BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1982,34(4):458-490

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.  相似文献   

金川县农业生产条件与资源开发     

李明森 《山地学报》1989,(4)

金川具森林丰富、果类品质好,但农牧资源开发水平低、山区经济落后、制约农业生产的自然-社会经济条件众多。今后应以林果业为主,稳定、提高农牧业生产水平,大力发展农林牧副产品深加工工业等,坚持振兴山区经济的战略开发方向,并要采取相应的主要对策。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1986,38(3):295-316

Book Reviewed in this article: Marine Resources of Kuwait: Their Role in the Development of Non-oil Resources . Fatimah H. Y. al -Abdul -Razzak Recollections of a Revolution: Geography as Spatial Science . Mark Billinge , Derek Gregory and Ron Martin Entre l'Eden et l'Utopie . Luc Bureau Developments in Political Geography . M. A. Busteed The Elements of Graphing Data . William S. Cleveland Rural Resource Management . Paul J. Cloke and Chris C. Park Third World Atlas . Ben Crow and Alan Thomas Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation: A Geographic Perspective on Natural Resource Use . Susan L. Cutter , Hilary Lambert Renwick, and William H. Renwick . Wine Regions of the Southern Hemisphere . Harm Jan de Blij Regional Development: Problems and Policies in Eastern and Western Europe . George Demko The Geographer at Work . Peter R. Gould Change in the Amazon Basin . John Hemming Geography Since the Second World War . R. J. Johnston and P. Claval Urbanization in China: Town and Countryside in a Developing Economy 1949–2000 A.D. , R. J. R. Kirkby Transport and Communications for Pacific Microstates: Issues in Organisation and Management . Christopher C. Kissling Fluvial Forms and Processes . David Knighton The Urban Millennium . Josef W. Konvitz Technological Transition in Cartography . Mark Stephen Monmonier Field Guide to Soils and the Environment: Applications of Soil Surveys . Gerald W. Olson Northern Australia: The Arenas of Life and Ecosystems on Half a Continent . Don Parkes A Killing Rain: The Global Threat of Acid Rain . Thomas Pawlick From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850–1931 . Donald J. Pisani Hybrid Maize Diffusion in Kenya . Franz -Michael Rundquist Warning and Response to the Mount St. Helens Eruption . Thomas F. Saarinen and James L. Sell Coastal Geomorphology in Australia . B. G. Thom Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East , 2nd ed . T. C. Whitmore The Dark Side of the Earth . Robert Muir Wood Categorical Data Analysis for Geographers and Environmental Scientists , Neil Wrigley  相似文献   

Preliminary Quantitative Assessment of Earthquake Casualties and Damages   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

José?Badalmiguelvb@unizar.es" title="badal@unizar.es  miguelvb@unizar.es" itemprop="email" data-track="click" data-track-action="Email author" data-track-label="">Email author  Miguel?Vázquez-prada  álvaro?González 《Natural Hazards》2005,34(3):353-374

Prognostic estimations of the expected number of killed or injured people and about the approximate cost associated with the damages caused by earthquakes are made following a suitable methodology of wide-ranging application. For the preliminary assessment of human life losses due to the occurrence of a relatively strong earthquake we use a quantitative model consisting of a correlation between the number of casualties and the earthquake magnitude as a function of population density. The macroseismic intensity field is determined in accordance with an updated anelastic attenuation law, and the number of casualties within areas of different intensity is computed using an application developed in a geographic information system (GIS) environment, taking advantage of the possibilities of such a system for the treatment of space-distributed data. The casualty rate, defined as the number of killed people divided by the number of inhabitants of the affected region, is also computed and we show its variation for some urban concentrations with different population density. For a rough preliminary evaluation of the direct economic cost derived from the damages, equally through a GIS-based tool, we take into account the local social wealth as a function of the gross domestic product of the country. This last step is performed on the basis of the relationship of the macroseismic intensity to the earthquake economic loss in percentage of the wealth. Such an approach to the human casualty and damage levels is carried out for sites near important cities located in a seismically active zone of Spain, thus contributing to an easier taking of decisions in emergency preparedness planning, contemporary earthquake engineering and seismic risk prevention.  相似文献   

