Unusual intraclastic limestones in Lower Triassic carbonates and their bearing on the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

PAUL B. WIGNALL  & RICHARD J. TWITCHETT 《Sedimentology》1999,46(2):303-316

Flat pebble conglomerates were a common carbonate facies in Cambrian to Early Ordovician open marine settings, but they become extremely rare in these environments after this time. However, the Early Triassic witnessed an anachronistic reappearance of flat pebbles, together with other intraclast types, in a range of carbonate depositional settings. In south China, flat pebble conglomerates are encountered in storm-dominated, platform carbonates to deep basinal settings, while prefossilized bivalve intraclasts and flat pebbles are common in mid-ramp facies of northern Italy. The emplacement mechanisms of the intraclast-bearing beds appear to have been diverse and to have included basinal turbidity flows and storm-generated hyperconcentrated flows: true storm beds, deposited under combined flow conditions, are rare. The cause of the widespread early lithification implied by the Early Triassic intraclasts appears to have been twofold: suppression of bioturbation, allowing the preservation of thin beds, and rapid submarine lithification. Both features appear to be a response to the widespread development of benthic dysoxia/anoxia during and following the end-Permian mass extinction. This event appears to have temporarily recreated the conditions that pertained in Cambro-Ordovician shelf seas. Flat pebble conglomerates may, therefore, constitute a proxy indicator of stressed environmental conditions associated with global anoxic/dysoxic events.  相似文献   

Lagoon–tidal flat sedimentation in an epeiric sea: Proterozoic Bhander Group,Son Valley,India     

Chandan Chakraborty 《Geological Journal》2001,36(2):125-141

The Bhander Group, the uppermost stratigraphic unit of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup in Son Valley, exhibits in its upper part a 550 m thick, muddy siliciclastic succession characterized by features indicative of deposition in a wave‐affected coastal, lagoon–tidal flat environment suffering repeated submergence and emergence. The basic architecture of the deposit is alternation of centimetre‐ to decimetre‐thick sheet‐like interbeds of coarser clastics (mainly sandstone) and decimetre‐thick mudstones. The coarser interlayers are dominated by a variety of ripple‐formed laminations. The preserved ripple forms on bed‐top surfaces and their internal lamination style suggest both oscillatory and combined flows for their formation. Interference, superimposed, ladder‐back and flat‐topped ripples are also common. Synsedimentary cracks, wrinkle marks, features resembling rain prints and adhesion structures occur in profusion on bed‐top surfaces. Salt pseudomorphs are also present at the bases of beds. The mudstone intervals represent suspension settlement and show partings with interfaces characterized by synsedimentary cracks. It is inferred that the sediments were deposited on a coastal plain characterized by a peritidal (supratidal–intertidal) flat and evaporative lagoon suffering repeated submergence and emergence due to storm‐induced coastal setup and setdown in addition to tidal fluctuations. The 550 m thick coastal flat succession is surprisingly devoid of any barrier bar deposits and also lacks shoreface and shelfal strata. The large areal extent of the coastal flat succession (c. 100,000 km²) and its great thickness indicate an extremely low‐gradient epeiric basin characterized by an extensive coastal flat sheltered from the deeper marine domain. It is inferred that the Bhander coastal flat was protected from the open sea by the Bundelkhand basement arch to the north of the Vindhyan basin, instead of barrier bars. Such a setting favoured accumulation of a high proportion of terrigenous mud in the coastal plain, in contrast to many described examples from the Proterozoic. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于潮汐变化的潮滩淹没模型构建     

赵晓亮  郭鹏  辛欣  刘芳 《测绘工程》2010,19(5):11-14

潮汐的变化带来海岸线的不断演变,位于潮间带的潮滩在潮汐作用下,会产生周期性的淹没与干出。从研究潮汐变化模型与潮滩地形模型入手,对两种模型进行运算、融合,构建出基于潮汐变化的潮滩淹没模型。实验表明,此模型可以很好满足潮滩淹没三维可视化仿真的需要。  相似文献   

