Non-food-chain transfer of sediment-associated persistent organic pollutants to a marine benthic fish     

Takeo Sakurai  Jun Kobayashi  Yoshitaka Imaizumi  Noriyuki Suzuki 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(7):1072-1077

We investigated the transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from unspiked bottom sediment to a benthic marine fish, marbled sole (Pleuronectes yokohamae), via non-food-chain pathways, i.e., via sediment particles and water column. One-year-old sole were held for 28 days in an exposure tank with bottom sediment or in a control tank. o,p′-DDE and tri- to penta-chlorobiphenyls were transferred from the sediment to the fish via non-food-chain pathways, as demonstrated by concentrations in the exposed fish at 2.5-30 times the control levels. A model analysis based on first-order kinetic equations indicated that the overall rate constant of transfer of these compounds from sediment to fish was generally lower than that from food (median of ratio, 0.48). It also suggested that relatively high concentrations of the other POPs in the food and the longer times necessary for them to reach a steady state masked any transfer of them from the sediment.  相似文献   

影响东寨港红树林中光背团水虱分布的生态因子研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邱勇  李俊  黄勃  胡吟胜  李洋  吴国明  段泽林 《海洋科学》2013,37(4):21-25

作者于2012年6月对东寨港红树林保护区中光背团水虱(Sphraeroma retrolaevis)虫害区域的水质因子和光背团水虱的分布情况进行了调查研究。结果表明: 光背团水虱的水平分布与水温、盐度、pH值、COD值、OD值没有直接关系; 调查区内影响团水虱水平分布的主要水质因子是:总氮质量浓度为0.356～0.605 mg/L,总磷质量浓度为0.050～0.054 mg/L,浮游生物量为1.23～1.82 mg/L;网纹藤壶的生长与光背团水虱在垂直分布有直接关系,光背团水虱距离网纹藤壶越远,光背团水虱洞穴数量越少,其关系函数为y=6.15x²–9.17x+16.45,R²=0.9879。  相似文献   

Impact of seawater temperature on growth and recruitment of invasive fouling species at the global scale          下载免费PDF全文

Joshua P. Lord 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

Epibenthic fouling communities are dominated by invasive species that are globally distributed and can have substantial ecological and economic impacts in coastal habitats. Little is known about inter‐specific differences in life history strategies that cosmopolitan invasive species employ to acquire space and succeed in invaded habitats. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of seawater temperature on recruitment and growth of several cosmopolitan fouling species including the tunicates Botrylloides violaceus, Botryllus schlosseri and Diplosoma listerianum, as well as the bryozoans Bugula neritina and Watersipora subtorquata. To do this, the iBARGE (Invasive Bryozoan and Ascidian Recruitment and Growth Experiment) program was developed, utilizing a global network of collaborators to examine patterns over a broad geographic scale and a wide range of naturally varying seawater temperatures. This project produced a data set of thousands of photographs from 18 marinas in five countries in summer 2014 and 2015, allowing for recruitment and growth to be tabulated at a variety of temperatures. Thermal growth curves were established for five invasive species, and growth was compared among temperatures across sites, revealing a significant thermal effect. Recruitment was linked to temperature, with generally higher recruitment at warmer seawater temperatures and the highest peak recruitment values for the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Temperature also changed the relative importance of growth and recruitment for several species. These results paint a complex picture of the interactions among invasive fouling species as they relate to seawater temperature.  相似文献   

The analysis and forecast for fouling in water pipelines in Daqing oilfield     

Xiaoyan LIU Qianya ZHU Jinlai FENG Gang QI Baosen ZHANG Yingli LI Jingxin SUN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-161

