深度和疏浚工程的疏浚深度有关.  相似文献   

疏堵结合堵漏技术在基坑渗漏处理中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

邵吉成  骆嘉成  卢立海 《探矿工程》2020,47(6):92-96

以温州市江滨商务区桃花岛片区T05—18地块项目基坑堵漏为例,详细论述了该基坑出现渗漏的原因,并采用疏堵结合堵漏技术对该基坑进行堵漏。用导流管对漏水口进行疏水,可缓解漏水口及周围部分区域土层中的水压力,提高堵漏的成功率;再通过双液注浆的方式,截断基坑中部分水流路径,从而减小漏水口的水流量,同时对基坑起到加固作用。结果表明,疏堵结合堵漏技术在应用中具有快捷、精准、有效等特点,该基坑内57处漏水口均得到有效处理。  相似文献   

Floods in Bangladesh: A question of disciplining the rivers     

Gazi Md. Khalil 《Natural Hazards》1990,3(4):379-401

Bangladesh has been experiencing floods more frequently than ever before. Since 1947, she has been hit by extremely devastating floods in 1954, 1955, 1956, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1976, 1984, 1987, and 1988. Each year's highest flood record and damage costs have been broken by that of the subsequent year. All means of communication become paralysed. People lose food grains, domestic animals, homesteads, and lives. They remain marooned without food and drinking water until relief arrives. Despite huge spending on flood control, the intensity of the floods has been increasing. Therefore, speculation is naturally rife about the causes.The aim of this paper is to identify the factors which contribute to these devastating floods, and then to recommend an appropriate strategy for effective flood control. The geography, geology, and hydrology of Bangladesh are briefly discussed. The whole of the country is a huge river basin criss-crossed by as many as seven hundred rivers, tributaries, and distributaries, having a total length of 22 155 km.The river-beds are rendered shallow by heavy deposits of alluvial earth each year and tend easily to cause inundations. The quantum of silt carried by the river systems into Bangladesh is estimated to be 2.4 × 10⁹ tonnes/yr.Disciplining the rivers means keeping the rivers navigable all year round, removing excessive deposits of silt where they threaten to block a channel, preventing widening by erosion, contracting the width where the river is excessively wide, and last but not least, preventing construction whose eventual impact might prove harmful.Natural disasters do not respect political frontiers, nothing can stop them, but their adverse impact could be minimised. The author emphasises the need for employing the abundant cheap manpower, local materials, and indigenous technology for flood control projects.  相似文献   

Gravel seeding – A suitable technique for restoring the seabed following marine aggregate dredging?     

Keith Cooper  Suzanne WareKoen Vanstaen  Jon Barry 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Restoration of offshore marine habitats is a relatively new concept, with attempts in the European Union being largely instigated by requirements of various strategic directives. In this experiment, we investigate the practicality and effectiveness of gravel seeding, using a commercial aggregate dredging vessel, in order to recreate a gravel habitat. The experimental design consisted of a Treatment and Control site, both within an area of historic dredging characterised by an overburden of sand, and a gravel dominated Reference site. All sites were surveyed, using a combination of acoustic, camera and grab techniques, 2 months before, and then at 0, 12 and 22 months after the deposition of 4444 m³ of gravel dominated sediments within the Treatment site. Although financial and practical constraints limited replication of the Treatment to one area, and so precluded strong statistical conclusions, our results suggested that the technique was both practically feasible, and successful in terms of returning the physical and biological attributes at the Treatment site to a state more representative of gravelly substrata in the wider, un-impacted environment.  相似文献   

Setting limits for acceptable change in sediment particle size composition: Testing a new approach to managing marine aggregate dredging     

Keith M. Cooper 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

A baseline dataset from 2005 was used to identify the spatial distribution of macrofaunal assemblages across the eastern English Channel. The range of sediment composition found in association with each assemblage was used to define limits for acceptable change at ten licensed marine aggregate extraction areas. Sediment data acquired in 2010, 4 years after the onset of dredging, were used to assess whether conditions remained within the acceptable limits. Despite the observed changes in sediment composition, the composition of sediments in and around nine extraction areas remained within pre-defined acceptable limits. At the tenth site, some of the observed changes within the licence area were judged to have gone beyond the acceptable limits. Implications of the changes are discussed, and appropriate management measures identified. The approach taken in this study offers a simple, objective and cost-effective method for assessing the significance of change, and could simplify the existing monitoring regime.  相似文献   

Impacts of projected climate change on sediment yield and dredging costs          下载免费PDF全文

