Investigation of OMA formation and the effect of minerals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haiping Zhang  Ying Zheng  Kenneth Lee  Joseph V. Mullin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(9):1433-1441

Oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA) have been shown to be effective in oil spills cleanup. Experimental work was carried out to study the effects of physical-chemical properties of natural minerals and chemically modified minerals on OMA formation and oil removal. The results showed that the hydrophobicity, particle sizes and specific surface of minerals played an important role in OMA formation. Appropriate hydrophobicity of minerals can enhance the formation of OMA. The surface property of minerals can also influence the shape of OMA. Spherical mineral-oil aggregates were frequently formed with hydrophilic minerals while irregular shaped OMA were observed with hydrophobic minerals. The sizes of OMA also increased when the minerals changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The effects of dispersant and mixing energy were also carefully studied. The results showed that dispersant were a dominant factor. When dispersant was applied, effects of other factors became minimal.  相似文献   

Self‐centering structural systems with combination of hysteretic and viscous energy dissipations     

Weng Yuen Kam  Stefano Pampanin  Alessandro Palermo  Athol J. Carr 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(10):1083-1108

This paper presents an innovative set of high‐seismic‐resistant structural systems termed Advanced Flag‐Shaped (AFS) systems, where self‐centering elements are used with combinations of various alternative energy dissipation elements (hysteretic, viscous or visco‐elasto‐plastic) in series and/or in parallel. AFS systems is developed using the rationale of combining velocity‐dependent with displacement‐dependent energy dissipation for self‐centering systems, particularly to counteract near‐fault earthquakes. Non‐linear time‐history analyses (NLTHA) on a set of four single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems under a suite of 20 far‐field and 20 near‐fault ground motions are used to compare the seismic performance of AFS systems with the conventional systems. It is shown that AFS systems with a combination in parallel of hysteretic and viscous energy dissipations achieved greater performance in terms of the three performance indices. Furthermore, the use of friction slip in series of viscous energy dissipation is shown to limit the peak response acceleration and induced base‐shear. An extensive parametric analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of two design parameters, λ₁ and λ₂ on the response of SDOF AFS systems with initial periods ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 s and with various strength levels when subjected to far‐field and near‐fault earthquakes. For the design of self‐centering systems with combined hysteretic and viscous energy dissipation (AFS) systems, λ₁ is recommended to be in the range of 0.8–1.6 while λ₂ to be between 0.25 and 0.75 to ensure sufficient self‐centering and energy dissipation capacities, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2009年世界地震活动性和地震灾情概要   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李卫平  赵荣国 《国际地震动态》2010,(5):38-42

2009年地震频度较高,强度较低;地震灾情一般较轻,较重的地区一是印度尼西亚地区,其次是意大利地区。  相似文献   

利用Q型聚类分析研究鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产间的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘爱芳  王方一  张道法  赫英 《地球科学与环境学报》2010,32(1):48-53

为揭示鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产间的关系,根据盆地石油、油气伴生水以及煤、煤层夹矸、铀矿及围岩样品的氯仿沥青中57种元素的分析结果,进行了Q型聚类分析。结果表明:侏罗系下统延安组石油、侏罗系中统直罗组石油与三叠系延长组石油有相近的成因特征;三叠系延长组石油沥青、三叠系延长组含油砂岩沥青与侏罗系中统直罗组石油沥青具有类似的成因特征;神木侏罗系下统延安组煤沥青、东胜侏罗系中统直罗组煤沥青、铜川陈家山侏罗系下统延安组煤层石油以及铜川陈家山侏罗系下统延安组煤沥青成因特征相近;铜川陈家山侏罗系下统延安组煤层石油沥青可能与准格尔黑岱沟石炭二叠系煤沥青具有成因上的联系;侏罗系下统延安组石油沥青与放射性铀矿的形成具有密切关系;天然气的物质来源复杂,且与石油和煤的进一步演化有一定关系。鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产成因较复杂、相互间关系密切,且具有多源性成藏(矿)特征。  相似文献   

点带石斑鱼幼鱼配合饲料的适宜能量蛋白比     

林建斌  朱庆国  李金秋 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(6)

以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,添加鱼油、豆油、α-马铃薯淀粉、纤维素以及适量的维生素和矿物质配制成实验饲料,蛋白质质量分数设置41%、47%、53%3个水平,能量设置12 561、14 655、16 748 kJ/kg 3个水平,饲养点带石斑鱼幼鱼59 d后,以增重率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数为评价指标,分析不同能量蛋白比的饲料对点带石斑鱼体内消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:当能量蛋白比分别为31.30、33.50、32.26 kJ/g时,点带石斑鱼增重率、蛋白质效率达到极大值,饲料系数达到极小值;能量蛋白比在31.62～35.54 kJ/g范围内,胃、肠道的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性较强。点带石斑鱼幼鱼配合饲料中合适的能量蛋白比为31.62～33.50 kJ/g。  相似文献   

