Geochemisty and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Glenrock Station area,N.S.W.     

R. Offler 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):443-455

In the Upper Murray Valley, Victoria, Late Silurian, high‐Si igneous rocks, which are closely associated with alkalic, basaltic dykes, were emplaced at high crustal levels following the peak of the Benambran Orogeny, which deformed and metamorphosed the Wagga Zone in Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian times. These rocks, which are informally termed ‘the Upper Murray high‐Si magmatic suite’, include leucogranites, rhyolite dykes and flows, and ash‐flow tuffs characterised by the following features. They are transitional from mildly peraluminous to mildly metaluminous; they represent relatively anhydrous magmas, in which halides were important volatile constituents; they have high Si, total alkalies, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Sn and heavy rare earth elements; and they are relatively repleted in Mg, Ca, Sr, Eu, V, Cr and Ni. In these respects and in their post‐orogenic setting and close association with alkalic basalts, they resemble many post‐orogenic granitoids from elsewhere. Such granitoids appear to have formed as partial melts during crustal extension following major episodes of deformation and high‐Si magmatism. A residual granulitic crust, from which an earlier generation of granitoid magmas had been extracted, is argued to be the source rock‐type for these post‐orogenic magmas. Tectonic extension, affecting such a crust, was accompanied by deep fracturing and basaltic vol‐canism. Mantle‐derived, CO₂‐ and halide‐rich fluids moved into the residual crust, causing widespread metasomatism, and emplacement of basaltic magma caused temperatures to rise until melting took place and a second group of magmas was produced. This model explains most aspects of the trace and major element chemistry of post‐orogenic, high‐Si igneous rocks and, for the Upper Murray high‐Si suite it also provides an explanation for variations in trace elements and isotopic characteristics. Other processes, such as crystal fractionation, magma mixing, thermogravi‐tational diffusion, and separation and loss of a volatile phase, provide explanations for variations within individual units of the suite, but they do not explain overall variations or the highly fractionated nature of the suite.  相似文献   

突变学理论在桃园矿10煤底板突水预测中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

程艳琴  王连国  张连福  吴宇 《煤田地质与勘探》2007,35(1):45-48

10煤是桃园煤矿三大主采煤层之一。距离其较近的太灰含水层,是10煤开采的直接充水含水层。在该含水层外围,以奥陶系为主的隐伏型碳酸盐类裂隙岩溶含水岩组,是其强大的补给来源,这对矿井安全威胁较大。采用突变学方法建立了煤层底板突水预测模型,对桃园煤矿10煤1026-2、1041-2和1031工作面底板突水的可能性进行了预测,为桃园煤矿底板突水防治提供了理论依据。   相似文献   

区域性森林大火的真正成因   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杜乐天  王驹  陈国梁  刘正义  强祖基 《地学前缘》2006,13(2):224-227

森林大火真正起因于地球排气中易燃还原性气体在腐殖层的临界积聚(气体体积分数大约为5%~6%)。现场气体(H2,CO)系统测量结果证实了这一点。测量结果显示,该林区腐殖层中H2、CO质量分数分别为(10~170)×10-6(本底值为0·5×10-6)和(2~60)×10-6(本底值为0·5×10-6),二者均远高于大气本底值数十到数百倍,而且未燃区的测值显然高于1998年燃区。  相似文献   

考虑土-结构相互作用和岩土参数不确定性的核电厂结构地震响应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李忠献  李忠诚  梁万顺 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(2):143-148

针对核电厂结构,在考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)的情况下进行随机地震反应分析,探讨地基岩土参数的不确定性对反应堆厂房楼层反应谱(FRS)的影响。运用ANSYS软件模块建立核电厂(NPP)结构有限元模型,通过设置边界弹簧单元和阻尼装置来考虑SSI效应;并且通过设置具有概率意义的弹簧刚度和阻尼系数,来模拟土特性参数的不确定性。随机响应分析与确定性分析的结果对比,揭示了岩性地基条件下SSI效应对核电厂FRS的影响以及地基岩土参数不确定性对FRS的影响程度。研究表明,在岩性地基条件下,亦不应忽略SSI效应;考虑SSI效应的随机分析模型同确定性模型相比,二者的分析结果较为接近,两方法都可用于NPP的FRS敏感性分析评估之中,并可进行相互比照。  相似文献   

