基于遥感的地理国情普查数据采集研究     

王晶 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(4)

辽宁省全国第一次地理国情普查的基础是地表覆盖和地理国情要素的采集工作,同时也是开展统计分析的前提。本文以辽宁省朝阳市基于遥感影像的地理国情数据采集工作为例,对地理国情普查中地表覆盖数据和地理国情要素的内容及指标进行数据采集研究。采集的基础指标包括范围、位置、属性、面积等,利用清华山维EPS2010软件进行数据采集、数据建库、数据检查和时点更新等工作。详细阐述了在辽宁省朝阳市地理国情普查中的工作流程,总结出一套稳定、高效、可靠、因地制宜的数据采集方法,为开展常态化地理国(省)情监测奠定基础。  相似文献   

浅谈辽宁省地理国情普查成果应用及服务方向展望     

曹晓东  杨帆 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(8)

地理国情主要是指地表自然和人文地理要素的空间分布、特征及其相互关系,是基本国情的重要组成部分。目前,辽宁省已完成第一次全国地理国情普查工作,其成果应满足辽宁省经济社会发展和生态文明建设的需要,提高地理国情信息对政府、企业和公众的服务能力。本文从普查成果体系入手,阐述了辽宁省地理国情普查的成果应用,展望了服务方向。  相似文献   

关于省级地理国情监测的思考     

於新国  魏忠  吕竞帆  魏佳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(8)

以湖北省为例,探讨湖北省地理国情监测工作指导思想、开展原则及目标,提出本省地理国情监测工作定位及服务对象,结合本省实际情况构想本省地理国情监测工作的主要任务,为其他省份开展地理国情监测工作提供参考。  相似文献   

地理国情监测在领导干部自然资源资产离任审计工作中的应用探讨     

张峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(12):126-128

为积极配合审计部门开展领导干部自然资源资产离任审计工作,充分利用地理国情普查及监测成果,探索领导干部自然资源资产离任审计的内容、方法和评价指标体系,探讨了基于地理国情普查和监测数据成果、基础测绘及相关技术获取的各类自然资源资产基础数据。按专业部门现行标准与有关行业部门进行必要的专题数据整合和处理,建设市级自然资源本底数据库,摸清自然资源的存量与变量,为建立自然资源资产审计长效机制奠定扎实的基础。  相似文献   

地理国情普查数据支持下的人口空间化方法     

杨瑞红  董春  张玉 《测绘科学》2017,42(1)

针对传统的人口空间化方法存在数据源多、模型复杂、忽视居住建筑类型的影响等问题,提出了一种以居住建筑作为人口分布参考的人口空间化方法。在地理国情普查数据的支持下,文章选取株洲市境内的18个乡镇为研究区。首先,将研究区内的居住建筑重分类为多层房屋、低矮房屋和废弃房屋,采用最小二乘法求算各类居住建筑的居住密度。然后,根据各乡镇人口估计值的相对误差对各乡镇各类居住建筑的居住密度进行修正。最后,运用GIS的叠加分析技术得到250m格网人口密度图。检验结果表明,人口估计值与人口统计值的线性拟合斜率为0.965,另外基于居住建筑重分类的人口空间化方法使得人口估计精度较未重分类时有了明显提高。  相似文献   

Modeling the environmental susceptibility of landfill sites in California     

Victor Fernandez Nascimento  Nazli Yesiller  Keith C Clarke  Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto  Pedro R. Andrade  Anahi Chimini Sobral 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(5):657-677

??The proper management of solid waste (SW) is a global environmental challenge. A major issue is the proper disposal of SW while balancing a wide range of criteria and working with different spatial data. In this study, we used geographic information system as a tool to perform multi-criteria decision analysis with an analytical hierarchy process to develop an environmental impact susceptibility model (EISM) for landfills. The model was applied to the state of California, USA and results are presented herein. In particular, the EISM considers factors such as geology, pedology, geomorphology, water resources, and climate as represented by 13 associated environmental indicators. The results of the EISM indicate that more than 75% of California’s territory is situated in areas with very low, low, and medium environmental impact susceptibility categories. However, in the remaining 25% of the state’s land, 61 landfills are located in the high and very high categories. These results are alarming because during the period from 2000 to 2015, these 61 landfills received approximately 308 million tons of SW, which corresponds to more than 57% of all SW disposed in California. The model results can be used toward mitigating the environmental impacts of these facilities.  相似文献   

