Orientation,composition, and entrapment conditions of fluid inclusions in the footwall of the northern Snake Range detachment,Nevada     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

Footwall rocks of the northern Snake Range detachment fault (Hampton and Hendry's Creeks) offer exposures of quartzite mylonites (sub-horizontal foliation) that were permeated by surface fluids. An S–C–C′ mylonitic fabric is defined by dynamically recrystallized quartz and mica. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses indicate a strong preferred orientation of quartz that is overprinted by two sets of sub-vertical, ESE and NNE striking fractures. Analyses of sets of three perpendicular thin sections indicate that fluid inclusions (FIs) are arranged according to macroscopic fracture patterns. FIs associated with NNE and ESE-striking fractures coevally trapped unmixed CO₂ and H₂O-rich fluids at conditions near the critical CO₂–H₂O solvus, giving minimum trapping conditions of T = 175–200 °C and ∼100 MPa H₂O-rich FIs trapped along ESE-trending microcracks in single crystals of quartz may have been trapped at conditions as low as 150 °C and 50 MPa indicating the latest microfracturing and annealing of quartz in an overall extensional system. Results suggest that the upper crust was thin (4–8 km) during FI trapping and had an elevated geotherm (>50 °C/km). Footwall rocks that have been exhumed through the brittle-ductile transition in such extensional systems experience both brittle and crystal-plastic deformation that may allow for circulation of meteoric fluids and grain-scale fluid–rock interactions.  相似文献   

西准噶尔南部玛依勒洋盆开启、闭合时限:来自中泥盆统与下伏地质体之间角度不整合关系的证据   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

白建科  陈隽璐  闫臻  唐卓  徐学义  李继亮 《岩石学报》2015,31(1):133-142

新疆西准噶尔南部地区出露多条蛇绿岩,其中玛依勒蛇绿岩是该地区比较重要的蛇绿岩之一,其所代表的古洋盆的开启、闭合时限一直是地学界争论的焦点。详细的野外调查发现:玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩呈构造岩块的形式就位于中-上志留统玛依拉山岩群复理石基质中或与寒武纪杂岩体在空间上密切共生,表明玛依勒蛇绿岩所代表的古洋盆至少在寒武纪时期就已经开启,一直持续到中-晚志留世;中泥盆统库鲁木迪组分别角度不整合于中-上志留统玛依拉山岩群和寒武纪杂岩体之上,从而限定了玛依勒洋盆闭合时限的上限为中泥盆世之前。地层剖面分析发现库鲁木迪组与玛依拉山岩群之间在岩性特征、地层序列、沉积环境等方面均存在显著差异,表明晚古生代早期是西准噶尔地区构造演化发展的重要转换时期,库鲁木迪组下部的陆相沉积序列是对玛依勒早古生代洋盆闭合过程的沉积学响应。这将对进一步研究西准噶尔的构造演化和古生代中亚地区的构造格局提供了重要的制约。  相似文献   

Redox zonation and oscillation in the hyporheic zone of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta: Implications for the fate of groundwater arsenic during discharge     

