盐酸介质下火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅精粉中的高含量银   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘高令  姜贞贞  吴文清  王祝  邵蓓  邬国栋  李明礼 《岩矿测试》2016,35(6):621-625

对于铅精粉中银含量高的样品,特别是银含量大于1000μg/g和含有机质及含硫量高的铅精粉样品,在湿法处理样品过程中因存在难溶解、易包裹、易沉淀,使得银含量的测定结果偏低。针对上述问题,本文从优化样品消解方法出发,研究了铅精矿中银的最佳分析条件。即首先用盐酸除硫,再用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸溶解试样,在20%盐酸介质中,用火焰原子吸收光谱仪于波长328.07 nm测定银的含量。在此实验条件下溶矿完全,提取液清澈,无沉淀。用铅精粉国家标准物质GBW07167、GBW07172和标准样品Pb-3进行验证,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为1.0%~3.2%,银的测定结果与其标准值吻合较好。本方法制备的样品溶液稳定性较好,分析快速,可测定的银含量高达3000μg/g。  相似文献   

Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level determined from a tectonically stable,far-field location,Eyre Peninsula,southern Australia     

C. V. Murray-Wallace  A. P. Belperio  A. Dosseto  W. A. Nicholas  C. Mitchell  R. P. Bourman 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(5):611-630

The last interglacial maximum (Marine Isotope Substage 5e [MIS 5e], 128–116 ka) is a distinctive event in recent Earth history. Shoreline successions of this age are important for calibrating climate models and defining the overall behaviour of the crust–mantle system to fluctuating ice and ocean-water volumes. In a global context, the recently intensified interest in last interglacial shoreline successions has revealed considerable variability in the magnitude of sea-level rise during this time interval and highlighted the need to examine paleosea-level evidence from tectonically stable, far-field settings. Situated in the far-field of continental ice sheets and on the tectonically stable Gawler Craton, the 300 km coastal sector of western Eyre Peninsula between Fowlers Bay and Lake Newland in southern Australia represents an important region for defining the glacio-eustatic (ice-equivalent) sea-level attained during the last interglacial maximum based on the relative sea-level observations from this region. Low-energy, shoaling upward, peritidal bioclastic carbonate successions of the last interglacial (locally termed Glanville Formation) formed within back-barrier, estuarine–lagoonal environments in the lee of eolianite barrier complexes (locally termed Bridgewater Formation) along this coastline. The well-preserved shelly successions (coquinas) contain diverse molluscan fossil assemblages including species no longer living in the coastal waters of South Australia (e.g. the Sydney cockle Anadara trapezia and the benthic foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis). The extent of amino acid racemisation (a measure of fossil age based on increasing d/l value) in a range of species, and in particular A. trapezia and Katelysia sp., confirms the time equivalence of the isolated embayment-fill successions, correlated with the informal type section of the Glanville Formation at Dry Creek, north of Adelaide. Preliminary U-series analyses on A. trapezia also suggest a correlation with the last interglacial maximum, but further highlight the complexity in dating fossil molluscs by the U-series method in view of their open-system behaviour. The shelly successions of the Glanville Formation occur at elevations higher than attained by sea-level in the current, Holocene interglacial. A higher sea-level of between 2.1 ± 0.5 and 4 ± 0.5 m above present sea-level is inferred for the last interglacial maximum (MIS 5e) along this coastline based on the elevation of sedimentary successions host to the shallow subtidal–intertidal fossil molluscs Katelysia sp., and Anadara trapezia. The paleosea-level observations place a lower limit on the sea-level attained during the last interglacial maximum and suggest that caution be exercised in the definition of the upper limit of sea-level during this interglacial.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of various dispersed alkaline substrates for the pre-treatment of ferriferous acid mine drainage     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Dispersed alkaline substrates (DAS) have been successfully used in passive treatment of highly contaminated acid mine drainage (AMD) to limit coating and clogging issues. However, further optimization of DAS systems is still needed, especially for their long-term efficiency during the treatment of ferriferous AMD. In the present study, three types of DAS comprised of natural alkaline materials (wood ash, calcite, dolomite), in different proportions (20%v/v, 50%v/v, 80%v/v), and a substrate with high surface area (wood chips) were tested in 9 batch reactors. The testing was carried out, in duplicate, for a period of 91 days, to evaluate the comparative performance of the mixtures for iron pre-treatment in ferriferous AMD (2500 mg/L Fe, at pH 4). Results showed increasing of pH (between 4.15 and 7.12), regardless of the proportion of alkaline materials in the DAS mixtures. Among the tested mixtures, wood ash type DAS were more effective for Fe removal (99.9%) than calcite or dolomite type DAS (up to 66%). All tested DAS had limited efficiency for sulfate removal and an additional treatment unit, such as a sulfate-reducing biochemical reactor, is needed. Moreover, due to the similar performances of the calcite and dolomite DAS, they could be potentially substituted and rather be used in a polishing treatment unit. Based on these findings, the most promising mixture was the 50% wood ash type DAS (WA50-DAS).  相似文献   

