地下储层表征的不确定性及科学思维方法     

吴胜和  杨延强 《西安地质学院学报》2012,(2):72-80

由于地质的复杂性和资料的不完备性,地下储层表现为＂灰箱＂系统,表征结果存在着不确定性。基于系统论和科学哲学的方法,探讨了地下储层表征中不确定性的成因类型、内涵及解决方案,并论述了地下储层表征过程中所应重视的科学思维方法。地下储层表征中存在两类基本的不确定性类型：①随机不确定性,主要由局部预测整体（如应用多井资料进行井间储层预测）以及第二性资料的非完全映射（如应用地震资料预测储层）所致;②模糊不确定性,主要由储层概念模式认知不足所致。为了使表征结果逼近地质实际,除了正确应用和创新相关理论和方法外,需要具备科学的表征理念和思维,包括总体把握、分级约束,多科一体、地质为核,发散求索、聚焦论证,辩证思维、综合分析;同时,应正确理解和处理宏观与微观、绝对与相对、静态与动态、映射与多解、局部与整体、模糊与置信、确定与随机、个别与一般、复杂与简约、手工与自动等矛盾统一体的关系。  相似文献   

页岩孔隙研究新进展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

崔景伟  邹才能  朱如凯  白斌  吴松涛  王拓 《地球科学进展》2012,27(12):1319-1325

随着非常规油气勘探的兴起页岩孔隙研究备受重视,如何研究页岩孔隙已经成为非常规油气首要解决的问题之一,其对页岩油气勘探层位选取、资源潜力评价和油气渗流能力计算具有重要意义。对页岩微—纳米孔隙表征技术、页岩孔隙类别的划分以及页岩孔隙演化规律分别进行了综述并指出存在问题,同时结合最新研究进展对页岩孔隙研究进行展望。提出工业CT—微米CT—纳米CT/FIB系列辐射扫描方法和压汞(MICP)—氮气吸附(N2)—二氧化碳吸附(CO2)流体法是孔隙定量表征的最优方法,通过单井孔隙度测井资料与实验室测定结果建立校正图版指导储层孔隙发育段优选;页岩孔隙分类研究还应该考虑含油气性,利用原子力显微镜等工具加强孔隙含油性研究;孔隙演化规律研究应该采用模拟实验和真实剖面样品对比并结合矿物组成分析等寻找主控因素。  相似文献   

Damage characterization during laboratory strength testing: A 3D-finite-discrete element approach     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

A combined finite-discrete element approach is used to simulate the complete 3D fracture process during conventional laboratory testing, including Brazilian indirect tension and uniaxial and biaxial compression. A typical granite rock type (based on the Lac du Bonnet granite) was simulated to investigate the fracture pattern and mechanical strength of brittle rock in the laboratory. Damage intensity parameters (D₂₁ and D₃₂) are introduced and utilized to characterize the induced damage in the models. These parameters provide an improved representation of the cumulative associated damage and facilitate a quantitative characterization of crack intensity during testing. The numerical simulations included both 3D and 2D models, and show that there is a good agreement between the strength response derived from simulations both in 3D and 2D and the considered rock material. A good correlation also exists between the fracture pattern in 3D and the equivalent 2D models. The influence of confinement on the biaxial strength and the associated damage in compression is investigated. While axial splitting is the dominant failure mode at low confinement, finite-discrete element simulations show that a shear failure mode tends to dominate as the confinement increases. The dependency of dilation upon the confining pressure is also demonstrated, the dilation angle decreasing with increased confinement.  相似文献   

Acoustic characterization of gelatinous plankton aggregations: four case studies from the Argentine continental shelf   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

Colombo  Gustavo Alvarez; Mianzan  Hermes; Madirolas  Adrian 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(3):650-657

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中国地质标准物质制备技术与方法研究进展   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

王毅民  王晓红  高玉淑  张学华  樊兴涛 《地质通报》2010,29(7):1090-1104

评介了中国地质标准物质研制中技术方法方面的研究进展,包括样品加工技术,粒度检测与表征方法,均匀性检验与评价,最小取样量的确定,稳定性检验及其结果表述,定值方式,分析方法、数据处理及定值条件,不确定度评价与量值溯源保证等。对照国家相关的技术规范、国际标准化组织(ISO)的相关指南和国际地质分析者协会(IAG)关于地质标准物质研制的协议,讨论了目前中国地质标准物质制备技术的现状及未来的发展。  相似文献   

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of New Ln( Ⅲ) Complexes with an Unsymmetrical Schiff Base Ligand     

BI Caifeng  YAN Liangliang  FAN Yuhua  ZHANG Xia  WANG Aidong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(3)

A new unsymmetrical Schiff base ligand (H2LLi) was synthesized using L-lysine, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxyprepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV spectra, TG-DTG and molar conductance.The antibacterial activities of the ligand and its complexes are also studied.The antibacterial experiments indicate that the ligand and its complexes possess antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and that the complexes have higher activity than those of the ligand.  相似文献   