基于Delaunay三角网的等高线骨架提取算法     

鲁刚  王福全 《测绘工程》2010,19(6):13-16

根据等高线数据直接建立不规则三角形网络模型往往会在山顶、山底、山脊和山谷等特殊地区出现＂平三角形＂,导致模型失真。文中基于Delaunay三角网,通过对＂平三角形＂的处理,提取骨架线,并结合地形特征估计其高程值。实验证明该算法能够有效地提取各种地形骨架线,对于建立逼真的数字地面模型和进行数字地形分析具有重要应用价值。  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):575-590

The sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression was established based on detailed sequence stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis by utilizing the logging and core data of six wells drilled in the eastern tectonic unit of Zhoukou Depression. It was divided into three third-order sequences, namely SQs1, SQs2, and SQs3 from bottom to top. Each sequence can be divided into a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST). Furthermore, four sequence boundaries and three maximum flooding surfaces were identified, and they are the bottom interface SBs and maximum flooding surface mfss1 of SQs1, the bottom interface SBs1 and maximum flooding surface mfss2 of SQs2, the bottom interface SBs3 and maximum flooding surface mfss3 of SQs3, and the top interface SBx from bottom to top. Carbonate tidal flat –clastic tidal flat sedimentary system developed in Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression (also referred to as the study area) under the control of regression. Meanwhile, four sedimentary microfacies were identified in the sedimentary system, which are lime-mud flats, sand flats, mixed flats, and mud flats. The transgression in the study area occurred from the southeast to the northwest. Therefore, the northwestern part is the seaward side, and the southeastern part is the landward side. As revealed by relevant drilling data, SQs1 of the Shanxi Formation is characterized by the development of limestone and carbonaceous mudstone, with limestone, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone mainly developing. Meanwhile, lime-mud flats were mainly deposited in it. During the periods of SQs2 and SQs3, the sedimentary environment of the study area changed from the carbonate tidal flats to clastic tidal flats as the coastline migrated towards the sea. In these periods, sand flats mainly developed near the maximum flooding surfaces and were relatively continuous in the eastern and southern parts of the transgressive system tract; mixed flats were relatively continuous in the western and northern parts of the transgressive system tract as well as the eastern and southern parts of the highstand system tract; mud flats widely developed in the highstand system tract. Peat flats mainly developed in the period of HSTs2, with coal seams relatively developing in the southeastern part of the study area as revealed by drilling data. The peat flats in SQs2 are favorable hydrocarbon source layers, the lime-mud flats in SQs1 and sand flats formed in the transgression periods of SQs2 and SQs3 constitute favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the mud flats form in the transgressions periods serve as favorable cap rocks. Therefore, the study area features a reservoir-cap assemblage for self-generating and self-storing of hydrocarbon, and the southeastern part of the study area can be taken as a favorable exploration area.  相似文献   

崇明东滩沉积物磷的分布特征及环境意义     

刘清玉 《上海国土资源》2005,(2):4-7

对崇明东滩采集的表层样和柱状样品,进行样品的总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)和有机磷(OP)以及有机质含量等的测定,分析了磷的分布变化特征并对其影响因素和环境意义进行了探讨。  相似文献   

江苏中部淤泥质海岸岸线变化遥感监测研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈玮彤  张东  施顺杰  周静  康敏 《海洋学报》2017,39(5):138-148

海岸线监测是了解海岸冲淤变化的基础。针对淤泥质海岸潮间带坡度平缓的特点,考虑到潮汐对遥感海岸线监测的影响,基于多潮位站插值校正的水边线离散点潮位赋值及坡度计算对水边线方法进行了改进,并结合潮间带实测坡度资料校正,推算遥感海岸线。选择江苏中部冲淤变化频繁、自然岸线保有率较高的扁担河口至川东港岸段开展海岸线变迁遥感监测研究。结果表明,研究区坡度主要在0.001~0.002之间,潮间带宽度由北向南越来越宽。北部扁担河口至射阳河口岸段处于冲刷环境中,大量以养殖塘围堤为主的人工岸线不断被侵蚀后退;射阳河口至四卯酉河口岸段以海岸线在自然状态下的动态变化为主,2010-2015年平均冲淤速率小于10 m/a,变化幅度较小;南部四卯酉河口至川东港岸段,自然岸线淤长明显,同时人工围垦导致岸线不断向海推进。根据监测结果,认为新洋港至斗龙港岸段应为研究区由北部侵蚀转向南部淤长的过渡带。  相似文献   

