Identification of the core ecosystem services and their spatial heterogeneity in Poyang Lake area     

Nana Shi  Jinyan Zhan  Feng Wu  Jifu Du 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(2):214-220

According to the ecosystem assessment framework developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), this paper designs an evaluation system of ecosystem services in Poyang Lake area. On the basis of relevant variables disaggregated to 1 km grid using the gridded 1 km, this paper employs factor analysis to extract a number of factors which characterize the ecosystem services of Poyang Lake area. The extracted principal component are then represented onto 1 km×1 km grids by spatial clustering analysis to recognize and identify the minimal but consistent mapping units for ecosystem services which can be used to delimit the boundaries of ecological service zones. The research identifies ten ecosystem service zones in Poyang Lake area according to the consistent principle of core ecosystem service unit. Four kinds of core ecosystem services including supporting function, provisioning function, regulating function and cultural function are identified and represented. The research results could provide both spatially and temporally valuable decision-making information for sustainable ecosystem management in the targeted area.  相似文献   

海洋浮游生态系统中小型浮游动物的生态功能   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张武昌  张翠霞  肖天 《地球科学进展》2009,24(11)

小型浮游动物在海洋生态系统中的作用,主要指有多少能量通过小型浮游动物传递到桡足类,从而比较沿"浮游植物→中型浮游动物"和"浮游植物+细菌→小型浮游动物→中型浮游动物"两条食物链到达中型浮游动物的能流大小.为达到这个目的,需要研究各个能流路径的传递效率,即能量在各个营养级(初级生产--小型浮游动物,细菌生产--小型浮游动物,小型浮游动物的生长率,小型浮游动物--中型浮游动物)的传递效率.综述了国内外对上述营养级传递效率的研究现状,以期为我国的同类研究提供参考.浮游植物初级生产力被小型浮游动物摄食的比例平均为每天60%～75%,大大高于桡足类对浮游植物初级生产力的摄食压力每天10%.海洋浮游细茵的二次生产力相当于初级生产力的30%.其中80%～180%被小型浮游动物摄食.小型浮游动物的毛生长率为30%～40%,生产力是初级生产力的21%～34%.在西班牙西北部沿海,桡足类每天摄食2%～51%小型浮游动物生产力.因此,桡足类通过微食物网摄食的能量是初级生产力的0.4%～17%,与桡足类摄食初级生产的10%处于同一量级.不考虑碎屑提供的能流,小型浮游动物对桡足类饵料的贡献为20%以上,甚至可高达50%.  相似文献   

干旱区生态资产遥感定量评估模型研究   总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11  

周可法  陈曦  张海波  李静  张清 《干旱区地理》2004,27(4):492-497

生态系统服务经济价值的定量评估理论和方法研究是建立生态资产定量评估体系的基础,是干旱区经济可持续发展的必然要求。在3S技术的支持下,利用地面Landsat TM数据、中巴卫星数据、气象数据和MODIS数据,以及地表覆盖类型和野外测定观测数据等生态参数,在传统生态学生态资产单位面积价值研究的基础上建立了基于遥感定量测量的生态资产价值评估模型,以2003年的昌吉州为例,对生态资产的价值进行了评估,并编制了生态资产空间分布图,分析了其空间分布特征,结果表明：昌吉州生态系统2003年的生态资产总价值为177893亿元人民币,生态资产的分布具有从高山向平原、从绿洲向荒漠逐渐减少的趋势,具有和干旱区植被地带性分布一致的特征。测量结果可以更加客观地反映干旱区生态资产及其空间分布的现实情况,为今后开展相关研究奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

Functional measures and food webs of high elevation springs in the Swiss alps     

Christopher Thomas Robinson  Dominik Schmid  Matthias Svoboda  Stefano M. Bernasconi 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2008,70(4):432-445

  相似文献   

Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building III: Analysis of wave travel times via impulse response functions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maria I. Todorovska  Mihailo D. Trifunac   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(5):387-404

The majority of structural health monitoring methods are based on detecting changes in the modal properties, which are global characteristics of the structure, and are not sensitive to local damage. Wave travel times between selected sections of a structure, on the other hand, are local characteristics, and are potentially more sensitive to local damage. In this paper, a structural health monitoring method based on changes in wave travel times is explored using strong motion data from the Imperial Valley Earthquake of 1979 recorded in the former Imperial County Services (ICS) Building, severely damaged by this earthquake. Wave travel times are measured from impulse response functions computed from the recorded horizontal seismic response in three time windows—before, during, and after the largest amplitude response, as determined from previous studies of this building, based on analysis of novelties in the recorded response. The results suggest initial spatial distribution of stiffness consistent with the design characteristics, and reduction of stiffness following the major damage consistent with the spatial distribution of the observed damage. The travel times were also used to estimate the fundamental fixed-base frequency of the structure f₁ (assuming the building deformed as a shear beam), and its changes during this earthquake. These estimates are consistent with previous estimates of the soil–structure system frequency, f_sys, during the earthquakes (f₁<f_sys as expected from soil–structure interaction studies), and with other estimates of frequency (f₁ from ETABS models, and f_sys from ambient vibration tests, and “instantaneous” f₁ from high-frequency pulse propagation).  相似文献   

