青岛马斯特造船厂项目疏浚方案优选     

贾怡然  孙英兰  张学庆 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,(Z1)

港池疏浚产生的高浓度悬浮泥沙,对海域环境的影响不能忽视。在建立近海悬浮物二维输移扩散数值模型的基础上.采用有限元分步杂交方法求解,对两种不同施工方案下悬浮物的输移扩散进行预测模拟。根据预测结果,对比分析两种施工方法可能对附近海域水质环境适成影响的程度,为施工方案的选择提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Geotechnical Engineering Issues in Ocean Waste Disposal: A Review     

Kenneth R. Demars  Ronald C. Chaney 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2006,24(3):219-235

Marine pollution has received considerable attention during the past few years as the news media has focused on such topics as contaminated seafoods, algae blooms, fish and mammal kills, and dirty beaches. The source of these pollution problems are many and include: sewage outfalls, industrial discharges, storm runoff from agricultural lands and metropolitan areas, waste sludges, dredge materials, and highly concentrated chemical and radioactive wastes. Although the United Nations has banned marine dumping, there is still the problem of legacy wastes and low level discharges into the coastal zone. Disposal of these wastes in the marine environment typically involves either: their placement directly on or within the seabed or dilution in the water column. If wastes are diluted in the water column, they have the potential to be adsorbed onto the surface of sediment particles which are settling to the seabed. As particles settle through the water column they are subjected to extensive dispersal and may eventually be injested by bottom-feeding organisms or bio-accumulation by plankton and, thus, enter the food chain. Geotechnical engineers working as members of multidisciplinary teams apply quantitative knowledge about the behavior and physical performance of earth materials toward designing systems for disposing of these wastes in the oceans and aid in monitoring waste disposal sites. In dredged material disposal geotechnical engineers assist in selecting disposal equipment, predict stable characteristics of dredged material mounds, design mound caps, and predict erodibility of the material. With sewage outfalls, geotechnical engineers design foundation and anchor elements, estimate scour potential around the outfalls, and determine the stability of deposits made up of discharged materials. Geotechnical engineers also consider the influence that pollutants have on the engineering behavior of marine sediment and the extent to which changes in behavior affect the performance of structures founded on the sediment. In each of these roles, careful application of geotechnical engineering principles can contribute toward more efficient and environmentally safe disposal operations.  相似文献   

挖沙降河与黄河的治理     

侯国本  丁东 《海岸工程》1997,(4)

挖沙降河是减沙入海沉沙的治河方法，它可以充分开发黄河的水沙资源，改良黄河三角洲的生态环境。此方法在技术上可行，经济上效益高，是黄河三角洲经济向良性循环发展的良好决策。  相似文献   

长春南湖水体富营养化治理效果分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘显臣 《湿地科学》2005,3(4):274-278

通过对南湖水质污染现状评价与历史追溯,判断长时期的生态治理与近年来的挖泥清污工作对4个代表区域水质的改善效果。选择能够代表水质污染特点的典型指标——BOD5、CODCr、TN、TP、透明度5项因子,对南湖1988年、1999年和2001年水质状况进行了综合比较。结果表明,南湖水质近年来有所改善,长时期的生态治理对南湖水质改善作用功不可没;近年来的挖泥清污工作使各区域水质亦有改善,但效果不如生态治理。为了达到最优控制效果,挖泥清污工作应继续进行,并应引进新的水源。  相似文献   

The direct and indirect effects of suction dredging on a razor clam (Ensis arcuatus) population     

Robinson  R. F.; Richardson  C. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(5):970-977

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太湖东部不同类型湖区底泥疏浚的生态效应   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

毛志刚  谷孝鸿  陆小明  曾庆飞  谷先坤  李旭光 《湖泊科学》2014,26(3):385-392

为研究底泥生态疏浚对太湖东部不同类型湖区水生生态系统的影响,2012年8月于东太湖养殖湖区和胥口湾草型湖区采集沉积物和生物样品,分析疏浚对底泥污染控制、水质改善以及各生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,底泥疏浚能有效去除表层沉积物中的营养物质,降低底泥重金属含量及其潜在生态风险,但底泥疏浚对不同类型湖区水质和生物群落结构的影响存在明显差别.在富营养化较严重的东太湖养殖湖区,底泥疏浚达到了一定的改善水质的效果,浮游植物密度、生物量均不同程度降低,且群落中蓝藻所占比例下降;水生植物和底栖动物群落也在较短时间内得到恢复;胥口湾草型湖区的底泥疏浚则破坏了原先良好的水生植物群落,造成湖区整体水质下降,各主要生物类群的恢复相对缓慢.  相似文献   