酸性矿井水在土壤-水环境中运移规律的研究     

王岩  梁冰  张兴华  胡晓吉 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(1):36-41

以溶质运移理论为基础,分析了酸性矿井水在含水层中运移的规律,通过室内土柱实验模拟了酸性矿井水对地下水污染的动态过程,并结合实际观测数据进行对比分析。结果表明：污染面积随时间推移不断扩大,且纵向扩散显著;不同组分由于各自特征的巨大差异,污染程度也有很大差别。本文的研究对预测预报酸性矿井水迁移归宿、评价环境质量、资源化利用以及环境污染的治理与控制等具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。  相似文献   

Biogenic iron oxyhydrosulfate and iron oxyhydroxide occurring in acid mine drainage and their environmental engineering implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHOU Li-Xiang 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):74

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泰山酸雨特征及影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈善炳  李涛  陈叶婷 《山东气象》2018,38(4):122-127

利用2006—2015年泰山气象站的降水pH、电导率、降水量和风向风速资料,统计分析了泰山酸雨特征和变化趋势,探讨了降水量和风向风速对酸雨的影响。结果表明,泰山降水年均pH变化范围为4.31～4.99,酸雨发生频率达到69.3%;pH随降水量的增加而趋于5.60（中性）;5月至次年1月的月均pH与月平均过程降水量的变化趋势一致;月均电导率与月平均过程降水量的变化趋势相反。泰山降水期间盛行西南风,在南风和东北风条件下,酸雨出现频率最高且酸性最强,这主要是风速风向因素和人为排放源分布共同导致的。近10 a泰山降水酸性程度有所减弱,酸雨频率明显下降,表明近年来酸雨污染情况有所改善,有利于保护泰山生态环境。  相似文献   

2007—2014年湖北省酸雨变化时空特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王苗  刘敏  王凯  柳晶辉 《气象》2016,42(7):857-864

本文利用湖北省32个监测站2007—2014年及宜昌、武汉站1990—2014年酸雨逐日监测资料,对湖北省酸雨变化情况进行分析,结果表明：湖北省年均降水pH值为4.68,属于弱酸雨等级;自2008年开始全省酸雨强度不断减弱,2007—2014年期间持续为弱酸雨等级,pH低值区主要位于三峡河谷地区及鄂西部分地区、鄂东南西部及南部;年均酸雨、强酸雨频率分别为69.5%、24.4%,酸雨频率呈波动下降趋势,强酸雨频率自2009年开始呈现明显减少趋势,酸雨频发区主要位于南部大部地区及鄂西北东部;年均电导率为50.3 μs·cm-1,主要呈现中部高、东西低的分布型;湖北省酸雨强度冬强夏弱,发生频率冬多夏少,电导率冬高夏低;武汉2005年以后酸雨强度趋于增加,2006—2012年持续为强酸雨,电导率呈增加趋势,宜昌酸雨强度、降水污染程度均高于武汉;另监测显示,湖北上空NO2含量分布范围呈现扩散加重趋势,武汉地区SO2呈减少趋势,NO2呈增加趋势,这种变化有可能导致湖北省酸雨类型逐渐从硫酸主导型向复合型转变。  相似文献   

