我国"蓝色粮仓"关联产业发展现状、问题及对策分析          下载免费PDF全文

翟璐  刘康  韩立民 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(1):91-97

"蓝色粮仓"是包含海产品生产、加工及海洋水产资源环境养护等众多关联产业的集合体,是保障我国粮食和营养安全、推进海洋强国战略和国家生态文明建设的重大举措。然而,"蓝色粮仓"关联产业粗放式的发展模式给近海渔业资源及生态环境造成了不同程度的损害,制约了我国"蓝色粮仓"的可持续发展。文章系统地分析了我国"蓝色粮仓"关联产业的发展现状与存在资源衰退状况严重、近海捕捞难以维持、养殖环境问题突出、水产品安全问题凸显等问题,并提出了控制近海捕捞产量,推进捕捞业转型升级、优化海水养殖模式,提高生态和经济效益、加强水产品精深加工,提高产业价值链、加强渔业资源保育工作、完善各项保障措施等对策,以求为我国"蓝色粮仓"建设决策提供参考依据。  相似文献   

南方水稻复种指数变化对国家粮食产能的影响及其政策启示   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

蒋敏  李秀彬  辛良杰  谈明洪 《地理学报》2019,74(1):32-43

中国南方地区水稻生产的变化对国家粮食安全具有重要影响。本文利用Landsat数据提取1990-2015年南方地区水稻种植制度分布及变化,并分析其对粮食产能的影响。结果表明：① 1990-2015年,水稻复种指数从148.3%下降到129.3%,双季稻改种单季稻（“双改单”）损失的播种面积为253.16万hm²,区域上以长江中下游地区变化最为突出。南方地区水稻种植制度整体呈现由北向南“双退单进”的变化格局;② 1990-2015年,“双改单”导致全国水稻产量减少6.1%,粮食产量减少2.6%。水稻主产区湖南省和江西省以及经济发展较好的浙江省因“双改单”水稻减产幅度较大,均超过13%;③ 充分利用“双改单”稻田的粮食产能相当于新增耕地223.3万hm²,为2001-2015年通过土地整治项目新增耕地总量的54%,是2016-2020年全国新增耕地规划目标的1.7倍,可节省约1674.4亿元新增耕地开垦费用。因此,与其追求低质量的“新”耕地,不如充分利用已有的高质量“旧”耕地,政府应转变耕地占补平衡的考核方式,将因提高复种指数增加的播种面积纳入补充指标。  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦食物消费模式及影响因素分析（英文）     

梁一行  甄霖  胡云锋  闫慧敏  张昌顺 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(1):121-127

人类对生态系统的过度利用使得维持生态系统服务功能和食物消费需求间的矛盾日益突出。哈萨克斯坦作为全球生态问题最突出的国家之一,人地、草畜矛盾非常严峻。因此,探究哈萨克斯坦食物消费模式及影响因素,进而提高食物消费可持续性、维持生态系统服务功能显得尤为重要。本文以2012年、2016年哈萨克斯坦食物消费数据为基础,通过对消费模式的划分及其变化分析,得到了以下主要结论:受消费习惯、食物供给和社会经济发展影响,哈萨克斯坦存在三种食物消费模式,分别为以奶、谷物消费为主的模式,以奶、谷物和肉类为主的模式,以奶、谷物、肉类、蔬果消费为主的模式,三种消费模式特征差异明显,分别分布在哈萨克斯坦的北、中、南地区;值得注意的是,哈萨克斯坦的食物消费有向以奶、谷物和肉类为主的模式变化的趋势。面对不同的食7品消费模式及其变化趋势,政府可通过转变食物生产观念、加大国内外区域间交流合作来增加当地居民的福祉。  相似文献   

A Study of Food Waste in the Catering Industry in Beijing     

CAO Xiaochang  LIU Xiaojie  CHENG Shengkui  LIU Yao  ZHANG Panpan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(6):562-569

Currently, the topic of food waste and its environmental impacts is attracting increasing attention among academic researchers. Based on an investigation of restaurants in Beijing, this study analyzes the quantities, structures, characteristics and costs of the agricultural resources related to food waste in the catering industry in Beijing. The results show that: (1) The average food waste per capita per meal is about 75.02 g (raw) for food away from home among Beijing urban residents, which means that about 10.52% of the food is wasted. (2) According to the quantitative ranking of different categories of food waste, vegetable is the most wasted, followed by meat, aquatic products, and grains. The foods in the other categories are wasted much less. (3) Food waste is affected by the restaurant type, as well as the number, gender, age, education level, and consumption motivation of the consumers. (4) Based on the estimated food waste per capita, about 417.92 thousand tons of food is wasted annually at the consumption stage in the catering industry in Beijing. This food waste amount is equivalent to approximately 765.53 tons of cereals which are wasted, and this represents 79.66% of cereals production and 13.15% of cereals consumption in Beijing. Estimated by the required land use, this amount of food waste means that the total production of approximately 166.12 thousand ha of arable land is being wasted in Beijing.  相似文献   

