改进邻域结构与轮廓分析的LiDAR点云立交桥提取     

陈卓  马洪超  张良 《遥感学报》2013,17(5):1146-1157

由于缺乏有效并具有针对性的方法以及传统遥感影像的2维局限性,城市立交桥点的识别与轮廓提取存在较大困难。本文基于机载LiDAR点云数据提出一种城市立交桥的提取方法。首先,通过基于局部平面约束的剖面点分割方法,利用多方向扫描线建立改进的剖面邻域点云组织结构,从而提取出立交桥种子点。然后,利用Alpha-shape算法定位立交桥轮廓,并获取立交桥初始点。最后,利用区域增长的方法提取出完整结构,同时获取立交桥轮廓。实验结果表明,从提取结果上获取的立交桥长度、宽度以及形态等指标与人工量测结果相近,具有较高的准确度。  相似文献   

Subdivision of polygon parcel in land-use data generalization     

Al Tinghua 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(3):56-61

In land-use data generalization, the removal of insignificant parcel with small size is the most frequently used operator. Traditionally for the generalization method, the small parcel is assigned completely to one of its neighbors. This study tries to improve the generalization by separating the insignificant parcel into parts around the weighted skeleton and assigning these parts to different neighbors. The distribution of the weighted skeleton depends on the compatibility between the removed object and its neighbor, which considers not only topological relationship but also distance relationship and semantic similarity. This process is based on the Delaunay triangulation model. This paper gives the detailed geometric algorithms for this operation.  相似文献   

The Coefficient of Localization—An Addendum     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):338-339

Geographical data sets sometimes contain missing observations that need to be estimated. A statistical approach to the problem is discussed for multivariate normal spatial data sets satisfying the first-order spatial Markov property with constant mean, where the information at neighboring or contiguous observed sites is used to estimate the missing values. The completed data are used to estimate the parameters of the distribution. The procedure is iterative. The approach is a special case of the Orchard and Woodbury missing information principle. The paper concludes with an illustrative empirical example using rainfall data from an area of Kansas and Nebraska. The quality of the estimates for different sites are compared.  相似文献   

Access to supermarkets among poorer neighborhoods: a comparison of time and distance measures     

Brian S. McKenzie 《Urban geography》2013,34(1):133-151

This research assesses neighborhood differences in access to supermarkets for the Portland, Oregon region. Five-year American Community Survey data for the 2006–2010 period are used to compare a travel time and distance measure of supermarket access for neighborhoods of concentrated poverty relative to other neighborhoods, taking into account their distance to the city center. Poor and nonpoor outer neighborhoods have longer average travel times and distances to nearby supermarkets than their more centralized counterparts. Poor outer neighborhoods fare better on travel distance than nonpoor outer neighborhoods do, but endure penalties in longer travel times. This research demonstrates the potential for variation in results across methods measuring access to neighborhood amenities and suggests that more nuanced methodology will be required for us to understand sociospatial disparities in access.  相似文献   

Can a globular cluster formed in the galactic disk be raised into the halo?     

K. A. Innanen 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2007,99(3):161-168

The classical assumption that most globular clusters (hereafter GC) formed in situ in galactic halos is examined in an approximate, empirical way. Although this viewpoint is not rejected per se, an alternative possibility is investigated: the presence of multiple resonances in the galactic disk, together with the concurrent action of a resonant internal bar or distortion, may stir these resonances. This may lead to chaotic motion which breaks the action of the third integral for moderately eccentric orbits. These circumstances may consequently allow the formation of some GC’s in the disk with moderate to highly eccentric orbits, with the action of the resonant bar subsequently gradually driving them (as well as other stars with similar orbits) to spend most of their time in the Galaxy’s halo. The size of the resonant region and the probable effectiveness of the various agents in the associated phase space in the axisymmetric model are listed. An n-body simulation would be required to establish this proposal in a fully self-consistent way. Paper presented at the Division of Dynamical Astronomy Meetings in Halifax, N.S., Canada, June 2006.  相似文献   

An effective Building Neighborhood Green Index model for measuring urban green space     

Yuqin Liu  Jiahui Zhang  Linlin Zhang  Tamas Jancso  Rumiana Vatseva 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(4):387-409

