水动力学条件对鱼类生长影响的试验研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘稳  诸葛亦斯  欧阳丽  余伟  刘德富 《水科学进展》2009,20(6):812-817

以鲫鱼为研究对象,将其放入流速渐变环形水槽的不同水动力分区中进行实验,研究水动力学条件对鱼类生长的影响。通过对水槽流场的三维数值模拟,得到其中与鲫鱼生长相联系的水动力学细部特征,将模拟结果与实测流场数据比较分析,结果可靠。细部特征采用流速、流速梯度和动能梯度3个水动力学特征量进行量化分析,并结合鲫鱼相对日增长率,得到鱼类生长与水动力学特征量之间的定量关系。流速对鲫鱼有一个短期的胁迫作用,0.20m/s流速比较适宜鲫鱼的生长;鲫鱼的体重相对日增长率随着水流动能梯度增大而下降,两者呈现负相关性,0.009J/(kg·m)为鲫鱼生长所需动能梯度的一个阈值。通过量化鱼类生长对水动力学条件的需求,可为生态水利规划提供定量化的依据。  相似文献   

沙区植被恢复对土壤微生物量及活性的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

石万里  王辉  马维伟 《中国沙漠》2017,37(3):507-513

土壤微生物是生态系统功能及养分循环的关键影响因素,对土壤质量变化有重要的指示意义。研究了干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤微生物量及微生物活性的变化特征及其季节动态。结果表明：固沙植被区土壤微生物量碳氮和土壤基础呼吸显著大于流动沙丘,总体上表现为同一土层土壤微生物量碳氮和基础呼吸速率随植被恢复年限的延长而增加,而同一年代植被区则随土层深度的增加而减小。土壤微生物代谢熵随固沙年限的延长呈下降趋势,随土层深度的增加而增大。土壤微生物量和基础呼吸呈现出明显的季节变化,表现为夏季 >秋季 >春季 >冬季,且随着恢复年限的延长其变化幅度增大;微生物代谢熵不存在明显的季节变化。土壤微生物属性能够较好地反映沙区植被恢复引发的土壤质量变化。  相似文献   

Reflection on the first five years of South Africa’s Acoustic Tracking Array Platform (ATAP): status,challenges and opportunities     

PD Cowley  RH Bennett  A-R Childs  TS Murray 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(4):363-372

The Acoustic Tracking Array Platform (ATAP) is a marine science programme that monitors the movements and migrations of inshore marine animals along the South African coastline. Acoustically tagged animals are monitored by an expanded network of approximately 100 automated data-logging acoustic receivers moored at strategic node sites, from Cape Point in the west to the South Africa–Mozambique border in the east. During five years since its inception, in 2011, the ATAP has achieved outstanding progress in terms of the numbers of animals and the variety of species tagged. To date, the ATAP has yielded over 2.6 million detections from more than 700 acoustically tagged animals, representing 27 different species from 20 families, including the African penguin Spheniscus demersus, fishery-at-risk species (e.g. dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus) and iconic elasmobranchs (e.g. white shark Carcharodon carcharias). Following a period of considerable equipment loss in 2014, refinement of the receiver network was required and the deeper receivers at each site were decommissioned without influencing the integrity of the nationwide array. The platform, managed by the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, ultimately represents a low-cost method of collecting long-term data that currently benefits approximately 25 researchers from 14 organisations. Case studies are presented to expose the opportunities provided by the ATAP, which will undoubtedly yield new discoveries and provide a greater understanding of the movement patterns and migrations of a wide variety of inshore marine and estuary-associated species.  相似文献   

Fishery benefits from exploiting spawning aggregations not solely dependent on enhanced fish density     

J Robinson  NAJ Graham  C Gerry  J Bijoux 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(3):269-278

The vulnerability of spawning aggregations to exploitation varies among fisheries as a result of differences in the population-density changes associated with this behaviour. However, vulnerability to fishing is also influenced by technology, environmental factors, and fish and fisher behaviours. Focusing on a fishery for the rabbitfish Siganus sutor at Praslin Island, Seychelles, we examined how catch rate varied across spawning and non-spawning habitats in relation to in situ population-density changes and other factors known to influence catchability. Catch rates in spawning habitat were disproportionate to density changes, being only fourfold greater than catch rates in non-spawning habitat, despite the fact that spawning-aggregation formation involved nine- to thirteen-fold increases in population density. Catch rates in spawning habitat were also highly variable across the spawning season (0–23.4 fish trap-hour^?1). Current strength was of similar importance to density as a catch-rate predictor, with the highest catch rates in spawning habitats confined to months with the strongest currents. Therefore, in addition to density-dependent catchability, other factors that influence catch rates must be examined to avoid overestimation of the vulnerability of populations to aggregation fishing. The dynamics of catchability at spawning sites can limit the ability of fishers to predict and maximise returns based on increases in fish density.  相似文献   

中国近海大黄鱼和日本带鱼群体数量变动及其资源保护措施探讨          下载免费PDF全文

张其永  洪万树  陈仕玺 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(3):438-445

作者根据长期调查研究,分析了大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)和日本带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)群体数量变动的因果关系,并提出了加强我国海洋渔业资源科学监管的建议:(1)正确划分大黄鱼和带鱼地理种群及其产卵群体,为资源繁殖保护提供参考依据;(2)修订若干《渔业法》条款,重新审定《官井洋大黄鱼繁殖保护区管理规定》;(3)充分合理开发利用闽东渔场近海岛屿周边海域,并且采用抗风浪升降式圆柱形深水养殖网箱养殖大黄鱼;建立内湾性官井洋大黄鱼海洋牧场渔业基地,并新建中国著名舟山渔场大黄鱼繁殖保护区;(4)继续加强大黄鱼原种场建设,大力开展大黄鱼良种选育研究,每年提供大批量野生大黄鱼人工培育的原种子一代幼鱼进行增殖放流;(5)巩固和扩大伏季休渔效果,全年禁止违法而严重损害带鱼幼鱼资源的各种张网作业;(6)以法治渔,加快制定符合于我国实情的海洋渔业科学监管的有效措施.  相似文献   