Food partitioning of leaf-eating mangrove crabs (Sesarminae): Experimental and stable isotope (C and N) evidence     

Ditte K. Kristensen  Erik Kristensen  Perrine Mangion 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The feasibility of mangrove leaves as a full diet for sesarmid crabs has been questioned for decades. Since these leaves are nitrogen-poor, sesarmids probably obtain nitrogen from other sources to sustain growth. The aim of this study was to assess the food partitioning of the sesarmid species Neoepisesarma versicolor with emphasis on nitrogen allocation. The preference for animal tissue when crabs were pre-fed diets of different nitrogen content was determined in the laboratory. Furthermore, the possible in situ diet composition of N. versicolor was established from carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signature (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of freshly caught individuals and their potential food sources, using a concentration-dependent mixing model. N. versicolor showed significantly higher feeding preferences for fish meat when pre-fed leaf material without than with access to meat, indicating that this crab species can meet its nitrogen demand by ingesting animal tissue. The stable isotope mixing model based on in situ materials suggests that the diet of N. versicolor consists of ∼60% leaves in terms of biomass, leaving ∼40% for other sources such as animal tissue and benthic microorganisms. The biomass contribution from animal tissues, in form of e.g. other crustaceans and fish carcasses, was found to account for ∼15%. Despite the relative low biomass fraction, animal food sources may contribute with up to half of the nitrogen in the diet of N. versicolor. The quantity of ingested sediment most likely exceeds that of animal tissues. However, due to the low concentration of assimilable microalgae and other microorganism, we propose that sediment associated sources are less important as a nitrogen source for N. versicolor than hitherto presumed.  相似文献   

太湖秀丽白虾生物学与食性的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

施炜钢  严小梅  邴旭文 《湖泊科学》1995,7(1):69-76

对太湖秀丽白虾怀卵亲体进行培养,两次共获苗1．35万余尾,在实验室内成功地实成了是苗至亲体一个生命周期的饲养,同期结合对太湖白虾的定期采样测定,分析描述了太湖白虾的生产与繁残规律,并对其食性进行了定性与定量的研究分析。  相似文献   

稳定同位素分析应用于海草生态学研究的进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄道建  黄小平 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(1):123-129

在海草生态学研究中,稳定同位素分析方法能有效地揭示海草床中食物网的构建和能量流动以及海草床的环境质量状况。综述了国外近20 a来将稳定同位素分析应用于海草生态研究的理论基础与进展,并对稳定同位素数据分析、稳定同位素分析在海草污染生态学研究的应用和利用海草δ15N值构建近岸海域水体富营养化指标体系等方面提出了展望。  相似文献   

Seasonal Patterns of Vertical Distribution between Meiofaunal Groups in Relation to Phytodetritus Deposition in the Bathyal Sagami Bay, Central Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Motohiro Shimanaga  Hiroshi Kitazato  Yoshihisa Shirayama 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(4):379-387

Temporal changes in the vertical distribution of metazoan meiofaunal groups were examined at a bathyal site (depth 1450 m) in Sagami Bay from December 1996 to August 1998. Among major meiofaunal groups, the vertical distributions of copepods (adults and copepodites), and kinorhynchs changed seasonally and they concentrated in the shallower part in the sediment profile when CPE concentrations were higher. Seasonal changes in the vertical distributions of ovigerous females and nauplii of copepods were not related to CPE concentrations, but related to that of total copepods. On the other hand, nematodes, ostracods, and polychaetes did not show seasonal migrations. These results suggest that there is a difference in the response to the sedimentation of organic matter between metazoan meiofaunal taxa.  相似文献   

耕地与粮食安全战略:藏粮于土,提高中国土地资源的综合生产能力   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

封志明  李香莲 《地理与地理信息科学》2000,16(3):1-5

耕地资源的数量和质量是粮食生产的基本保证 ,耕地资源安全是中国粮食安全的关键。我国耕地安全的基本态势是 :人均耕地不足、后备资源有限、地域分布失衡。世界粮食态势同样不容乐观 ,中国粮食问题全球瞩目。要保证我国耕地与粮食安全 ,从根本上解决“藏粮于库”问题 ,有必要实施“藏粮于土”计划 ,全面提高中国土地资源的综合生产力。其主要战略内容是 :切实保护耕地 ,建立国家级耕地保护区 ;实施土地整理 ,提高土地资源利用率 ;建设基本农田 ,提高土地资源生产效率 ;建立小区平衡机制 ,提高农业资源区域配置效率 ;立足全部国土 ,挖掘非耕地食物资源生产潜力。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability in feeding and condition of age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in frontal regions of the Bering Sea     

Brodeur  Richard D.; Wilson  Matthew T.; Ciannelli  Lorenzo 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(2):256-264

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