盐度对鲈鱼稚、幼鱼发育阶段氨基酸的影响     

杨山  王艳  刘涛  胡先成  陈炜 《海洋科学》2016,40(3):17-22

为揭示鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)稚、幼鱼在淡化过程中氨基酸的组成及含量的变化规律,本实验在15.00、7.50及0.00共3个盐度梯度下,用氨基酸全自动分析仪对鲈鱼稚、幼鱼氨基酸的组成及含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,实验中,3个盐度组的总氨基酸含量均逐渐增加,且它们之间没有显著性差异;实验中15.00盐度的必需氨基酸总量略呈下降趋势,而7.50盐度组和0.00盐度组均呈上升趋势,3个盐度之间存在显著性差异(P0.05);除脯氨酸外,3个盐度组中其他的非必需氨基酸含量及总的非必需氨基酸含量也均无显著差异。  相似文献   

外源水和外源酸对万华岩地下河系统岩溶碳汇效应的影响     

刘朋雨  张连凯  黄奇波  覃小群 《中国岩溶》2020,39(1):17-23

流域的岩石化学风化过程是全球碳循环中的重要环节。近年来流域水化学碳汇通量估算已越来越多地关注到外源水(硅酸盐风化)及外源酸对全球碳循环的影响。文章选取万华岩地下河流域为研究区,流域硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩分布面积占比为64%和36%,于2017年对洞口进行为期一年的取样监测,并分别于4月和9月对万华岩地下河系统内13个水点的离子组成进行监测,利用水化学平衡法和Galy模型,对流域岩石化学风化速率和CO2消耗通量进行了计算,对万华岩地下河系统的岩石风化和碳循环过程进行了分析。结果表明,万华岩地下河系统岩石风化消耗CO2的速率为31.02 t·(km2·a)-1;以碳酸岩风化为主,其风化速率为硅酸盐溶蚀的20倍;流域内碳酸盐岩风化对CO2消耗量占到整个流域的92.16%;不同岩石风化类型对碳通量的贡献率以碳酸溶解碳酸盐岩最大,为87.06%;流域上游的外源水对岩溶碳汇具有巨大的促进作用,外源水汇入后碳酸盐岩碳汇速率可以达到无外源水汇入流域的2倍;硫酸溶解碳酸盐岩次之,为9.24%;碳酸风化硅酸盐岩最小,为3.7%,在计算流域碳汇量的时候应将硫酸参与岩石风化的影响去除。  相似文献   

RECOGNITION OF A BIOFILM AT THE SEDIMENT–WATER INTERFACE OF AN ACID MINE DRAINAGE-CONTAMINATED STREAM,AND ITS ROLE IN CONTROLLING IRON FLUX     

STEPHEN BOULT  NICHOLAS JOHNSON  CHARLES CURTIS 《水文研究》1997,11(4):391-399

Material collected over a month on plates attached to the bed of the Afon Goch, Anglesey, a stream highly contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD), was either examined intact by electron microscopy or suspended and cultured to reveal the presence of microbiota. Certain of the aerobic microbiota were identified, the genus Pseudomonas formed the commonest isolate and cultures of Serratia plymuthica were grown in order to compare the biofilms formed with the material collected in the Afon Goch. The material at the sediment–water interface of the Afon Goch was of similar underlying morphology to that of the cultured biofilms. However, the former had a superficial granular coating of equidimensional (60–100 nm) and evenly spaced iron rich particles (determined by X-ray microanalysis). The sediment–water interface of this AMD-contaminated stream is therefore best described as a highly contaminated biofilm. Evidence from previous work suggests that the streambed is active in iron removal from the water column. The intimate association of iron with microbiota at the streambed, therefore, implies that iron flux prediction may not be possible from physical and chemical data alone but requires knowledge of biofilm physiology and ecology. Microbially mediated metal precipitation, both by single bacteria and by biofilms, has been reported elsewhere but mass balance considerations suggest that this explanation cannot hold good for the large amounts of iron hydroxide depositing from waters of the prevalent pH and redox status. Filtered stream water analyses indicate the presence of colloidal iron hydroxide and also its removal downstream where ochreous (iron hydroxide rich) material accumulates. The process of iron immobilization is likely to be the attraction and physical trapping of colloidal iron hydroxide by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which constitute the matrix of biofilms. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献