Quantitative study on pollen-based reconstructions of vegetation history from central Canada     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(8)

Based on high-resolution pollen records from lake cores in central Canada, the present study instructed pollen taxa assignations in ecosystem groups and modern analogue technique, reported major results of quantitative reconstructions of vegetation history during the last 1000 years, and discussed the validation of simulated vegetation. The results showed that in central America (115°-95°W, 40°-60°N), best analogue of the modern vegetation is 81% for boreal forest, 72% for parkland, and 94% for grassland-parkland, which are consistent with vegetation distributions of the North American Ecosystem II. Simulations of the past vegetation from the sedimentary pollen showed climate changes during the past 1000 years: it was warm and dry in the Medieval Warm period, cold and wet in the earlier period and cold and dry in the later period of the Little Ice Age. It became obviously increasing warm and drought in the 20th century. The present studies would provide us scientific basis to understand vegetation and climate changes during the last 1000 years in a characteristic region and in 10-100 year time scales.  相似文献   

北京生产性服务业与制造业的关联及空间分布   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

邱灵  申玉铭  任旺兵 《地理学报》2008,63(12):1299-1310

生产性服务业与制造业的有机融合、互动发展既是全球产业发展的趋势, 也是中国走 新型工业化道路的重要途径。以北京市为案例区, 运用相关分析、投入产出模型、空间自相 关模型、变异系数、地理联系率等, 对生产性服务业与制造业互动的产业关联与空间分布进 行实证研究, 旨在为首都产业结构优化、空间布局调整提供科学依据。研究表明： ① 生产性 服务业投入与制造业效益提升呈现正相关性, 但制造业服务化程度较低; ② 制造业对生产性 服务业的中间需求结构不断提升, 不同类型制造业对生产性服务业的中间需求结构存在明显 差异; ③ 生产性服务业对资源密集型制造业的中间投入趋于下降, 对技术密集型制造业的中 间投入趋于上升, 不同类型生产性服务业对制造业的中间投入结构存在明显差异; ④ 制造业 与配套生产性服务业均呈现显著的空间集聚性, 但集聚与分散的空间格局存在明显差异, 就 业空间分布的一致性较差, 进一步验证了制造业与配套生产性服务业具有空间可分性。  相似文献   

塔里木河下游断流河道整治引发的生态问题与重建对策分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

赵万羽  陈亚宁 《地理科学》2008,28(4):496-500

长期断流导致塔里木河下游主河道发育受阻,自然生态系统萎缩。河道治理措施保障了主河道输水的顺畅和水文生态的完整性,实现了上下游补偿性生态大转移(生态回归),但却抑制了河道自然发生规律,改变了原生种繁殖更新环境,河道两侧自然生态过程受阻,可持续维持的生命带变窄,人类需借助外力才能实现生态修复。塔里木河下游断流区生态恢复重建需要尊重客观历史,依托区域原有植被自然发生规律,应选择以柽柳灌丛为主要恢复种类,辅助人工引水渠系设施建设、断根萌蘖、人工补植等辅助手段,逐步实现对退化生态系统修复。  相似文献   

中国湿地研究进展——献给中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所建所50周年   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

吕宪国  刘晓辉 《地理科学》2008,28(3):301-308

中国湿地研究经历了由面上考察到长期定位研究、由资源调查到结构、功能、过程研究、由沼泽研究扩展到湿地各种类型研究等过程。中国湿地研究逐渐形成了自己的特色,近年来取得了长足进展。文章对近30年中国湿地研究主要进展进行了回顾,并对湿地科学进一步研究方向提出了建议。  相似文献   

太湖人工生态系统中氮循环细菌分布   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

王国祥  濮培民  黄宜凯  张圣照 《湖泊科学》1999,(2)

对太湖五里湖的以水生高等植物为主的湖泊人工生态系统,用最大可能数（ＭＰＮ）法,测定了该系统内各种生态类型水生高等植物群落内的４类氮循环细菌的分布．结果表明,反硝化细菌的最大可能数（ＭＰＮ）,在水生高等植物群落内水体中较敞水区湖水高２－５个数量级,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,漂浮植物群落内水体的反硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值较沉水和浮叶植物群落内水体高２－３个数量级,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值,敞水区湖水高于凤眼莲、水花生群落内水体,差异显著（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）,菱群落与其他群落比较,亦有极显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０１）;亚硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中较敞水区高 ３－ ４个数量级,差异极显著（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０１） ;氨化细菌ＭＰＮ值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中高于敞水区水体．除硝化细菌外,反硝化、亚硝化及氨化细菌均在根际处最为密集,且由根际向外呈现递减趋势．  相似文献