Modelling nitrogen dynamics for a mesoscale catchment using a minimum information requirement (MIR) concept / Modélisation des dynamiques de l'azote pour un bassin versant de taille moyenne,utilisant le concept de besoin minimum d'information     

MICHAEL EISELE  CHRIS LEIBUNDGUT 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):753-768

Abstract

Based on the water balance model LARSIM (Large Area Simulation Model), a model for the simulation of nitrogen transport was developed in a mesoscale catchment in southwest Germany. To meet the needs and constraints in river basin management, the nitrogen model was developed following the concept of minimum information requirement (MIR). The modelling concept uses only few calibration parameters and only easily accessible input data. Water balance, runoff generation and nitrogen transport were simulated on a 1-km² grid of sub-areas in which different land-use classes and soil characteristics were accounted. Temporal variability of the storage of mobile nitrogen were described using a monthly based mass balance. Nitrogen mobilization and transport was simulated using monthly values of different runoff components and data for soil properties, topography, hydrogeology and river network. The simulation was calibrated and validated using streamflow from two gauging stations and observed nitrogen concentrations at the catchment outlet, showing reasonable results for both streamflow and nitrogen dynamics. The results of the model application are discussed in the context of uncertainty problems and their implications for water management.  相似文献   

金鼓鱼幼鱼对蛋白质的适宜需要量研究     

林思源  游翠红  王树启  李远友 《海洋科学》2015,39(6):39-47

为确定金鼓鱼(Scatophagus argus)日粮中蛋白质的适宜添加量,作者以酪蛋白为蛋白源、鱼油为脂肪源,配制脂肪水平为8%,蛋白水平分别为24%、28%、32%、36%、40%的5种配合饲料(D1~D5),在海上网箱中以初始体质量为4.3 g左右的幼鱼开展养殖实验。8周后,测定实验鱼增质量率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数、消化酶和一些免疫及抗氧化指标。结果显示,随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,金鼓鱼的增质量率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率等均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以D3组最高,3项指标均显著高于D1、D2组;饵料系数呈现先下降再上升趋势,以D3组最低,且显著低于D1、D2组。饲料蛋白水平也显著影响金鼓鱼的相关生理生化指标,其中D3和D4组的全鱼蛋白含量、消化道蛋白酶活性和一些免疫抗氧化指标最高,全鱼脂肪含量最低。根据饲料蛋白含量与增质量率的线性回归分析,确定金鼓鱼幼鱼饲料中的适宜蛋白水平为35%。  相似文献   

CORNELL DESIGN APPLIED ON OPTIMAL MACRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF FORMULATED DIETS FOR DAVID＇S SCHIZOTHORACIN [SCHIZOTHORAX （RACOMA） DAVID1] JUVENILES     

《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4)

采用Comell方法研究了初始重为（2．0±0．1）g的重口裂腹鱼幼鱼日粮中常量营养物质的适宜需求量。日粮中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物梯度变化范围分别为33％-51％、3％-18％和24％-33％,试验周期为60d。试验结果表明,除日粮蛋白质33％组鱼成活率明显下降外（P〈0．05）,其它试验日粮中3种常量营养物质含量对重口裂腹鱼幼鱼成活率没有显著影响（P〉0．05）。当日粮蛋白质水平≤45％时,其特定生长率随着日粮蛋白质水平上升而明显增加;当日粮蛋白质水平在33％-36％时,重口裂腹鱼的特定生长率显著降低（P〈0．05）。除12％日粮脂肪组试验鱼外,9％日粮脂肪组试验鱼的特定生长率显著性高于其它脂肪水平日粮组（P〈0．05）,但当日粮中脂肪含量≥15％后,重口裂腹鱼鱼体脂肪含量显著上升（P〈0．05）,肝细胞脂肪变性明显。日粮中不同的碳水化合物水平对重口裂腹鱼特定生长率没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但当日粮中碳水化合物为33％时,鱼体糖原含量显著增加（P〈0．05）。试验表明,重口裂腹鱼幼鱼日粮蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物3种常量营养物质的适宜需求量分别为45％、9％和≤30％。日粮总能为19．0MJ／kg,蛋白质能量比（P／E）为23mg／J。  相似文献   

新疆伊犁河谷新垦区生态需水对土地利用变化的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈忠升  陈亚宁  陈亚鹏  李卫红 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):551-557

利用新疆伊犁河谷新垦区1985年、2000年和2008年3期土地利用数据,分析了1985-2008年间土地利用变化情况,并利用土地利用类型生态面积及生态用水定额资料,剖析了新垦区24 a来生态需水对土地利用变化的响应。研究结果表明:①24 a间,伊犁河谷新垦区土地利用发生了明显的变化,在耕地扩张的同时,维持生态稳定的草地急剧减少,表征生态退化的盐碱地和沙地呈快速增加趋势;②研究时期内,新垦区生态需水量增加了2.811亿m3,各地类对其影响程度存在差异,其中旱地、水田和水域对其影响最为显著。③新垦区农业开发程度较高,耕地已经成为主要土地利用类型,其生态需水量一直占据首位,致使人工生态需水量远高于天然生态需水量。  相似文献   