Travis A. Dahl  Anthony D. Kendall  David W. Hyndman 《水文研究》2018,32(9):1223-1234

Changes in climate may significantly affect how sediment moves through watersheds into harbours and channels that are dredged for navigation or flood control. Here, we applied a hydrologic model driven by a large suite of climate change scenarios to simulate both historical and future sediment yield and transport in two large, adjacent watersheds in the Great Lakes region. Using historical dredging expenditure data from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, we then developed a pair of statistical models that link sediment discharge from each river to dredging costs at the watershed outlet. Although both watersheds show similar slight decreases in streamflow and sediment yield in the near‐term, by Mid‐Century, they diverge substantially. Dredging costs are projected to change in opposite directions for the two watersheds; we estimate that future dredging costs will decline in the St. Joseph River by 8–16% by Mid‐Century but increase by 1–6% in the Maumee River. Our results show that the impacts of climate change on sediment yield and dredging may vary significantly by watershed even within a region and that agricultural practices will play a large role in determining future streamflow and sediment loads. We also show that there are large variations in responses across climate projections that cause significant uncertainty in sediment and dredging projections.  相似文献   

Sediment removal efficiency of siphon dredging with wedge-type suction head and float tank     

Su-Chin CHEN Shun-Chang WANG Chun-Hung WU 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(2):149-160

Siphon dredging with a float tank and different siphon suction heads, including the plain-type and wedge-type with/without side holes, through flume experiments were used to investigate the reservoir sediment removal efficiency. The experiment revealed maximum suction pressure and velocity when the distance from the suction head to the bed was about 25% of suction head diameter. Suction pressure decreased rapidly as the distance from the suction head to the bed increased to 50% and 100% of suction head diameter. Suction pressure achieved by wedge-type suction head was only 16.9-17.6% of that around plain-type suction head, and the velocity around wedge-type suction head was 64.7-68.4% of that around plain-type suction head. However the plain-type suction head was easily clogged doe to its long bobbing period. The average bobbing period for the plain-type suction head was about 105-263% that of the wedge-type suction head. The sediment removal efficiency was achieved when float tank diameter was 3-4 times that of the suction head. Flow discharge and sediment removal increased as the suction head diameter and side hole diameter increased, respectively. The most efficient side hole area was an area within 15% of suction head area. Totally, the optimal sediment removal efficiency was the wedge angle of 20° with 3 side holes. The efficiency of sediment dredging by siphon suction with a suction tube passing through the dam bottom was better than that with suction passing over the top of the dam. The wedge-type siphon suction with a float tank is preferable for sediment dredging in small reservoirs because it is inexpensive and efficient.  相似文献   

大连湾沉积物-水界面BAP 交换通量的影响因素     

宗虎民  张志锋  王燕  张哲 《海洋科学》2012,36(7):117-122

利用实验室培养法研究了不同因素对大连湾沉积物-水界面间生物可利用磷(BAP)交换通量的影响,并利用实验室培养法和间隙水浓度梯度法估算了大连湾已疏浚区和疏浚点邻近海域沉积物-水界面BAP的交换通量.结果表明,随着上覆水pH和温度的增加,BAP由沉积物向水体释放量逐渐增加;灭菌和贫氧条件下,也会导致沉积物BAP的释放量增加;上覆水中磷酸盐浓度的升高会导致BAP由沉积物向水体释放通量降低,且随着上覆水磷酸盐浓度的不断升高,BAP逐渐转化为由水体向沉积物中扩散.实验室培养法和间隙水浓度梯度法测定结果均显示,受到疏浚工程的影响,大连湾疏浚点邻近海域沉积物-水界面BAP的年均通量大于已疏浚区.不同季节,大连湾沉积物-水界面BAP的交换通量有所不同,表现为夏季最高,冬季最低.但由于受疏浚活动的影响,冬季疏浚点邻近海域沉积物-水界面BAP的交换通量也维持在较高水平.  相似文献   

吹填粉细砂的无填料振冲密实试验与工程应用     

何开胜  过兴发 《岩土力学》2012,33(4):1129-1133

对长江下游河漫滩地新吹填的松散粉细砂,通过原位监测仪器和跟踪检测,进行了无填料振冲试验、施工技术开发和设计应用。研究了无填料振冲过程中桩周土的超静孔压变化与振冲有效范围,比较了振冲密实前、后桩周土强度变化。针对施工跟踪检测中发现的桩身土局部欠密实问题,分析了缺陷产生原因,提出了解决措施。结果表明,目前规范认为应加填料振冲处理的各种松散粉细砂,只要试验方法得当,及时发现振冲中可能出现的问题并予以解决,吹填粉细砂的无填料振冲密实法是可以大面积应用的。工程试验后提出的振冲设计参数、施工工艺参数和质量控制方法,最终检测显示,工程桩各项指标达到堆场使用要求。  相似文献