《Applied Geochemistry》2015

Riverbank sediment cores and pore waters, shallow well waters, seepage waters and river waters were collected along the Meghna Riverbank in Gazaria Upazila, Bangladesh in Jan. 2006 and Oct.–Nov. 2007 to investigate hydrogeochemical processes controlling the fate of groundwater As during discharge. Redox transition zones from suboxic (0–2 m depth) to reducing (2–5 m depth) then suboxic conditions (5–7 m depth) exist at sites with sandy surficial deposits, as evidenced by depth profiles of pore water (n = 7) and sediment (n = 11; diffuse reflectance, Fe(III)/Fe ratios and Fe(III) concentrations). The sediment As enrichment zone (up to ∼700 mg kg⁻¹) is associated with the suboxic zones mostly between 0 and 2 m depth and less frequently between 5 and 7 m depth. The As enriched zones consist of several 5–10 cm-thick dispersed layers and span a length of ∼5–15 m horizontally from the river shore. Depth profiles of riverbank pore water deployed along a 32 m transect perpendicular to the river shore show elevated levels of dissolved Fe (11.6 ± 11.7 mg L⁻¹) and As (118 ± 91 μg L⁻¹, mostly as arsenite) between 2 and 5 m depth, but lower concentrations between 0 and 2 m depth (0.13 ± 0.19 mg L⁻¹ Fe, 1 ± 1 μg L⁻¹ As) and between 5 and 6 m depth (1.14 ± 0.45 mg L⁻¹ Fe, 28 ± 17 μg L⁻¹ As). Because it would take more than a few hundred years of steady groundwater discharge (∼10 m yr⁻¹) to accumulate hundreds of mg kg⁻¹ of As in the riverbank sediment, it is concluded that groundwater As must have been naturally elevated prior to anthropogenic pumping of the aquifer since the 1970s. Not only does this lend unequivocal support to the argument that As occurrence in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta groundwater is of geogenic origin, it also calls attention to the fate of this As enriched sediment as it may recycle As into the aquifer.  相似文献   

Does cultivated land function transition occur in China?   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SONG Xiaoqing  HUANG Yuan  WU Zhifeng  OUYANG Zhu 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(7)

  相似文献   

西昌大箐梁子组形成时代及沉积环境^*     

傅建利  赵志中  李朝柱  王书兵  陈永生  蒋复初  姚海涛  王燕  乔彦松 《第四纪研究》2007,27(4):620-631

对大箐梁子剖面进行了系统的磁性地层学研究和孢粉分析。磁性地层结果显示,剖面中B/M界线出现于32.6m处,剖面下部出现了C1r.2r-1n极性事件; 本次测试结合已有研究成果表明,大箐梁子组形成于1.256~0.195MaB.P.。孢粉记录反映在此期间该区经历了凉湿(1.256~1.180MaB.P.)—暖干,后期偏潮湿(1.18~0.94MaB.P.)—暖湿(0.94~0.66MaB.P.)—温湿(0.66~0.59MaB.P.)—凉干(0.59~0.40MaB.P.)—干旱(0.400~0.195MaB.P.)的6个气候演变阶段,揭示出5次明显气候转型事件。通过与青藏高原和黄土高原地区不同或相同季风环流系统中其他剖面气候特征的比较,探讨了气候转型的控制因素。分析结果表明大箐梁子剖面环境演变过程主要受青藏高原"昆黄运动"阶段性隆升与全球气候变化控制,同时也受该区季风环流的复杂性、特殊的地貌部位等区域环境的影响。  相似文献   

Short-term climate changes during the Last Glacial–Holocene transition: comparison between Mediterranean records and the GRIP event stratigraphy     

A. Asioli  F. Trincardi  J. J. Lowe  F. Oldfield 《第四纪科学杂志》1999,14(4):373-381

This paper presents biostratigraphical and stable isotope data obtained from core CM92–43, which was recovered from the central Adriatic as part of a comprehensive investigation of the palaeoenvironmental history of the basin. The data span the period of the Last Glacial–Holocene (LG–H) transition (ca. 18000 to 8000 GRIP ice-core yr BP). Regional biozones are defined on the basis of characteristic assemblages of planktic Foraminifera, and these are compared with other foraminiferal biostratigraphical schemes from the southern Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Variations in relative abundance of selected planktic Foraminifera and in selected pollen types are shown alongside variations in δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C obtained from Globigerina bulloides and relative abundance of Globigerinoides ex. gr. ruber. The data are compared with the GRIP ice-core record and the event stratigraphy scheme based on this record, and it is concluded that the climate forcing mechanisms that controlled climate variations in the North Atlantic region during the LG–H transition also extended their influence into the Mediterranean region over the same period. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海陆过渡带氯离子迁移规律分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

贾超  朱恒华  虞未江  卫政润  刘治政  李双 《山东国土资源》2020,36(1)

