The strain‐dependent spatial evolution of garnet in a high‐P ductile shear zone from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway): a synchrotron X‐ray microtomography study          下载免费PDF全文

A. Macente  F. Fusseis  L. Menegon  X. Xiao  T. John 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(5):565-583

Reaction and deformation microfabrics provide key information to understand the thermodynamic and kinetic controls of tectono‐metamorphic processes, however, they are usually analysed in two dimensions, omitting important information regarding the third spatial dimension. We applied synchrotron‐based X‐ray microtomography to document the evolution of a pristine olivine gabbro into a deformed omphacite–garnet eclogite in four dimensions, where the 4^th dimension is represented by the degree of strain. In the investigated samples, which cover a strain gradient into a shear zone from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway), we focused on the spatial transformation of garnet coronas into elongated garnet clusters with increasing strain. The microtomographic data allowed quantification of garnet volume, shape and spatial arrangement evolution with increasing strain. The microtomographic observations were combined with light microscope and backscatter electron images as well as electron microprobe (EMPA) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to correlate mineral composition and orientation data with the X‐ray absorption signal of the same mineral grains. With increasing deformation, the garnet volume almost triples. In the low‐strain domain, garnet grains form a well interconnected large garnet aggregate that develops throughout the entire sample. We also observed that garnet coronas in the gabbros never completely encapsulate olivine grains. In the most highly deformed eclogites, the oblate shapes of garnet clusters reflect a deformational origin of the microfabrics. We interpret the aligned garnet aggregates to direct synkinematic fluid flow, and consequently influence the transport of dissolved chemical components. EBSD analyses reveal that garnet shows a near‐random crystal preferred orientation that testifies no evidence for crystal plasticity. There is, however evidence for minor fracturing, neo‐nucleation and overgrowth. Microprobe chemical analysis revealed that garnet compositions progressively equilibrate to eclogite facies, becoming more almandine‐rich. We interpret these observations as pointing to a mechanical disintegration of the garnet coronas during strain localization, and their rearrangement into individual garnet clusters through a combination of garnet coalescence and overgrowth while the rock was deforming.  相似文献   

Shear wave propagation along infinite slopes: A theoretically based numerical study     

C. di Prisco  M. Pastor  F. Pisanò 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(5):619-642

In this paper, the seismic response of ‘infinitely’ long slopes is numerically analysed via the formulation of a 1D analytical/numerical model, in which the soil mechanical behaviour is assumed to be elasto‐perfectly viscoplastic and simple shear (SS) kinematical constraints are imposed. In order to simplify the problem, a theoretically based procedure to set up a fully 1D shear constitutive model is defined, within which the mechanical response of a multiaxial relationship is condensed. The use of a 1D shear constitutive model is aimed at reducing the number of unknowns and, therefore, the computational costs. In particular, the case of the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion is considered, while an enhanced Taylor–Galerkin finite element algorithm is employed to simulate the seismic wave propagation within the soil stratum. The proposed ‘condensation’/calibration procedure captures both the ‘pseudo’‐hardening pre‐failure behaviour and the influence of dilation on the occurrence of strain‐localization, which characterize, under SS conditions, the static response of virgin perfectly plastic soils. The effectiveness of the conceived method is shown with reference to freshly deposited deposits, while, in the case of highly overconsolidated strata, some difficulties arise because of the brittle behaviour induced both by unloading and non‐associativeness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Research　of　pattern　dynamics　parameters　of　crustal　deformation　field　in　seismogenic　process     

周硕愚  吴云  王若柏  杨国华 《地震学报(英文版)》1994,7(3):427-432

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新公式计算岩层真厚度的Excel算法     

徐少康 《化工矿产地质》2007,29(4):222-226

使用软件1,将岩层序号、导线的方位和倾角、岩层的倾向、倾角和两层面切割导线处的读数分别输入A、F、G、H、I、J、K列,先后分别沿M、N列从第2行单元格开始拖动鼠标,岩层真厚度数据和累积厚度即刻计算出来,进一步可计岩组或岩性段的真厚度;将导线的序号、方位、倾角、长度分别输入W、X、Y、Z列,先后分别沿AB、AC、AD、AE、AF、AG、AH列,从第2行单元格开始拖动鼠标,导线的水平投影长度、纵座标增量及其累积值、横座标增量及其累积值、高程增量及其累积值即刻计算出来。使用软件2,在输入原始数据的同时,结果便计算出来。  相似文献   