煤层底板水害防治智能决策支持系统框架构建     

靳德武  李鹏 《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(1):161-169

煤层底板突水是华北型煤田煤矿生产过程中一种常见的水害类型,为解决水害防治工程的科学决策问题,进一步提高防治水工程的可靠性,提出构建智能决策支持系统的技术思路。智能决策支持系统是传统决策支持系统与人工智能技术相互融合的产物,在分析底板水害防治决策支持功能需求的基础上,提出“数据-模型-方案”一体化设计流程,从数据导入、模型驱动、智能决策等3个层次构建底板水害防治智能决策支持系统的基本框架。将模型驱动层进一步细分为方法库、模型库、知识图谱构建3项专业化服务,模型库包括底板突水空间点预测模型、疏水降压数值模拟模型、注浆改造工程可靠性分析模型、隔离工程设计模型及底板水害监测预警模型。系统最终输出的决策方案包括底板突水危险性分区、疏水降压Q-t-s方案、区域注浆改造设计及工程可靠性评价、隔离工程设计、底板突水监测预警警情发布。系统通过注浆过程的反馈-控制、突水监测预警的深度学习、疏水降压方案的动态优化等实现其智能决策。智能决策支持系统将会在煤层底板水害防治可靠性保障方面提供新的技术支撑。   相似文献   

Controls on Holocene deep‐water sedimentation in the northern Gioia Basin,Tyrrhenian Sea     

FABIANO GAMBERI  MICHAEL MARANI 《Sedimentology》2008,55(6):1889-1903

The northern Gioia Basin of the south‐east Tyrrhenian Sea is a slope basin, ～ 20 km wide and ～ 50 km long, with a bathymetry of ≤ 1300 m, bounded by the Calabro‐Sicilian landmass and the Aeolian Island Arc. Coarse sediment is supplied from the Calabrian margin, where the shelf is very narrow to non‐existent, whereas the wider shelf on the Sicilian margin prevents supply by storing river‐fed sediments. The basin is dominated by the Gioia–Mesima canyon/channel system paralleled by a tongue‐shaped depositional lobe. Multibeam bathymetric surveys, sea floor reflectivity data and airgun seismic profiles reveal the recent evolution of the submarine system. Slope canyons and basin‐floor levéed channels formed where major rivers built deltas at the shelfless Calabrian margin and strong hyperpycnal flows predominated. The channels are a few hundred metres wide and a few tens of metres deep, with a downslope change from a straight to meandering pattern where the slope gradient decreases from 3·2% to 1·7%. The Mesima Channel has its lower segment abandoned because of avulsion and crevasse‐splay formation at an upslope bend. The adjacent Gioia Channel has had its upper segment straightened and lower segment entrenched because of erosional deepening of the Stromboli Valley into which it debouches and which acts as the local base level. Overbank features include levées, coalescent splays and ‘yazoo’ channels; their nature and surface characteristics depend upon the magnitude and sediment grain‐size of spill‐over flows. On an adjoining narrow shelf sliver of the Calabrian margin, in contrast, the coalescing plumes of sediment suspension supplied by an array of smaller coastal streams were apparently spilling over the shelf edge, scouring a funnel‐shaped bypass depression with chutes and forming an elongate, non‐channellized depositional lobe at the slope base. The study demonstrates the impact of sediment source type, shelf width, basin‐floor gradient and base‐level change on the style of deep‐water sedimentation.  相似文献   

中国海与现代科学技术   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

刘光鼎 《地球物理学进展》1997,12(4):1-26

中国既是一个大陆国家又是一个海洋国家，约３００万平方公里的海域与６５００多个岛屿如同陆地资源一样为中国人民提供了舟辑之便与渔盐之利，还蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。  相似文献   

底板突水的数值计算方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王成绪 《煤田地质与勘探》1997,(Z1)

应用数值计算方法，分析了采动对底板隔水层岩体上都和下部的影响与破坏，对底板突水机理提出了一些规律性的认识。  相似文献   

井下单极——偶极直流电透视原理及解释方法   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

韩德品  卜昌森 《煤田地质与勘探》1997,25(5):32-35

简要了采煤工作单极－偶极直流电透视原理和解释方法。正演结果表明，垂直，平行有－－偶极两种方法均能有效突出工作面顶、底板围围的影响，而压制煤层的影响，为大水煤矿有的放矢地探测工作面顶、底板内的含水、导水构造提供了一种新方法。  相似文献   

用物理相似模拟技术研究煤层底板突水机理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨映涛  李抗抗 《煤田地质与勘探》1997,(Z1)

介绍了利用物理相似模拟技术研究煤层底板突水机理的方法,实验表明完整底板破坏究水是沿“零位破坏”线发生的,底板断层交水与断层性质及采空区大小有着密切关系,并揭示了断层突水的机理,这说明用相似模拟技术研究底板究水机理有着重要价值。  相似文献