Modeling of complex multi-aquifer systems for groundwater resources evaluation—Swidnica study case (Poland)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jacek Gurwin  Maciek Lubczynski 《Hydrogeology Journal》2005,13(4):627-639

An example of groundwater resources evaluation methodology by numerical modeling in the complex, unconsolidated, multi-aquifer system of the Swidnica area (~627 km²) is presented. In this study Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) was used to develop a conceptual model on the basis of data from several hundred boreholes and to calibrate a numerical, multi-aquifer model. A steady state calibration was performed using historical natural groundwater table (quasi-natural simulation) data and abundant pumping test transmissivity data. The calibrated recharge was first spatially distributed based on surface lithology and then adjusted until a good match between calculated and measured heads was obtained. The quasi-natural simulation budget input of ~165,000 m³/day consisted of 40.5% of lateral inflow from the SW fault model boundary, 34.5% of average net recharge from precipitation, 13% of infiltration from the Mietkowskie Lake and 12% of river infiltration. The budget output (the same as input) consisted of ~ 88% of river drainage and ~ 12% of lateral outflow. The final, abstraction-influenced simulation representing the current stationary condition was used to verify the model by cross referencing present well drawdowns with well abstractions and by comparison of the groundwater discharge to the rivers with the field baseflow measurements. In this simulation, the total well abstraction of ~53,000 m³/d resulted in 9% increase in overall water balance up to ~180,000 m³/day, 38% increased river infiltration, 24% reduced river drainage, 17% reduced lateral outflow and ~3 times increased downward leakage to the deepest, productive aquifer. The Swidnica study case shows an example, which analyzes an impact of well abstractions on the decline of groundwater table and river discharges, concluding that reserves of renewable water resources are still available. It shows also, that by setting up a conceptual model within the numerical model environment and by applying a quasi-3D solution, complex multi-aquifer systems can be well and efficiently modeled.

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Resumen Se presenta un ejemplo de metodología de evaluación de recursos de aguas aubterráneas por medio de modelación numérica en el sistema multi-acuífero, complejo, no consolidado del área de Swidnica (~627 km2). Em este estudio se utilizó un sistema de modelamiento de aguas subterráneas (GMS) para desarrollar un modelo conceptual sobre la base de datos de varios cientos de pozos y para calibrar un modelo multi-acuífero numérico. Se llevó a cabo calibración de un estado constante mediante el uso de datos históricos del manto de aguas subterráneas (simulación casi natural) y de abundantes datos de transmisividad de las pruebas de bombeo. En primer lugar se distribuyó la recarga calibrada en base a la litología de superficie y luego se ajustó hasta obtener una buena correlación entre las cimas calculadas y las medidas. El casi natural presupuesto en la simulación de ~165,000 m3/día consistió de 40.5 % de influjo lateral del límite del modelo de la falla SO, 34.5% de recarga neta promedio de precipitación, 13 % de infiltración del lago Mietkowskie y 12% de infiltración de los ríos. El presupuesto de los productos (output) (igual que el input)consistió de ~ 88 % de drenaje de los ríos y ~ 12 % de flujo lateral. La simulación final, influida por la abstracción, que representa la condición estacionaria actual se utilizó para verificar el modelo mediante la verificación cruzada de los conos de abstracción actuales con abstracciones de los pozos y mediante la comparación de la descarga de aguas subterráneas a los ríos con las medidas de flujo de base de terreno. En esta simulación, la abstracción total de los pozos de ~53,000 m3/d dio como resultado un incremento de 9 % en el balance de gua total de hasta ~180,000 m3/día, un incremento de 38 % infiltración de los ríos, una reducción de 24 % del drenaje a los ríos, una reducción de 17 % del eflujo lateral y un incremento de ~3 veces de filtración hacia abajo al acuífero má profundo productivo. El caso de estudio Swidnica muestra un ejemplo que analiza el impacto de las instalaciones de abstraccion de pozos sobre el decrecimiento del mato de aguas subterráneas y descargas de ríos. Sin embargo, la conclusión es que las reservas de recursos aguas renovables están disponibles todavía. También muestra que los sistemas multi-acuíferos complejos se puede modelar eficientemente y satisfactoriamente al establecer un modelo conceptual dentro del ambiente de un modelo numérico y mediante la aplicación de soluciones casi 3D.