Cancer risks from exposure to vehicular air pollution: a household level analysis of intra-ethnic heterogeneity in Miami,Florida     

Jayajit Chakraborty  Timothy W. Collins  Sara E. Grineski 《Urban geography》2017,38(1):112-136

Quantitative environmental justice (EJ) research has relied on aggregated data from census units to determine disproportionate hazard exposure. Additionally, variables typically used to analyze ethnic inequities in exposure (e.g., percent Hispanic) are too broad and assume a degree of homogeneity that may not exist, given the diversity of ethnic minority populations. We address these limitations through a study that utilizes primary household level survey data and cancer risk estimates from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) to analyze intra-ethnic inequities in exposure to vehicular air pollutants in the Miami metropolitan area, Florida. Our analysis disaggregates the Hispanic category based on five characteristics (language proficiency, U.S. citizenship, nativity, unemployment status, and national origin) and finds that risk burdens are significantly higher for Hispanic respondents who are foreign-born, unemployed, and of Cuban origin. Findings highlight the advantages of downscaling EJ analyses to the household level and considering intra-ethnic heterogeneity in EJ research and policy.  相似文献   

亚洲中部干旱区丝绸之路沿线环境演化与东西方文化交流   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

安成邦  王伟  段阜涛  黄伟  陈发虎 《地理学报》2017,72(5):875-891

基于环境记录、考古发现,以及同位素资料,对亚洲中部干旱区丝绸之路沿线的全新世以来的环境变化和东西方文化交流进行了梳理。结果表明,研究区独特的地理环境和环境变化过程,深刻地影响着文化的发展和传播。河西走廊受季风影响,表现出季风—西风过渡带干湿变化的模式,晚全新世气候趋向干旱;从新疆到中亚的丝绸之路沿线的环境变化比较一致：在早全新世（BC 6000以前）主要为干旱环境,植被以荒漠类型占优势;中晚全新世,湿润程度增加,草原植被扩展。新疆和中亚全新世中晚期较为湿润的环境为东西文化交流提供了较适宜的环境基础。得益于环境条件的改善,东西方文化交流融合的进程在BC 2000以后明显加速。在BC 2500-2000期间,东西方农业文化在丝绸之路沿线接触融合,是史前丝绸之路的首次贯通;在BC 2000-1000期间,丝绸之路沿线绿洲地带形成了以小麦—/大麦—粟黍—畜牧为特征的混合型经济特征,并扩散到欧亚草原带,和周围的畜牧业形成鲜明的对照,并持续到历史时期。这种空间分异,是地理环境和东西方文化交流共同作用的结果。在史前时期,东西方农业的相向传播和融合,基本沿着山前地带的绿洲蛙跳式前进。到了历史时期,政治版图的变化是影响丝绸之路的首要因素,但环境变化仍然是不可忽略的因素。  相似文献   

The Dominican Republic–Central American Free Trade Agreement’s Symbolic Nod to Environmental Protection: Legal Perspectives on the Citizen Submission Process     

J. Christopher Upton  Catherine M. Tucker  Seleste Sanchez 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(10):1277-1287

The Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) contains a chapter on the environment, ostensibly included to mitigate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) environmental oversights. The environment chapter created a citizen submission process designed to foster public participation in supporting each participating nation’s environmental laws. This article examines the outcomes to date of the citizen submission process, based on an analysis of the articles of the agreement and an examination of the rulings made on each case submitted under the citizen submission process. The analysis shows that CAFTA poses significant obstacles to citizen participation and has made minimal, if any, contributions to environmental law enforcement among the Parties to the agreement.  相似文献   

Mitigating Risks From Fracking-Related Earthquakes: Assessing State Regulatory Decisions     

Charles Davis  Jonathan M. Fisk 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(8):1009-1025

Public concern about earthquakes linked to wastewater injection from fracking operations is rising. However, few have examined how “induced seismicity” is acted upon by state officials. For some, an incremental response to smaller quakes can be viewed as an acceptable risk policy orientation because of the sizeable economic benefits that accompany drilling activities while others prefer risk mitigation policies (such as the use of “threshold policies”) as a better way to address quake-related problems. To account for state response to induced seismicity impacts, we examine three factors: the emergence of quakes as focusing events, the economic importance of oil and gas to state jobs and revenue, and selected characteristics of earthquakes as a policy issue, i.e., complexity and categorical precedence. Using information drawn from documentary sources, we consider which factors are most helpful in accounting for agency decisions aimed at reducing seismic risks linked to nearby injection wells.  相似文献