太湖底泥和疏竣堆场中持久性有机污染物的分布及潜在生态风险   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

张路  范成新  鲜启鸣  马莹莹  赵中华  邹惠仙 《湖泊科学》2007,19(1):18-24

以太湖的重污染湖区-五里湖为例,以有机氯农药和多环芳烃为主要目标化合物,分析了疏竣湖区底泥中典型持久性有机污染物的蓄积规律和对生态的潜在影响.分析结果表明:五里湖疏竣湖区底泥中的多环芳烃类有机物在深度上呈指数分布特征,上层底泥中的含量显著高于下层,但对湖区生态没有显著影响;五里湖底泥受到一定的有机氯农药的污染,以六六六和DDE等污染为主,但对比生态风险评估指标仍属于生态安全的底泥.疏竣堆场土壤中多环芳烃的含量仅为五里湖疏竣底泥的1/6,在堆场使用后8个月后,堆场底泥中16种优先检测的多环芳烃含量与湖区底泥仍相当.但堆场使用后,堆场的水花生秸秆内多环芳烃含量发生了显著变化,其总含量增加为原来的6倍,有四种多环芳烃含量超过了生态风险效应区间低值但低于效应区间高值.原秸秆内不含有的苯并[a]蒽和(屈)也被检出,说明堆放五里湖疏竣底泥后对植物产生了一定的生态威胁.  相似文献   

Promising signs of regeneration of blue cod and oyster habitat changed by dredging in Foveaux Strait,southern New Zealand     

H. John Cranfield  Glen Carbines  Keith P. Michael  Alistair Dunn  Dean R. Stotter  Darren J. Smith 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):897-908

Epifaunal reefs in Foveaux Strait are oyster (Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845) habitat. One hundred and thirty years of oyster dredging has diminished the complexity and distribution of these reefs. Commercial densities of blue cod (Parapercis colias (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)) were discovered on epifaunal reef habitat in 1989 and became the focus of a major blue cod fishery. We document habitat changes that followed the closing of the oyster fishery in 1993 and interactions between the blue cod and oyster fisheries after the oyster fishery was reopened in 1996. Evidence from blue cod fishers and oyster surveys suggests that the benthic habitat of some oyster beds regenerated in the absence of dredging and that the relative density of blue cod, and then oysters, rebuilt to commercial levels. Benthic habitat was modified once more when oyster dredging restarted and the relative density of blue cod on oyster beds fell again. The observations suggest that rotational fishing of oysters could mitigate the effects of dredging on habitat and that marine protected areas could expedite habitat recovery. Increasing habitat complexity and blue cod density on a reef of oyster shells formed by an oyster fisher suggests that habitat enhancement might remedy effects of dredging. The questions raised by the observations could be answered by management experiments on the scale of the fisheries.  相似文献   

Sedimentation patterns caused by scallop dredging in a physically dynamic environment     

Dale AC  Boulcott P  Sherwin TJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2433-2441

Scallop dredging grounds in the Firth of Lorn, western Scotland, are juxtaposed with rocky reef habitats raising concerns that reef communities may be impacted by sediment disturbed by nearby scallop dredging. A particle-tracking model of sediment transport and settling is applied at two scales. In the near-field, a suspension of typical sand/gravel-dominated bed sediment is subjected to a steady current across the dredge track. In the far-field, silt particles, which may persist in suspension for multiple tidal cycles, are tracked in the context of a regional model of tidally-driven flow. The principal sedimentary risk to reef habitats is predicted to come from settling sand particles when dredge tracks approach within tens of metres of a reef. The cumulative effect of dredging at the relatively low intensities recorded in this region is not expected to have a significant long-term impact on suspended silt concentrations and settlement in this highly dispersive environment.  相似文献   

航道疏浚工程竣工验收数字化测量技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾文伟 《测绘信息与工程》2011,36(6):26-28

根据航道疏浚工程竣工验收数字化测量作业流程,阐述了航道疏浚工程竣工验收测量方法和技巧,并借助测量成图软件CASS,绘制航道疏浚工程竣工图,并对绘制过程中的相关技术问题进行了探讨。  相似文献