In order to maintain the reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery efficiency, water flood recovery is used commonly in the middle and last periods of oilfield exploitation. At the same time, in order to avoid environmental pollution, the oilfield sewage should be reinjected. During that manufacture, variations in the conditions of pressure, temperature and unstability and incompatibility of thermodynamics make scale formation in water flood assize, casing, bottom of the wells, surface equipments and gathering lines. Taking the Daqing oil field for example, in which the surface gathering lines the scale forming is comparatively serious. In order to improve crude oil processing effect to warm up wet oil, this measure results in scale formation constant in pipelines and equipments, so inner diameter becomes less, leading to back pressure ascent in pipelines, the loss of efficiency of processing equipment, these all have a strong impact on normal activities in oilfield, increase the frequency of maintenance repairs and replacements for pipelines and equipments, and reduce the completion benefit. So forecasting the scaling tendency of surface gathering pipelines, and judging the degree of the scaling tendency or possibility, preventing and controlling scaling effectively is not a negligible research topic in petroleum production technology and oil-gas-water treatment technology. This paper introduces the fouling process, fouling mechanism and the influence factors of the scale, mainly analyses the formation mechanism of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, and some factors, such as temperature, pressure, salinity and some thermodynamics conditions. All these factors lead to changes in ionic equilibrium condition, so they will influence the fouling. This paper analyses the main kinds of scale in the gathered transportation water pipeline in the forth plant in the Daqing Oilfield, adopts the method of saturation exponent and energetic solubility to forecast the trend of fouling, reduces the calcium carbonate showing scaling tendency, calcium sulfate having the possibility of scaling.  相似文献   

生物矿物：研究现状与展望     

李忠 《地球科学进展》1993,8(4):49-53

生物矿物是生物成矿作用研究的基础内容。本文总结了生物矿物领域的研究现状,重点评述了生物控制、生物诱导和有机质(分子)与生物矿物形成的相关性以及生物矿物所可能具有的鉴别特征。生物矿物研究是地球科学的前沿课题,无论在思路和方法上都有待突破。  相似文献   

峡东宜昌黄花场下奥陶统生物礁的研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

朱忠德 《地质科学》1993,28(1):1-9

首次发现峡东下奥陶统生物礁。造礁生物为攀苔藓虫、托盘藻、古钵海绵、蓝细菌和Pulchrilamina等。按造礁生物形成的格架类型有:粘结粒泥岩,藻粘结岩,攀苔藓虫障积岩,粘结障积岩等4种礁岩微相。这些微相在礁核中有、无和分布差异形成了灰泥岩隆礁,藻岩隆礁,攀苔藓虫障积岩隆礁和藻粘结-古钵海绵障积岩隆礁。各类礁都经历了奠基、发育、衰亡3个阶段。这一演化过程反映了沉积环境和水能量强度对礁发育的制约作用。  相似文献   

铀的水文地球化学循环与生物地球化学循环   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

史维浚 《华东地质学院学报》1989,12(2):79-86

  相似文献   

黄陵背斜周缘早古生代有机壳化石的光学特性与有机质成熟度     

陈善庆 《地球学报》1995,16(2):211-226

本文主要研究扬子地台西部黄陵背斜周缘早古生代有机壳化石的特征、光学特性和有机质成熟度规律，同时较为详细地研究了有机壳化石反射率随热成熟度变化特点与镜质组反射率之间的关系。提出该区以有机壳化石反射率为主要指标的有机质成熟度划分方案。认为笔石、几丁虫和虫牙等有机壳化石在形态、结构和构造上具有各自的特征，并具有突起、反射色、显微结构构造、非均性、异向光性、反射率和双反射现象等光学特征。有机壳化石反射率与  相似文献   

人体中的矿物   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

秦善  鲁安怀  王长秋 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):32

人体矿物及其健康效应是生物矿化作用中的一个极具活力的研究领域。本文首先介绍了与生物矿物和生物矿化作用相关的一些基本概念,并对生物矿物的特点和种属进行了厘定,明确了它们在矿物分类中的位置。在此基础上,对人体内的生物矿物及其产出位置进行了总结,并着重评述了一些重要的人体矿物的特征及其生理性或病理性效应。  相似文献   

面向高质量发展的中国城市体检方法体系探讨   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

张文忠  何炬  谌丽 《地理科学》2021,41(1):1-12

改革开放40 a来,中国的城市规划、建设和管理水平发生了质的改变,但快速城镇化所引发的城市问题日益突出。城市体检概念应运而生,并逐渐从国家战略落实到城市高质量发展的具体实践中。在梳理和解析城市体检背景及其作用的基础上,详细阐述城市体检指标设计的逻辑框架,梳理城市体检各指标间的关系,辨析不同尺度间城市体检的异同,提出中国城市体检的方法,旨在对中国城市体检提供理论依据。  相似文献