山地森林采伐作业的环境成本定量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑丽凤  周新年 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

在森林采运作业的成本核算中,不仅要考虑采运作业的各项劳动消耗和物化劳动,还应合理考虑到森林采运作业的环境成本.以天然林择伐试验样地的跟踪调查数据为基础,从涵养水源价值、保持水土价值、固碳释氧价值3方面对南方丘陵山地不同强度采伐经营的环境成本进行定量研究.结果表明,弱度择伐环境成本较小,仅1.7 元/m~3,中度、强度择伐环境成本分别为弱度的5.1、12.2倍,极强度择伐的环境成本最大,达到25.3 元/m~3,是弱度择伐的16.2倍;皆伐由于收获量大,其单位采伐量环境成本为弱度择伐的14.9倍,低于极强度采伐.研究结果有助于人们对林业生产的效益有进一步的认识,也期待能对继续本领域的研究有参考价值.  相似文献   

塔里木河下游植被生态需水量(英文)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

叶朝霞  陈亚宁  李卫红 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(2):261-272

We have appraised the relationships between soil moisture,groundwater depth, and plant species diversity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in western China,by analyzing field data from 25 monitoring wells across eight study sites and 25 permanent vegetation survey plots.It is noted that groundwater depth,soil moisture and plant species diversity are closely related.It has been proven that the critical phreatic water depth is five meters in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.We acquired the mean phreatic evaporation of different groundwater levels every month by averaging the two results of phreatic evaporation using the Qunk and Averyanov formulas.Based on different vegetation types and acreage with different groundwater depth,the total ecological water demand(EWD)of natural vegetation in 2005 was 2.4×108m 3in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Analyzing the monthly EWD,we found that the EWD in the growth season(from April to September)is 81%of the year's total EWD.The EWD in May,June and July was 47%of the year's total EWD,which indicates the best time for dispensing artificial water.This research aims at realizing the sustainable development of water resources and provides a scientific basis for water resource management and sound collocation of the Tarim River Basin.  相似文献   

江西数字强震动台网建设综述     

危小荣 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(1):114-117

对"十五"期间江西省数字强震动台网的建设内容、技术系统的组成以及运行情况进行了综合论述,该台网的建成结束了江西省无强震动观测的历史,将为当地的工程抗震设防、震害预测、区域地震动衰减规律研究及重大工程的地震安全性评价,地震区划等方面发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

龙滩水电工程地震台网设计与建设     

杨超英  姚宏 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(3):95-101

龙滩水电工程在我国规模仅次于三峡水电工程。本文论述了在龙滩大坝和库区周边建设地震监测台网的作用及意义,分别介绍了龙滩数字遥测地震台网和强震动台网的设计与建设情况,以及所取得的建设成果及投资效益。  相似文献   

A new carbon and oxygen balance model based on ecological service of urban vegetation   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Kai Yin  Qianjun Zhao  Xuanqi Li  Shenghui Cui  Lizhong Hua  Tao Lin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(2):144-151

The application of human induced oxygen consumption and carbon emission theory in urban region was summed up and on this base a new model of urban carbon and oxygen balance (UCOB) was constructed by calculating the carbon and oxygen fluxes. The purpose was to highlight the role of vegetation in urban ecosystems and evaluate the effects of various human activities on urban annual oxygen consumption and carbon emission. Hopefully,the model would be helpful in theory to keep the regional balance of carbon and oxygen,and provide guidance and support for urban vegetation planning in the future. To test the UCOB model,the Jimei District of Xiamen City,Fujian Province,China,a very typical urban region,was selected as a case study. The results turn out that Jimei′s vegetation service in oxygen emission and carbon sequestration could not meet the demand of the urban population,and more than 31.49 times of vegetation area should be added to meet the whole oxygen consumption in Jimei while 9.60 times of vegetation area are needed to meet the carbon sequestration targets. The results show that the new UCOB model is of a great potential to be applied to quantitative planning of urban vegetation and regional eco-compensation mechanisms.  相似文献   

Social construction functions of consumption space under stratification: The case of Guangzhou     

Geng Lin  Lianjun Wang  Xiaoying Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(5):450-460

As Chinese cities rapidly transformed themselves into consumerist societies, the relationship between consumers and consumption space under stratification has become a new research area in the field of urban social geography. Based on a consumer behavior analysis, this study explores the relationship between consumption space and the social strata of consumers in typical shopping malls in Guangzhou where the first shopping mall in China was built. The result shows that shopping malls have performed significant constructive functions of organizing consumers from different social classes into different consumption space. For middle- and upper-class consumers, the function of shopping malls centers on utilitarian consumption, identity recognition, and identity construction; whereas for lower-class consumers, its function revolves around pleasure and enjoyment. The symbolism of consumption space is the underlying reason for shopping malls to have their social constructive function. The findings of this research suggest that: 1) a shopping mall is a productive consumption space and a geographical space with subjectivity; 2) the micro-location of a shopping mall has social construction function; and 3) symbolic consumption is the core of social construction.  相似文献   