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Resumé Un exemple méthodologique dévaluation des ressources en eau souterraine par modélisation numérique dun système aquifère multiple complexe et non-consolidé de la région de Swidnica (~627 km2) est présenté. Le système de modélisation de leau souterraine GMS (Groundwater Modeling System) est utilisé afin de développer un modèle conceptuel basé sur les données provenant de plusieurs centaines de puits, ainsi que pour caler le modèle numérique daquifère multiple. Une calibration en régime permanent a été effectuée en utilisant les données historiques du niveau naturel de la nappe phréatique (simulation quasi-naturelle) et les données de transmissivité provenant de nombreux essais de pompage. La recharge calibrée a été obtenue en utilisant dabord des valeurs spatiallement distribuées en fonction de la lithologie de surface qui ont par la suite été ajustées jusquà ce quune bonne correspondance entre les charges mesurées et simulées soit obtenue. Le bilan des intrants deau pour la simulation quasi-naturelle de ~165,000 m3/j est réparti comme suit: 40.5% provenant dentrée deau latérale le long de la limite sud-ouest du modèle qui représente une faille, 34.5% de recharge moyenne nette provenant des précipitations, 13% dinfiltration provenant du lac Mietkowskie et 12% dinfiltration provenant de rivières. Le bilan des extrants deau qui forme le même volume que les intrants est réparti entre ~88% de drainage par les rivières et ~12% découlement latéral. La simulation finale influencée par le captage qui représente les conditions actuelles a été utilisée afin de vérifier le modèle en comparant le rabattement actuel avec le captage des puits et en comparant lécoulement deau vers les rivières avec les valeurs découlement de base des rivières mesurées sur le terrain. Dans cette simulation, le total deau pompé (~53,000 m3/j) produit une augmentation de 9% dans le bilan deau total qui devient ~180,000 m3/j, une augmentation de 38% dinfiltration par les rivières, une réduction de 24% du drainage par les rivières, une réduction de 17% de lécoulement de sortie latéral et une augmentation denviron 3 fois du drainage vers le bas vers laquifère le plus productif. Létude de cas de Swidnica montre un exemple qui analyse limpact dinstallation de puits de captage sur le déclin de la nappe phréatique et sur la décharge dans les rivières, en concluant par contre, que les réserves en eau renouvelable sont toujours disponibles. Cet exemple montre également quen construisant un modèle conceptuel avec un environnement de modèle numérique et quen appliquant une solution quasi 3D, les systèmes multiaquifères complexes peuvent être bien et efficacement modélisés.

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Climatological distribution of lightning density observed by satellites in China and its circumjacent regions   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

MA Ming  TAO Shanchang  ZHU Baoyou & LU Weitao School of Earth  Space Sciences  University of Science  Technology of China  Hefei  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(2):219-229

The 0.5°×0.5°grid resolution distribution of lightning density in China and its circumjacent regions have been analyzed by using the satellite-borne OTD (Apr 1995-Mar 2000) and LIS (Dec 1997-Mar 2003) databases. It is shown that: (i) Firstly, the variability of the lightning density (LD) is particularly pronounced over the different subareas, 9 times greater over the south than the north side of Himalayas Mountains, 2.5 times greater over the eastern than the western area of China. While the maximum and minimum LD are respectively 31.4fl/km2/a (in Guangzhou region) and less than 0.2fl/km2/a (in the desert of western China). Secondly, the LD of China's continent regularly varies with latitude and distance off coast, which is consistent with annual mean precipitation in varying trend. In conclusion, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the China's three-step staircase topography and the latitude are three important factors affecting macro-scale characteristics of the LD distribution, (ii) The regional differences  相似文献   

