Micrometeorology and Atmospheric Boundary Layer     

S.?Pal?AryaEmail author 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(10):1721-1745

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副热带高压边缘连续两次强降水形成机制分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨晓霞 《山东气象》2017,37(3):62-72

利用常规观测资料、自动气象站加密观测资料、GPS/MET水汽监测资料、FY-2E卫星云图和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,对副热带高压边缘山东南部连续两次强降水的形成机制进行分析。结果表明,两次强降水都是由副热带高压边缘500 hPa弱西风槽过境影响产生的,副热带高压主体加强西移,850～700 hPa有较强的西南急流。强降水产生在西南低空急流的前方、暖式切变线附近;西南低空急流加强北上强降水开始,急流减弱强降水结束。强降水区与CAPE的高值区、低层水汽通量高值舌、水汽辐合中心、暖平流中心有较好的对应关系。西南低空急流、GPS/MET水汽监测对强降水的短时预报有一定的指示性。对流云团TBB最低为-78～-62 ℃,各观测站对应最大小时雨量为40～90 mm。强降水期间,850 hPa及以下有中尺度涡旋发展,涡旋尺度小,气压场上表现很弱,流场上表现明显,有明显的气旋性环流中心,在925 hPa涡旋中心东南部的暖平流中心降水强度最大。第一次强降水的中尺度涡旋源地发展,稳定少动,在其东南部上升运动强且降水强度大;第二次强降水中,冷空气在低层从西北部侵入,形成气旋,向东北移动,强降水产生在冷锋前部的暖区中,对流不稳定能量高,降水强度大、范围大。  相似文献   

The effect of transient eddy on interannual meridional displacement of summer East Asian subtropical jet   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

向洋  杨修群 《大气科学进展》2012,29(3):484-492

Using ERA-40 reanalysis daily data for the period 1958-2002,this study investigated the effect of transient eddy(TE) on the interannual meridional displacement of summer East Asian subtropical jet(EASJ) by conducting a detailed dynamical diagnosis.The summer EASJ axis features a significant interannual coherent meridional displacement.Associated with such a meridional displacement,the TE vorticity forcing anomalies are characterized by a meridional dipole pattern asymmetric about the climatological EASJ axis.The TE vorticity forcing anomalies yield barotropic zonal wind tendencies with a phase meridionally leading the zonal wind anomalies,suggesting that they act to reinforce further meridional displacement of the EASJ and favor a positive feedback in the TE and time-mean flow interaction.However,The TE thermal forcing anomalies induce baroclinic zonal wind tendencies that reduce the vertical shear of zonal wind and atmospheric baroclinicity and eventually suppress the TE activity,favoring a negative feedback in the TE and time-mean flow interaction.Although the two types of TE forcing tend to have opposite feedback roles,the TE vorticity forcing appears to be dominant in the TE effect on the time-mean flow.  相似文献   

近30a来北半球对流层大气月均环流的涡动减弱现象   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨哲  管兆勇  蔡佳熙 《南京气象学院学报》2012,(6):702-711

利用1980-2009年NCEP／NCAR月平均再分析资料,研究了在全球变暖背景下北半球对流层大气涡动减弱现象。结果表明：北半球涡度拟能30a来整体呈减弱趋势,在北太平洋地区和极地减弱尤为显著,12．5～50°N为影响北半球大气涡动变化的关键区域。由于对流层200hPa以下大气的增暖,特别是中高纬地区显著增暖,减弱了经向温度梯度,使得副热带西风急流的强度亦呈减弱趋势。这与涡度拟能的变化有显著的正相关关系。分析了北半球正压Rossby波动诊断量E和热量经向涡动通量的变化,表明中纬度波能传播在不同地区有不同趋势,而热量的经向涡动输送与涡度拟能的变化也呈现显著的正相关关系,减弱明显。研究结果对深刻认识大气环流变化规律和理解全球变暖的可能影响具有重要意义。  相似文献   

高空形势与山东半岛冷流暴雪的关系     

褚昭利  李建华 《气象与环境科学》2012,35(2):44-48

采用常规观测资料和NCEP1°×1°资料,对山东半岛2005年、2008年、2010年的几次典型冷流暴雪过程进行了分析。分析结果表明：冷流暴雪的高空形势主要分为高空冷涡型和高空横槽型。高空冷涡型较高空横槽型降雪量偏大,暴雪站点多。高空冷涡型500hPa层以上的位涡值较高空横槽型偏大,高层位涡有利于低层正涡度的加强,促使低层产生低压环流及辐合上升运动,上升运动加强了海面水汽的垂直输送,故高空冷涡型上升速度较高空横槽型强,湿层较厚,高空冷涡型较高空横槽型更容易产生暴雪过程。  相似文献   

北极海冰对2008年1月乌拉尔高压异常的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩哲  李双林 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(5):671-680