绿化对冬季山谷城市边界层结构影响的数值模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨胜朋  吕世华  陈玉春  奥银焕  余晔 《中国沙漠》2010,30(3):691-698

利用RAMS模式模拟了兰州南北两山绿化对冬季兰州城市边界层结构的影响。结果表明:两山绿化改变了近地面的温度场和风场,从日平均温度来看,绿化在兰州冬季表现为明显的增温效应;从风场来看,白天14:00南山的谷风环流增强,北山变化不明显;晚上02:00北山的山风环流明显增强,南山则出现相反的情况;绿化改变了地表能量平衡,绿化后由于地表反照率的减小,使得到达地面净辐射增加,增加的净辐射其中一部分以感热的形式来加热大气;绿化后地气之间的湍流交换增强,增加了大气不稳定度,减弱了白天城市上空的悬浮逆温;本文还讨论了不同绿化布局对白天悬浮逆温的影响。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地臭柏、油蒿细根分解过程中养分与能量的变化     

秦艳  胡永宁  王林和  那日苏  张国盛 《中国沙漠》2010,30(6):1341-1347

应用埋袋法对毛乌素沙地天然分布的优势种臭柏、油蒿细根分解进行研究。对两年的实验数据进行分析,结果显示,臭柏、油蒿细根分解过程中C、P、K、Mg均表现为释放,释放率油蒿＞臭柏,元素重量损失率K＞P＞C＞Mg;N在臭柏分解中表现为积累,在油蒿分解中表现为释放;Ca在臭柏、油蒿细根分解中都表现为积累的趋势,积累率为油蒿＞臭柏;能量在臭柏、油蒿细根分解过程中表现为释放。该研究为沙区土壤库中的能量转化和流动过程提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

An overview of the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jian Zeng  Jie Shen  Qiang Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(4):0288-0297

With data from the project Collaborative Observation of Semi-arid/Arid Regions in North China, collected during July and September 2008, the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions have been investigated based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation approach. Generally, for the radiation processes, downward and upward short-wave radiation have a uniformly increasing trend with latitude, but the spatial patterns of long-wave radiation present notable regional differences: both upward and downward long-wave radiation increase with latitude in the west of North China, while in the east they vary inversely with latitude, suggesting surface temperature and clouds respectively have feedbacks to the long-wave radiation in the west and east of North China. The surface net radiation basically has a negative latitudinal trend. Long-wave radiation budget plays an important role in the spatial pattern of surface net radiation, particularly in the east of North China, although short-wave radiation budget largely determines the magnitude of surface net radiation. For the energy processes, latent and sensible heat flux varies conversely with latitude: more available land surface energy is consumed by evaporating soil water at lower latitudes while more is used for heating the atmosphere at higher latitudes. A soil heat flux maximum and minimum are found in Loess Plateau and Qinghai Plateau respectively, and a maximum is seen in the northeast China.  相似文献   

基于纤维模型的空间网架支承体系的优化设计与分析     

陈鑫  李爱群  沈顺高  赵伯友  丁幼亮 《地震学刊》2010,(4):398-406

近年来,民用航空制造业的快速发展给大柱距空间网架结构带来新的契机。本文针对某大柱距厂房设计了无柱间支撑、柱间钢支撑和柱间消能支撑3种抗侧力结构体系。在此基础上,分别建立了3种结构体系的三维整体有限元模型,通过优化设计确立了钢支撑和消能支撑的具体设计参数,并进行了多遇地震作用下的弹性时程对比分析。最后,建立了结构弹塑性分析的纤维模型,对3种结构体系进行了罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析,对比研究了3种结构体系在大震作用下的倒塌机制。结果表明：采用纤维模型能够较为精确地进行结构的弹塑性时程分析;相较于不加柱间支撑结构体系,柱间钢支撑和柱间消能支撑结构体系在多遇地震作用下的结构层间位移分别衰减约32%和64%,在罕遇地震作用下的结构层间位移分别衰减约12%和46%,且均具有更好的倒塌机制。本文可供大柱距空间结构的设计与分析参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

黑石岭隧道围岩岩爆灾害的研究     

周兴国  高永涛  卢宏建  韩晓强 《地震学刊》2010,(4):435-441

地应力环境与围岩力学属性是隧道工程中引发岩爆的两大决定性因素。为了研究黑石岭隧道开挖过程中围岩岩爆灾害的潜在威胁及其表现规律,通过对岩爆里程段的现场采样、运用Kaiser效应法测量原岩应力和室内岩石力学实验,探讨了工程区内白云岩的岩性特征及其破坏规律,并基于强度理论和冲击能指标分析了发生岩爆的可能性及其发生方式。分析得知,该工程区内岩爆的潜在威胁较大,尤其是测点1和测点2处发生强岩爆的可能性最大,须在工程开挖过程中加强防治。  相似文献