Compaction localization in the Earth and the laboratory: state of the research and research directions   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

David Holcomb  John W. Rudnicki  Kathleen A. Issen  Kurt Sternlof 《Acta Geotechnica》2007,2(1):1-15

Localized compaction in porous rocks is a recently recognized phenomenon that has been shown to reduce permeability dramatically. Consequently, the phenomenon is relevant to a variety of technologies involving fluid injection or withdrawal. This article summarizes current understanding of localized compaction and impediments to further progress. The article is based on discussions at a small workshop on localized compaction sponsored by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy.  相似文献   

剪切带倾角尺度律与局部化启动跳跃稳定研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9  

王学滨  潘一山 《岩土力学》2002,23(4):446-449

研究了剪切带倾角是如何依赖于岩样高度以及剪切带的不稳定性。建立了准脆性材料试件剪切带倾角尺度效应模型,得到了剪切带倾角尺度效应的解析解,且与实验结果比较相符。研究结果表明:剪切带倾角随着试件高度的增加而增加,但其增加幅逐渐减缓,最终趋于稳定值。笔者还对剪应变局部化启动、跳跃和稳定进行了理论分析,解释了实验所观测到的剪切带跳跃现象和砂岩岩样应变局部化较煤样滞后的原因。剪应变局部化是否发生跳跃,关键取决于全程应力-应变曲线软化段是否存在拐点。对于没有拐点的情形,宏观剪切带图案不跳跃。局部化是导致准脆性材料试件剪切带倾角尺度效应的原因。  相似文献   

峨嵋山地区块体图的计算机绘制     

程学忠 《矿物岩石》2001,21(1):101-104

本文介绍了用计算机辅助设计软件AUTOCAD与三维动画软件3DMAX来绘制峨嵋山地区块体图的方法，以此为例子讲述了将地形图改画面三维图的具体操作步骤，并进一步论述了用计算机绘制块体图的方法有着广泛的应用及其实用价值。  相似文献   

Geospatial technologies for Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions     

Kaichang Di  Zhaoqin Liu  Wenhui Wan  Man Peng  Bin Liu  Yexin Wang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2020,23(1):87-97

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a brief overview of the geospatial technologies developed and applied in Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions. Photogrammetric mapping techniques were used to produce topographic products of the landing site with meter level resolution using orbital images before landing, and to produce centimeter-resolution topographic products in near real-time after landing. Visual positioning techniques were used to determine the locations of the two landers using descent images and orbital basemaps immediately after landing. During surface operations, visual-positioning-based rover localization was performed routinely at each waypoint using Navcam images. The topographic analysis and rover localization results directly supported waypoint-to-waypoint path planning, science target selection and scientific investigations. A GIS-based digital cartography system was also developed to support rover teleoperation.  相似文献   

Matrix expression of thermal radiative characteristics for an open complex   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

徐希孺  范闻捷  陈良富 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(7):654-661

The directionality of thermal radiance of a homogeneous isothermal non-black plane surface is totally decided by its directional emissivity, which depends on the complex dielectric constant and roughness of surface. It can be expressed by This paper proves that it is necessary to express emissivity by a matrix when a target becomes an inhomogeneous non-isothermal open complex with complicated inner geometric structure. The matrix describes the inner radiative interaction among components accurately and also expresses its thermal radiative directionality and structural characteristics completely. Advantages of matrix expression are as follows: first, the physical mechanics of effective emissivity of an open complex is described in a simple and perfect way; second, it becomes easy to understand the principle and method to retrieve components temperature from multi-angle thermal remotely sensed data; and third, the differences of directionalities between an open complex and a homogeneous isothermal non-black plane body are expressed by just using an effective emissivity matrix instead of an emissivity vector. Formula in classic physics is only the special case of matrix expression; therefore, the matrix is a universal unconditional expression to describe the directionality of thermal radiance.  相似文献   

隐伏矿床(体)定位预测的综合找勘方法   总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2  

刘幼平  武国辉  曾道国  罗宏远 《矿产与地质》2006,20(1):62-66

简述了综合找勘方法的组成和特点,重点从地质背景条件的分析、控矿构造与矿体特征的研究、地球物理测量、深部工程验证和找勘模式的建立等方面介绍了综合找勘方法的应用与研究内容;并列举了应用综合找勘方法在黔西北地区寻找隐伏铅-锌矿效果较明显的猫猫厂铅-锌矿和垭都铅-锌矿实例。  相似文献