伴随全球气候变暖导致的海平面上升及沿海地区对地下水资源的超量开采,将会诱发海咸水入侵内陆地下水,导致海陆过渡带的迁移,影响区域社会经济及水资源安全。该文以山东半岛蓝色经济区为研究背景,选取区域内龙口、招远滨海区域作为研究区,首先对研究区内的地下水流场规律进行刻画,然后以模拟因子,对目前地下水超采情景下的海陆过渡带迁移规律进行量化分析研究,研究结果表明:龙口、招远滨海区域海陆过渡带的宽度约为1.5～4.5km,且内陆地下水位越高,海陆过渡带向内陆迁移的速度越慢、范围越小。该成果对研究山东半岛蓝色经济区海陆过渡带的迁移具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

变形场锋生对0108登陆台风温带变性和暴雨形成作用的诊断分析   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

韩桂荣  何金海  樊永富  邓华军 《气象学报》2005,63(4):468-476

文中利用MM5模式对0108(桃芝)台风温带变性特征及暴雨的发生发展机制进行了诊断分析。分析表明0108(桃芝)台风登陆后其大风区向外扩展,中心区以外的气压仍有下降。由于锋面的斜压作用其温度场结构发生了明显变化,由对称的暖心结构演变为半暖半冷的温带气旋非对称结构,相对应的高度场、流场特征亦表现出非对称结构。通过计算变形向量、锋生函数及非地转风的分布,发现在锋生函数中变形项所起作用比散度项和倾斜项要早、要大,对台风温带变性有重要的作用。而锋生结果加强了风场的非地转性并强迫出锋面垂直次级环流,造成强烈的辐合上升运动,引起台风暴雨的增幅。  相似文献   

Adjustments in river channel geometry associated with hydraulic discontinuities across the fluvial–tidal transition of a regulated river     

Angela M. Gurnell 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(10):967-985

Major hydraulic discontinuities along lowland rivers may be caused by water impoundment behind weirs, by tributary floods, and by tides. An analysis of the geometry of 122 surveyed channel cross-sections located on an 18 km reach of the lower River Dee identifies up to three levels in the bank profile representing minima in the width:mean depth ratio, and distinct changes in the geometric properties of the channel to these three levels in a downstrem direction and within four stretches influenced to varying degrees by hydraulic discontinuities created by a weir and by tidal overtopping of the weir. Simple modelling combined with field observations suggest possible processes that may control the observed changes in channel morphology. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Vegetation,climate, and fire during the late-glacial–Holocene transition at Spruce Pond,Hudson Highlands,southeastern New York,USA     

TERRYANNE E. MAENZA-GMELCH 《第四纪科学杂志》1997,12(1):15-24

Pollen, plant macrofossil, and charcoal records from Spruce Pond (41°14′22″N, 74°12′15″W), southeastern New York, USA dated by AMS provide details about late-glacial–early Holocene vegetation development in the Hudson Highlands from >12410 to 9750 ¹⁴C yr BP. Prior to 12410 yr BP, vegetation was apparently open, dominated by herbs and shrubs (Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Tubuliflorae, Salix, Alnus, Betula), possibly with scattered trees (Picea and Pinus). However, Picea macrofossils are not found until 12410 yr BP. Development of a temperature deciduous–boreal-coniferous forest featuring Quercus, Fraxinus, Ostrya/Carpinus, Pinus, Picea, and Abies occurs between 12410 and 11140 yr BP. A return of predominantly boreal forest taxa between 11140 and 10230 yr BP is interpreted as an expression of the Younger Dryas cooling event. Holocene warming at 10230 yr BP is signalled by arrival of Pinus strobus, coincident with expansion of Quercus-dominated forest. Fire activity, as inferred from charcoal influx, appears to have increased as woodland developed after 12410 yr BP. Two charcoal influx peaks occur during Younger Dryas time. Early Holocene fire activity was relatively high but decreased for approximately 100 yr prior to the establishment of Tsuga canadensis in the forest at 9750 yr BP. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献