基于岩石物理分析的叠前弹性反演预测含气砂岩分布(英文)     

贺芙邦  游俊  陈开远 《应用地球物理》2011,8(3):197-205

地震反演是当今最广泛应用于含油气储层预测的技术之一,取得了很多很好的预测效果,但也有失败的例子,达不到区分岩性和识别流体的目的。而本文介绍的建立在岩石物理建模和分析基础上的地震弹性反演,可将含油气储层预测由定性向(半)定量推进一步。根据岩石物理建模和正演扰动分析,可深刻理解岩石物性参数与地震弹性参数之间的内在关系,进而寻找储层岩性、物性和含油气性的敏感地震弹性参数,建立起理论岩石物理解释图版。岩石物理分析结果和所建立的岩石物理解释图版分别用以指导地震反演和反演结果的解释,实现油气储层分布预测和流体检测的目的。文中的含气砂岩分布预测实例研究应用结果表明,这种方法较叠后地震反演储层预测技术具有无可比拟的优越性,效果更佳,效率更高。  相似文献   

中华乌塘鳢(Bostrychus sinensis) GPx7和GPx8基因的克隆、表达与酶活性分析     

丁浪  夏立萍  沈斌  张建设 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(3):697-709

中华乌塘鳢(Bostrychus sinensis)属于广盐广温、低氧耐受性强、药用价值高的鱼类,为我国东南沿海重要养殖对象。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPx)是生物体内重要的抗氧化酶,能够清除过氧化氢防止机体生物膜氧化受损,研究中华乌塘鳢GPx基因对其养殖及海洋生态研究具有重要意义。利用分子克隆技术获得了中华乌塘鳢GPx7和GPx8(分别命名为BsGPx7和BsGPx8)的cDNA序列。BsGPx7编码186个氨基酸,含有2个半胱氨酸(Cys⁵⁶和Cys⁸⁵)催化位点;BsGPx8编码210个氨基酸,含有1个半胱氨酸(Cys¹⁰⁹)催化位点。利用RT-PCR方法研究了BsGPx7、BsGPx8基因在中华乌塘鳢组织中的分布表达,以及不同浓度镉离子(7.5,15,30 mg/L)胁迫下BsGPx7、BsGPx8基因的表达量变化。结果显示,BsGPx7和BsGPx8在组织中呈泛在性表达,其中肝脏的表达量最高,其次是鳃和皮肤。不同浓度的镉离子胁迫下,BsGPx7基因在鳃和皮肤中的表达量均显著上调(P<0.05),BsGPx8基因在肝脏、鳃和皮肤中的表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)。成功构建了原核表达载体,表达并纯化获得了BsGPx7重组蛋白(rBsGPx7)。对rBsGPx7在不同温度和pH条件下的酶活性进行了测定,表明rBsGPx7在35℃和pH 8条件下酶活性最高。综上提示,BsGPx7与BsGPx8参与了机体对抗镉离子诱导的氧化应激的过程,可能在抗氧化防御中起一定作用。  相似文献   

Travel time distributions under convergent radial flow in heterogeneous formations: Insight from the analytical solution of a stratified model     

《Advances in water resources》2013

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Characterization and constitutive modeling of red clay contaminated with ammonium carbonate     

Shanmei Li  Beshoy Riad  Xiong Zhang  Zhikui Liu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(17):2329-2357

Conventionally, red clay is used for agricultural purposes in southern China. Fertilizers, especially urea, are commonly introduced into the red clay to improve the crop yields. However, due to the rapid urbanization in China, large areas of lands with red clays have been converted into sites for domestic and industrial constructions. Nevertheless, few researchers focused on the effect of urea on the strength and compressibility of red clay. In this research, the shear strength and compressibility of the red clay saturated by different concentrations of the (NH₄)₂CO₃ solution (urea's hydrolysates) were experimentally investigated using direct shear as well as oedometer tests, respectively. It was noticed that both the shear strength and stiffness of the red clay significantly decreased after exposure to the urea solution. In addition, the micromechanisms of the strength and compressibility of the red clay treated by the (NH₄)₂CO₃ were studied by the scanning electron microscope test and X-ray diffraction test. Based on the test results, a new model was developed to simulate the chemomechanical behavior of saturated clayey soil by modifying the Barcelona basic model (BBM) for unsaturated soils. The proposed model introduces four additional parameters, compared to the BBM, to account for the nonlinear shear strength behavior of the red clay. This model accounts for most of the complex features related to the strength and stiffness behavior of clayey soils. The parameter calibration procedures, by using the oedometer and direct shear test results, are also presented. To validate the proposed model, experimental results from the literature are considered in which illite clay samples were either mechanically or chemically or both mechanically and chemically loaded. Part of the experimental results is used to calibrate the model parameters and the other part along with the calibrated parameters is used to verify the proposed model. A comparison between experimental data and predicted results demonstrated that the proposed model is able to capture the main features related to the chemomechanical coupling behavior of saturated soils.  相似文献