近20年来济南泉水补给区景观格局及其功能变化分析     

张戈丽  王立本  欧阳华  徐兴良  丁世刚  杨兆平 《地球信息科学学报》2010,12(5):593-601

本文以济南市泉水补给区为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析方法,在其景观变化分析的基础上,参照中国陆地生态系统的生态服务价值系数,估算了泉水补给区生态服务功能价值变化,重点分析景观变化对研究区生态服务功能的影响,进而为区域可持续发展和城市建设提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代以来,泉水补给区耕地和草地景观面积呈减少趋势,林地、园地和建设用地景观面积大幅增加,其中,以林地面积增加最大;从景观类型转化看,耕地与其他景观类型相互转化较为密切,特别是与建设用地和园地之间的转化;林地面积的增加主要来源于草地和耕地;(2)泉水补给区生态服务功能价值主要由林地和耕地景观生态服务价值构成,其变化对该研究区生态服务价值变化起决定作用;从生态服务价值构成类型来看,该地区土壤形成与保护服务功能单项价值所占比重最大,约占总服务功能价值的20%;(3)90年代以来,该地区总生态服务价值呈增加趋势;从单项服务价值变化来看,水源涵养、废物处理和食物生产服务功能价值则呈现出减小趋势,其中,以水源涵养减幅最大,为4.01%,主要是由该区建设用地增加,地面硬化面积增多而引起的。研究认为,济南市南部山区作为重要的泉水补给区,其生态服务功能尤为重要,特别是水源涵养功能,因此,研究区水源涵养服务功能价值的降低应在今后南部山区开发过程中得到足够的重视与保护,逐步增加泉水补给区的整体生态效益。  相似文献   

中国荒漠植物-土壤系统生态化学计量学研究进展     

卢建男  刘凯军  王瑞雄  李彦杰  宁志英  陈雪萍  赵思腾  王少昆  赵学勇 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):173-182

荒漠生态系统是中国陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,具有独特的结构和功能.生态化学计量学重点关注C、N、P元素比例及权衡关系,已成为揭示生态系统养分循环及其限制等生态过程的有力工具.植物自身体现出对养分元素的调控能力和对环境变化的响应及适应性,土壤C∶N∶P可表征土壤养分供应能力和储量变化,植物-土壤系统中N、P的养分循环关...  相似文献   

葡萄山公路隧道通风机房洞室群施工力学分析          下载免费PDF全文

丁葆琛  靳晓光  罗亮  贺喜 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(2):65-69

在长大隧道施工过程中,通风机房洞室群的施工是整个隧道施工过程的关键。本文借助ANSYS通用软件,结合葡萄山特长公路隧道通风机房洞室群开挖施工过程,建立了基于D-P准则的非线性三维有限元分析模型,对通风机房洞室群在施工过程中围岩的稳定性进行了研究。以应力和位移变化最为明显的送风通道轴线剖切模型所得到的断面为例,分析了施工步的变化及各支洞的开挖对主隧道位移、应力和塑形区的影响,并与隧道监控量测资料进行了对比分析,得到了计算位移与监测资料比较一致的结论,为隧道通风机房洞室群优化设计和安全施工提供了依据。  相似文献   

强风化花岗岩弹塑性本构模型研究(Ⅱ):工程应用     

陈卫忠  曹俊杰  于洪丹  贾善坡  陈培帅 《岩土力学》2011,32(12):3541-3547

根据文献[1]优化反演得到隧址处强风化围岩应变硬化弹塑性本构模型的计算参数,通过数值仿真研究CRD法、双侧壁法和台阶法3种工法时围岩与支护结构的受力变形情况,结果表明,CRD法为最优工法。在此基础上,根据翔安隧道左线ZK8+257～ZK8+307段的现场实际施工情况,建立三维模型动态模拟隧道CRD法开挖支护全过程,并将计算的变形位移与现场实测数据进行对比分析。研究表明：提出的弹塑性硬化本构模型及其数值仿真技术可较好地反映强风化花岗岩隧道开挖过程中的变形和破坏规律。其研究成果可为衬砌结构设计以及国内同类型隧道的施工和衬砌支护技术设计提供可靠指导。  相似文献