湿地植被生物量测算方法研究进展   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

王树功  黎夏  周永章 《地理与地理信息科学》2004,20(5):104-109,F003

湿地植被生物量是衡量湿地生态系统健康状况的重要指标。传统的生物量测算方法主要是通过样方调查,采取收割法等方法;遥感估算法是借助遥感影像某些波段对湿地植被的灵敏反应,再配合典型的样地调查和GPS定位进行。在这两类方法的基础上,均可依据长时间序列的基础资料(实测资料、影像资料等),建立生物量的计算公式,以便进行类比或预测。笔者在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,论述了湿地生物量测算方法的研究进展。将传统典型样方调查及实验室分析与遥感估算技术(分光学遥感和雷达遥感)不断融合,不仅可以及时掌控湿地生态系统的动态变化,而且为湿地生态系统生态资产的定量测算提供重要参数,并为湿地生态系统的恢复、重建以及管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

焦页XX-HF井近钻头仪器“落鱼”打捞技术          下载免费PDF全文

徐云龙  张居波  席境阳  赵洪山 《探矿工程》2019,46(12):37-39

涪陵页岩气二期开发过程中,为了能够及时发现地层变化,钻井平台部署的第一口井在三开井段一般使用近钻头仪器,以便及时调整井眼轨迹,提高优质页岩的钻遇率。动力钻具前面安装近钻头仪器和钻头,导致动力钻具传动轴负载增加,传动轴易发生疲劳破坏。焦页XX-HF井钻进至3971.42 m处,近钻头仪器无信号,起钻后发现动力钻具传动轴断裂,近钻头仪器和钻头落井。本井“落鱼”较短且处于水平段,“鱼头”难找,起下钻摩阻大,不易通过遇阻判断打捞工具是否接触“鱼顶”。通过对孔内情况仔细分析,制定可行的打捞方案,现场加工母锥打捞工具,最终成功将井下“落鱼”安全捞出。本井所采取的处理思路和技术措施对今后同类事故的处理具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于稳定同位素的枸杞岛海藻场鱼类群落营养结构特征     

薛彬  李磊  蒋丽勤  张佳奇  戴乾  王君 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(2):431-440

为了阐明枸杞岛近岸海域食物网结构,为岛礁近岸海藻场鱼类群落结构变化提供研究依据,应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术方法,分析评估了舟山枸杞岛近岸海藻场主要鱼类群落的营养结构特征及其季节变化。结果表明,海藻场茂盛期(春、夏季)主要鱼类的δ¹³C值范围为-20.4‰～-12.8‰,均值为-16.1‰,其δ¹⁵N值范围为4.1‰～10.4‰,均值为8.4‰;海藻场衰退期(秋、冬季)主要鱼类的δ¹³C值范围为-17.9‰～-14.4.‰,均值为-16.1‰,δ¹⁵N值范围为7.6‰-12.9‰,均值为9.7‰。钩虾和麦秆虫对褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和斑头鱼(Agrammus agrammus)等海藻场定居种类的食源贡献率最大,浮游动物对黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)和皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)的等非藻场定居种类食源贡献最大;应用SIBER模型计算显示枸杞岛海藻场茂盛期的主要鱼类群落生态位空间、核心生态位...  相似文献   

Length frequency analysis ofPleuragramma antarcticum,Electrona antarctica,Protomyctophum bolini     

Liu Qun  Chen Da-gang 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1995,13(4):380-384

British Antarctic Survey (BAS) data collected near the Antarctic Peninsula area were used in this 1988/1989 study on the length frequency of three Antarctic fish species (Pleuragramma antarcticum, Electrona antarctica and Protomyctophum bolini) showing that the standard length (SL) ofP. Antarcticum ranged from 26.0 mm to 161.0 mm, that the 26.0 mm to 54.0 mm SL juveniles could be considered to be the age group 1 fish, and that the SL ofE. antarctica ranged from 39.4 mm to 89.7 mm for the males and 48.0 mm to 118.0 mm for the females, which may contain at least 6 age groups. This is more than previously thought.P. Bolini had 29.2 mm to 60.2 mm SL and complicated age composition.  相似文献   

Occurrence of larval fishes in the surf zone of a northern Gulf of Mexico barrier island     

David L. Ruple 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(2):191-208

Larval fishes were collected from the surf zone of Horn Island, Mississippi between March 1978 and April 1979. A standardized total of 39 435 larvae were taken from 222 collections in the inner and outer surf zone regions, representing fish in 69 taxa. Overall, considerably more larvae were collected in the outer surf zone (78·3%) than in the inner surf zone (21·7%). Engraulids, Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Symphurus spp. were the most abundant larvae taken from the outer surf zone while engraulids, Leiostomus xanthurus, Brevoortia patronus and Trinectes maculatus were the numerically dominant larvae in the inner surf zone. Seasonal peaks in abundance occurred at the outer surf zone stations during May and June and at the inner surf zone stations during December. Larval densities were significantly greater in night collections than in day collections.The occurrence of early larvae, late larvae and juveniles suggests that the surf zone habitat is important to several species of coastal marine fishes. Menticirrhus littoralis, Harengula jaguana and Trachinotus carolinus appear to most readily utilize the surf zone as a nursery area.  相似文献