构建三角网生成地形结构线的关键技术研究     

黄利民  柯希林 《测绘科学与工程》2005,25(4):23-28

地形结构线是更好地表示、反映和利用地形的基础。本文先介绍了构建三角网生成地形结构线的基本思路，然后对构建三角网过程中建立等高线树、地形结构线生成、鞍部山脊线自动生成和连接地形结构线并建立结构线树等关键技术进行了叙述。  相似文献   

Computer simulation of flow through a lattice flow-cell model     

A.R. Mazaheri  B. Zerai  G. Ahmadi  J.R. Kadambi  B.Z. Saylor  M. Oliver  G.S. Bromhal  D.H. Smith   《Advances in water resources》2005,28(12):1267-1279

For single-phase flow through a network model of a porous medium, we report (1) solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation for the flow, (2) micro-particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) measurements of local flow velocity vectors in the “pores throats” and “pore bodies,” and (3) comparisons of the computed and measured velocity vectors. A “two-dimensional” network of cylindrical pores and parallelepiped connecting throats was constructed and used for the measurements. All pore bodies had the same dimensions, but three-different (square cross-section) pore-throat sizes were randomly distributed throughout the network. An unstructured computational grid for flow through an identical network was developed and used to compute the local pressure gradients and flow vectors for several different (macroscopic) flow rates. Numerical solution results were compared with the experimental data, and good agreement was found. Cross-over from Darcy flow to inertial flow was observed in the computational results, and the permeability and inertia coefficients of the network were estimated. The development of inertial flow was seen as a “two-step” process: (1) recirculation zones appeared in more and more pore bodies as the flow rate was increased, and (2) the strengths of individual recirculation zones increased with flow rate. Because each pore-throat and pore-body dimension is known, in this approach an experimental (and/or computed) local Reynolds number is known for every location in the porous medium at which the velocity has been measured (and/or computed).  相似文献   

Mechanism of cadmium resistance and adsorption of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11     

YUAN Hongli  LI Zhijian  WANG Nengfei  HUANG Huaizeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

The mechanism of cadmium resistance of a yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. Y11 isolated from mine soil was investigated. We found that the yeast cells treated with different methods showed different cadmium-adsorption models. Grown in medium supplied with 100 mg/L of cadmium, 3.29% of the cell-absorbed cadmium was accounted in the cytoplasm. However, only 1% was taken into the cytoplasm and 99% was bound to the cell wall using the lyophilized biomass to adsorb cadmium in double distilled water. Treatments with alkali, ethanol-chloroform and proteinase showed different influences on the biosorption of whole cells and isolated cell walls. FT-IR analysis showed that acetyl of chitin was the active compound in the cells to absorb cadmium. The production of Metallothioneins, proteins related to the resistance to heavy metal in yeast, was evidently induced by cadmium, achieving 638.8 μg/g wet weight, which was about 85 folds higher than that in the uninduced biomass and was also much higher than that reported previously. The molecular weight of Metallothioneins was 6500 Da estimated by SDS-PAGE.  相似文献   

南水北调西线一期工程区断层活动性及工程地质评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

柴建峰  伍法权  常中华  陶波 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,35(1):64-69

南水北调西线一期工程位于青藏高原东部的边缘地带,海拔3 500 m以上,地质条件复杂,断层密集分布,褶皱强烈发育,构造活动频繁.通过ETM卫星影像和野外考察分析了工程引水隧洞线路区断层的空间分布及活动特征.工程区以桑日麻断裂、鲜水河断裂和甘德南断裂等对工程的影响最大,是潜在的发震断裂.深埋长引水隧洞在较高地应力作用下,软弱围岩及宽大断层带物质易产生大变形和长期流变.引水线路区褶皱、断层构造发育,有利于地下水富集、运移.在静、动水压力下,引水隧洞穿过断层及破碎带时易发生涌水、碎屑流和坍塌等地质灾害.  相似文献   

黄河下游游荡性河道河势调整关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姚文艺  王卫东 《水科学进展》2006,17(5):624-630