2008年1月我国南方发生了大范围的雨雪冰冻灾害天气,造成此次灾害的一个重要原因是乌拉尔高压异常的长期维持,而作为下垫面的海洋,2007/2008冬季环北欧海海冰异常偏少。观测资料合成分析表明,乌拉尔山地区出现高压异常与巴伦支海和喀拉海的海冰偏少存在密切对应关系。利用大气环流模式试验研究了(90°W~60°E)区域海冰异常对大气的影响,模拟结果显示海冰对乌拉尔高压异常有正的贡献,线性模式诊断表明天气尺度瞬变波是海冰影响乌拉尔高压异常的一种重要机制。  相似文献   

云贵高原西部大理地区近地层湍流特征分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨智  刘劲松  朱以维  董保举 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(1):117-124

利用大理国家气候观象台2007年3—12月观测资料,采用涡动相关法等计算方法分析了该地区湍流强度、湍流方差、湍流通量等特征量的日变化和干湿季变化特征。结果表明,湍流强度干季大于湿季;湍流方差与稳定度满足1／3次方定律,风速方差在稳定条件下比不稳定条件下离散,水平方向比垂直方向离散;湍流通量有明显日变化特征,感热、动量通量干季大于湿季,潜热通量湿季大于干季,干湿季热量交换以潜热为主;干季能量闭合率大于湿季;不同风向条件下平均水汽密度存在差异.  相似文献   

Three-year Variations of Water, Energy and CO$_2$ Fluxes of Cropland and Degraded Grassland Surfaces in a Semi-arid Area of Northeastern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LIU Huizhi  TU Gang  FU Congbin  SHI Liqing 《大气科学进展》2008,25(6):1009-1020

Based on 3 years （2003-05） of the eddy covariance （EC） observations on degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in a semi-arid area of Tongyu （44°25′N, 122°52′E, 184 m a.s.1.）, Northeast China, seasonal and annual variations of water, energy and CO2 fluxes have been investigated. The soil moisture in the thin soil layer （at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m） clearly indicates the pronounced annual wet-dry cycle; the annual cycle is divided into the wet （growing season） and dry seasons （non-growing season）. During the growing season （from May to September）, the sensible and latent heat fluxes showed a linear dependence on the global solar radiation. However, in the non-growing season, the latent heat flux was always less than 50 W m^-2, while the available energy was dissipated as sensible, rather than latent heat flux. During the growing season in 2003-05, the daily average sensible and latent heat fluxes were larger on the cropland surface than on the degraded grassland surface. The cropland ecosystem absorbed more CO2 than the degraded grassland ecosystem in the growing season in 2003-05. The total evapotranspiration on the cropland was more than the total precipitation, while the total evapotranspiration on the degraded grassland was almost the same as the total annual precipitation in the growing season. The soil moisture had a good correlation with the rainfall in the growing season. Precipitation in the growing season is an important factor on the water and carbon budget in the semi-arid area.  相似文献   

A Re-examination of Density Effects in Eddy Covariance Measurements of CO2 Fluxes     

Heping LIU 《大气科学进展》2009,26(1):9-16

Corrections of density effects resulting from air-parcel expansion/compression are important in interpreting eddy covariance fluxes of water vapor and CO2 when open-path systems are used. To account for these effects, mean vertical velocity and perturbation of the density of dry air are two critical parameters in treating those physical processes responsible for density variations. Based on various underlying assumptions, different studies have obtained different formulas for the mean vertical velocity and perturbation of the density of dry air, leading to a number of approaches to correct density effects. In this study, we re-examine physical processes related to different assumptions that are made to formulate the density effects. Specifically, we re-examine the assumptions of a zero dry air flux and a zero moist air flux in the surface layer, used for treating density variations, and their implications for correcting density effects. It is found that physical processes in relation to the assumption of a zero dry air flux account for the influence of dry air expansion/compression on density variations. Meanwhile, physical processes in relation to the assumption of a zero moist air flux account for the influence of moist air expansion/compression on density variations. In this study, we also re-examine mixing ratio issues. Our results indicate that the assumption of a zero dry air flux favors the use of the mixing ratio relative to dry air, while the assumption of a zero moist air flux favors the use of the mixing ratio relative to the total moist air. Additionally, we compare different formula for the mean vertical velocity, generated by air-parcel expansion/compression, and for density effect corrections using eddy covariance data measured over three boreal ecosystems.  相似文献   

城市建筑动力学效应对对流边界层影响的敏感性试验   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘红年  苗世光  蒋维楣  刘罡  孙鉴泞 《气象科学》2008,28(6):599-605

本文将大涡模拟应用于城市对流边界层(CBL)湍流结构和流场特征的研究,在大涡模式中,拖曳系数取与建筑物高度及建筑物高度标准差有关的表达式以考虑次网格建筑物对风速和湍流动能(TKE)的面积平均影响.模拟结果表明,由于城市建筑物对气流的拖曳作用,使建筑物冠层及整个CBL内风速大幅度减小,城市冠层内部风速减小尤为明显,在夹卷层内,风速有一明显的跃变.在边界层中部对流运动已经发展成为较强的热泡,城市建筑物的动力学效应使热泡的水平尺度增大,CBL内平均上升气流速度和下沉气流速度减小,同时使CBL中上升气流所占比例比平坦地面增大.城市建筑物使CBL低层热通量、动量通量、速度方差和位温方差明显增大,但对近地层高度以上的湍流量影响不大.  相似文献