Urban green space forms an integral part of urban ecosystems. Quantifying urban green space is of substantial importance for urban planning and development. Considering the drawbacks of previous urban green space index models, which established either through a grid method or green distribution, and the difficulty of the validation process of earlier urban green space index models, this study exploits the advantages of multisource high-resolution remote sensing data to establish a Building Neighborhood Green Index (BNGI) model. The model which analyzes the spatial configuration of built-up areas and the vegetation is based on the building-oriented method and considers four parameters – Green Index (GI), proximity to green, building sparsity, and building height. Comparing BNGI with GI in different types of characteristic building regions, it was found that BNGI evaluates urban green space more sensitively. It was also found that high-rise low-sparsity area has a lower mean value of BNGI (0.56) as compared with that of low-rise low-sparsity neighborhood (0.62), whereas mean GI (0.24) is equal for both neighborhoods. Taking characteristics of urban building and green types into consideration, BNGI model can be effectively used in many fields such as land suitability analysis and urban planning.  相似文献   

邻域空间检验技术在集合降水预报检验中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李子良  赵滨  李国平 《大气科学学报》2021,44(2):189-198

常规降水检验受空间及时间微小差异所带来的"双重惩罚"影响严重,邻域空间检验FSS(Fraction Skill Score)方法在确定性预报中已体现出弥补这一不足的明显优势。随着集合预报分辨率的不断提高,集合降水预报同样存在与确定性预报相似的问题。本研究将FSS方法拓展至集合预报领域,构建适用于集合预报的降水空间检验指标EFSS(Ensemble Fraction Skill Score),利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)集合预报模式2018年夏季降水预报产品及国家气象信息中心提供的格点化降水融合产品进行分析,发现EFSS评分不受集合成员数影响,可获取一致性的评估结论。通过与适用于集合预报的常规技巧评分EETS(Ensemble Equitable Threat Score)对比分析发现,常规技巧评分受限于评分过低而无法有效反映强降水过程间差异性特征,EFSS方法则可有效提升强降水预报检验辨识度。  相似文献   

基于变点的时空异常模式研究     

李晶晶  李光强  赵地  肖昕 《测绘科学》2009,34(2)

异常模式的探测具有很好的实用价值和生产指导意义,本文首先对目前国内外时空异常模式方面的研究工作做了介绍。然后基于时空变点的概念给出了时空异常的定义,在此基础上结合大气污染监测数据对基于变点的时空异常模式进行探测。  相似文献   

基于邻里效应视角的城市居民心理健康影响因素研究——以广州市为例   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

邱婴芝  陈宏胜  李志刚  王若宇  刘晔  覃小菲 《地理科学进展》2019,38(2):283-295

随着新型城镇化、健康中国等战略的提出,“城市健康”成为社会各界关注的重要议题。然而,既有研究较少基于邻里效应的视角,揭示城市社区环境对居民心理健康的影响因素。论文基于2015年广州市23个社区的1150份问卷调查数据,从邻里效应的视角出发,采用多层线性回归模型,识别了广州市居民心理健康的决定因素,尤其关注社区建成环境和社会环境的影响。研究发现,广州市居民的心理健康水平在社区层面存在空间异质性,由个体层面因素与社区层面因素所共同决定。就个体因素而言,受教育程度、住房产权和身体健康状况对心理健康水平有显著的正向预测作用;就社区建成环境因素而言,服务设施配套和公园绿地供给均与心理健康水平呈显著的正相关关系;就社区社会环境因素而言,社区纠纷数量对心理健康有显著的负向预测作用,社区组织数量和邻里交往频率对心理健康有显著的正向预测作用。建议通过社区规划和社区建设,加大公共服务设施和公园绿地的供给,健全社区组织,鼓励邻里交往,从而提升居民的心理健康水平。  相似文献   

Reviews     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):266-267

Abstract

Imtnigrazione e Multicultura nell'Italia di Oggi: il Territorio, i Problemi, la Didattica, Carlo Brusa, editor, Milan, Italy: Franco Angelli. 1997. ISBN 88-464- 0246-4. (paper).  相似文献