基于小波变换和数学形态学的潮沟提取方法研究     

和思海  韩震  朱言江  胡旭冉  丁如一 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):123-129

潮沟是潮滩的主要地貌类型之一,潮沟信息的检测对湿地生态环境的监测和保护有着重要意义。本文以长江口九段沙下沙北部发育比较复杂的潮沟为研究对象,使用2016年1月26日Landsat8全色波段数据,采用了一种融合小波变换、最大类间方差法和数学形态学的方法对潮沟边缘信息进行了检测。小波变换中通过减小高层小波系数,达到弱化潮滩灰度变化的目的;通过增大低层小波系数,达到增强潮沟信息的目的;利用数学形态学和图像之间的几何(加减乘)运算,完成潮沟的提取;最后,分别在原始数据和检测结果相应的位置取样进行精度验证,样方潮沟面积一致性精度平均为92.1%。  相似文献   

江苏海岸带盐沼潮滩在小尺度下的沉积变化过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张云峰  张振克  何华春  陈影影  蒋松柳  任航 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):80-86

在小尺度范围内,潮滩沉积的研究一般都是基于几个站位或断面进行短时日的调查和监测来获取数据,或多或少地存在数据的连续性不足等问题。基于此,本文在潮滩地貌典型的江苏平原海岸选取了约160 000 m²的盐沼潮滩作为研究对象,在多年的野外连续观测下,分析了人类围垦活动对盐沼潮滩沉积过程及变化的影响。结果表明：人类围垦活动（如堤坝建设等）对潮滩沉积和盐沼植被覆盖的变化有重要影响。围垦堤坝修建之前,研究区向陆一侧为盐沼植物（现为养殖池）,向海一侧为光滩,岸线形态比较平直。在2006年围垦堤坝修建后,研究区变为“凹岸”型的人工岸线,沉积环境变得更有利于泥沙的淤积。根据2007-2012年对滩面高程的野外观测,在风暴潮的影响下,潮滩最大淤积率高达23 cm/a。盐沼植被在泥沙快速淤积的基础上不断发育生长,盐沼植物覆盖面积不断扩张。同时外部的沙嘴也在不断增长,潮汐风浪侵蚀携带沙嘴外部泥沙进入盐沼滩地,盐沼植物在泥沙的覆盖下,出现萎缩退化,覆盖面积减少,但是对潮滩上的泥沙而言还是不断堆积增厚。柱状样岩芯的粒度垂向剖面特征也记录了盐沼潮滩沉积环境的变化。小尺度下盐沼潮滩沉积表现出的阶段性变化规律,揭示出合理的围垦活动有利于堤坝前的潮滩淤积和盐沼植被的扩张。  相似文献   

长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境指示意义     

谢丽  张振克  何华春  唐盟  任航  蒋松柳 《地理研究》2015,34(6):1053-1065

圆陀角地处长江北支与江苏海岸的交汇处,发育了典型的粉砂淤泥质潮滩,潮滩沉积物元素可记录海岸环境变化的信息。在圆陀角附近潮滩采集了长度为218 cm的YY孔岩芯,常量与微量元素分析结果显示,岩芯沉积物平均粒径与大多数元素之间相关性好,“粒控效应”特征明显。除Ca、Na、Ti、P、Sr外,岩芯大部分元素含量自下向上呈现由低变高再变低的趋势,并在岩芯132 cm深度出现最大值。根据圆陀角附近海岸沙嘴长江北支变迁的证据,苏北岸外海域是长江北支的重要泥沙来源;粒度和粘土校正后的元素含量呈自下而上由低变高的趋势。邻近区域沉积物元素富集系数分析显示,在1956年前后,圆陀角附近潮滩沉积物发生了较大的变化,1956年以前的主要来源于长江,1956年以后演变为主要来源于南黄海辐射沙洲南翼。  相似文献