通过黄河下游游荡性河道典型河段河势观测资料,统计分析了河势的调整关系。研究表明,尽管游荡性河道河势多变不定,但主流线在河宽方向的摆动位置仍有一定的统计规律可循;主流线弦高与弦长之间的调整符合弓形参数间的一般函数关系;随主流线长度增加,弯曲半径不会无限制减小,将会趋于某一相对稳定状态;弯曲系数与主流线长度、弯曲半径之间的统计关系表征了黄河下游游荡性河道河势易出现陡湾且易坐小湾坐陡湾的特性;弯曲半径与河面宽之间具有一定的相关趋势,河面越宽,弯曲半径增加的可能性越大。  相似文献   

Pressure-induced phase transition in Mg0.8Fe0.2O ferropericlase     

Innokenty Kantor  Leonid Dubrovinsky  Catherine McCammon  Anastasia Kantor  Sakura Pascarelli  Giuliana Aquilanti  Wilson Crichton  Maurizio Mattesini  Rajeev Ahuja  Jailton Almeida  Vadim Urusov 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(1):35-44

Combined X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer, and XANES spectroscopy in situ experiments revealed the transformation of cubic (Mg_0.8Fe_0.2)O ferropericlase to a rhombohedrally distorted phase at 35(1) GPa and room temperature. The Mössbauer spectroscopy results show that the rhombohedral distortion does not involve magnetic ordering. Combined with data from the literature, our results imply that the cubic to rhombodedral transition occurs in (Mg,Fe)O under conditions of non-hydrostatic stress over a wide range of composition (0.2≤x _Fe≤1).  相似文献   

Spatial patterns in thunderstorm rainfall events and their coupling with watershed hydrological response   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Efrat Morin  David C. Goodrich  Robert A. Maddox  Xiaogang Gao  Hoshin V. Gupta  Soroosh Sorooshian 《Advances in water resources》2006

Weather radar systems provide detailed information on spatial rainfall patterns known to play a significant role in runoff generation processes. In the current study, we present an innovative approach to exploit spatial rainfall information of air mass thunderstorms and link it with a watershed hydrological model. Observed radar data are decomposed into sets of rain cells conceptualized as circular Gaussian elements and the associated rain cell parameters, namely, location, maximal intensity and decay factor, are input into a hydrological model. Rain cells were retrieved from radar data for several thunderstorms over southern Arizona. Spatial characteristics of the resulting rain fields were evaluated using data from a dense rain gauge network. For an extreme case study in a semi-arid watershed, rain cells were derived and fed as input into a hydrological model to compute runoff response. A major factor in this event was found to be a single intense rain cell (out of the five cells decomposed from the storm). The path of this cell near watershed tributaries and toward the outlet enhanced generation of high flow. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis to cell characteristics indicated that peak discharge could be a factor of two higher if the cell was initiated just a few kilometers aside.  相似文献   

GIS中空间数据不确定性的混合熵模型研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

史玉峰  史文中  靳奉祥 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2006,31(1):82-85

基于信息理论和模糊集合理论，针对GIS中部分空间数据既具有随机性又具有模糊性的特点，建立了空间数据不确定性的混合熵模型。以GIS中线元不确定性为例，讨论了线元不确定性的统计熵、模糊熵和混合熵估计方法，并针对特例给出了线元不确定性的熵带分布。  相似文献   

基于曲线拟合的线要素综合数据整体处理方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷伟刚  童小华  刘大杰 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2006,31(10):896-899

讨论了线要素综合后数据的整体处理与按弧段分区平差两种解算方案，详细推导了按弧段分区平差解算的各种条件方程。通过算例验证，本方法是合理的、实用的。  相似文献   

Instability of sand–silt mixtures     

S.L. Yang  R. Sandven  L. Grande 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(2-4):183-190

The instability of the sand–silt mixtures with different amount of fines contents were studied in this paper. It showed that the slope of the instability lines increases with the increasing relative densities, and it approaches the slope of the failure line (steady state line) at a high relative density. The relationship between the peak stress ratio and the intergranular void ratio can be described by a common curve for all the mixtures with fines contents less than the transitional fines content. There may also exist a unique curve for the relationship between the peak stress ratio and interfine void ratio for the mixtures with fines contents higher than the transitional fines content. If the yield strength ratio is used instead of the peak stress ratio, the relationships can be characterized in the same way.  相似文献