Spatial-temporal differences in in-stream flow requirement based on GIS: A case study of Yan’an region, northern Shaanxi     

WANG Lixia  REN Zhiyuan 《地理学报》2008,18(1):107-114

Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere espe-cially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yan’an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of the water-related processes in ecosystem. In this re-search, based on continuous nearly 50-year data including runoff volume, sediment discharge as well as sediment accretion from hydrographic stations, and 10-year information of water quality from pollution monitoring stations, the method for measuring in-stream flow require-ment has been put forward supported by experiential models and GIS spatial analysis. Addi-tionally, the changes of in-stream flow requirement for environment and economic develop-ment have been addressed from spatial-temporal dimensions. The results show that: (1) According to the central streams in Yan’an region, mean annual in-stream flow requirement reaches 1.0619 billion m3, and the surface water for economic exploitation is 0.2445 billion m3. (2) Mean annual in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers in flood period occupies over 80% of the integrated volume in a year. (3) From the 1950s to 1970s, in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers is comparatively higher, while from the 1980s to 1990s, this requirement presents a decreasing tendency.  相似文献   

饲料中锌含量对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)生长、饲料效率、矿物质含量和体组成的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

叶超霞  刘永坚  田丽霞  周立斌  阳会军  梁桂英 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(1):83-89

以ZnSO4·7H2O为锌源,用锌添加量为0、20、40、60、80和100mg/kg的实验饲料投喂斜带石斑鱼12周,研究其对斜带石斑鱼生长、饲料效率、矿物质含量和体组成的影响.结果表明,各实验组的增重率,饲料效率,存活率和全鱼、脊椎骨、鳞片的锌含量无显著差异.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的锰含量均随着饲料中锌的添加而降低,锰和锌存在明显的拮抗关系.全鱼的铁含量随着饲料中锌的添加而降低.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的钙、磷、镁含量均不受饲料中锌含量的影响.饲料中添加锌对全鱼水分、灰分,肌肉水分、脂肪,形态学指标,红细胞比容和血红蛋白含量没有显著影响.饲料中不添加锌时,全鱼的蛋白、脂肪和肌肉的蛋白、灰分含量较低.实验结果表明基础饲料中33mg/kg的锌已经满足斜带石斑鱼生长的需求,能使鱼体锌达到饱和.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹饲料中胆固醇的适宜添加量研究     

韩涛  王骥腾  胡水鑫  李新宇  李荣华  母昌考  王春琳 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(6):1524-1529

采用单因素实验设计方法, 以初始体重为20g左右的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹为实验对象, 胆固醇添加量为0.003%、0.3339%、0.655%、0.986%、1.303%和1.628%的实验饲料投喂8周, 研究其胆固醇需求量。结果表明, 饲料中添加0.003%—1.628%胆固醇对各处理组的存 活率无显著性影响(P>0.05)。随饲料胆固醇水平的上升, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率呈先上升后下降的趋势, 当饲料胆固醇水平≥0.655%时, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率呈下降趋势。折线模型表明, 饲料中胆固醇添加量为0.6%时, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率、性腺指数和壳宽增加达到最高值。根据增重率折线模型结果, 作者认为三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中添加0.6%左右胆固醇较为适宜  相似文献   

Development of seismic force requirements for buildings in Taiwan     

Juin-Fu Chai  Tsung-Jen Teng  Keh-Chyuan Tsai 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(3):349-358

This paper describes static and dynamic procedures to calculate seismic demand specified by the current seismic design code for buildings in Taiwan,which was issued in 2005.For design levels with a return period of475 years,the design spectral response acceleration can be developed for general sites,near-fault sites and Taipei Basin.In addition,in order to prevent building collapse during extremely large earthquakes and yielding of structural components and elements during frequent small earthquakes,the ...  相似文献   

Method for calculating ecological water storage and ecological water requirement of marsh     

《地理学报》2009,30(4):427-436

As one of the most typical wetlands,marsh plays an important role in hydrological and economic aspects,especially in keeping biological diversity.In this study,the definition and connotation of the ecological water storage of marsh is discussed for the first time,and its distinction and relationship with ecological water requirement are also analyzed.Furthermore,the gist and method of calculating ecological water storage and ecological water requirement have been provided,and Momoge wetland has been given as an example of calculation of the two variables.Ecological water use of marsh can be ascertained according to ecological water storage and ecological water requirement.For reasonably spatial and temporal variation of water storage and rational water resources planning,the suitable quantity of water supply to marsh can be calculated according to the hydrological conditions,ecological demand and actual water resources.  相似文献   

从造船的条件要求质疑“船台说”     

金行德 《热带地理》2009,29(2)

广州"秦汉造船遗址"根本就不存在,只不过是少数人的主观臆造而已."船台说"者采取先定性后论证及排斥不同意见的做法,具有一定的欺骗性.实际上,所谓的"造船遗址"并不具备造船的基本要素,文中提出了一系列"船台说"者无法自圆其说的问题.最后呼吁"船台说"者及政府有关部门采取实事求是的负责的态度,促成问题的早日解决.  相似文献