Reporting Bias as a Result of Core Loss at Las Cruces: A Case Study     

S.?HenleyEmail author  M.?Doyle 《Natural Resources Research》2005,14(1):19-30

The most important copper minerals of the Las Cruces deposit in the pyrite belt of southern Spain are supergene enrichment zone sulphides of which chalcocite is the most significant. The deposit is overlain by 140 metres of barren marls and has been explored only by drilling. Drill cores have been split and assayed, but it became clear that there was a substantial problem related to core recovery which affects, in particular, some of the higher grade material. Much of the chalcocite is present in a friable and unconsolidated form and its progressive loss is evident visually in many core samples. The result of this loss of chalcocite is that there is a systematic downward bias on copper assays, leading directly to under-reporting of the copper resource. Studies of the assay data indicate the likely degree of under-reporting, but there is no simple way in which the reported resource estimates can validly be corrected.  相似文献   

Bayesian Discovery Process Modeling of the Lower and Middle Jurassic Play of the Halten Terrace,Offshore Norway,as Compared with the Previous Modeling     

Richard?Sinding-LarsenEmail author  Jingzhen?Xu 《Natural Resources Research》2005,14(3):235-248

A Bayesian version of the discovery process model was applied to the pre-rift Lower and Middle Jurassic play of the Halten Terrace, Mid-Norway. The Bayesian approach estimates the lognormal parameters, the discoverability parameter, and the distribution of sizes of the undiscovered fields as well as the play potential, conditioned on a discovery sequence averaging for all possible prior choices weighted by their likelihood. This approach avoids the problem of having to make arbitrary choices for the parameters. The estimates of parameters and play potential based upon the present methodology compares well with previous estimates, if the play is divided into two sub-plays representing the overpressured and normally pressured zones. These sub-plays have been estimated independently and aggregated in order to get the total undiscovered resource potential. This study estimates that the expected remaining play potential is 100 × 10⁶Sm³ o.e., about 9% of the total resources in the play. There is however a 90% chance that the remaining potential ranges from 13 to 282× 10⁶ Sm³ o.e. and a 5% possibility of exceeding this value.  相似文献   

The Application of Basement Tectonic Research to the Development of Natural Resources—Example Midcontinent North America     

Marvin?P.?CarlsonEmail author 《Natural Resources Research》2005,14(2):125-128

An understanding of an area in four dimensions is an important factor in utilizing our natural resources. The additional aspect of change through time, particularly the tectonic processes that have shaped the architecture of an area, can influence the interpretation of the origin and characterization of a resource. An example is provided of the influence that the patterns created during the formation of the continent in central North America demonstrates the continued influence of the original tectonic features and how they have persisted through time. It is this persistence and rejuvenation, that has controlled the occurrence of many of the natural resources on which we depend. Other references are provided to specific examples of the relationships between tectonics, particularly within the crystalline basement rocks, and our natural resource system.  相似文献   

郑州市地下水资源及解决供需矛盾对策     

李东海 《河南国土资源》1995,(1)

郑州市是河南省水资源最贫乏地区之一，人均水资源占有量不足全省平均数的一半，水成了制约经济发展的重要因素。本文通过对郑州市地下水资源的开发利用现状调查，及对国民经济建设保证程度分析，针对地下水和地表水资源的分布状况，结合地下水的开发利用现状及存在问题，确定解决全市供需矛盾的主要对策为：调整产业结构，加强科学管理，合理开发利用地下水，区内调剂和外流域调水等。  相似文献