近交对蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum) 橙色家系生长及存活的影响     

梁健  闫喜武  霍忠明  赵力强  吴云霞  杨凤 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(3):717-721

以蛤仔橙色全同胞家系为材料,采用建立近交组和设置对照组的方法,进行了近交对橙色家系的生长和存活性状影响的研究。结果表明:在整个实验期间,橙色家系壳长生长都慢于对照组,除60日龄外,其它各日龄二者壳长差异显著(P<0.05);橙色家系存活率高于对照组,除360日龄外,其它各日龄二者存活率均差异显著(P<0.05)。橙色家系生长的近交衰退率范围为5.38%—26.57%,平均值为15.48%±6.44%,但存活性状在各日龄没有出现近交衰退。在330日龄时,对橙色家系的形态学性状进行正态分布检验,结果表明:近交使橙色家系内出现小型化个体。本研究为通过建立家系选育蛤仔橙色新品系的育种方法奠定了一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

Cockroach as the Earliest Eusocial Animal   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Peter VR?ANSKY 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(4):793-808

<正>A completely preserved cockroach Sociala perlucida gen.et sp.nov.(Blattida:Socialidae fam.nov.)is described from the Mesozoic(Albian Early Cretaceous)amber of Archingeay in France.It is categorized within the new family Socialidae,originating from the Mesozoic cockroach family Liberiblattinidae,and representing the sister group to the most basal known eutermite families.Numerous direct and indirect morphological evidence(such as a unique narrow body and pronotum with reduced coloration,legs without carination and with numerous sensillar pitts(forelegs)as adaptations to life in nests analogical to the living termitophillous species; enlarged head,long palps for communication,a general venation modified in a direction towards termites (subcosta and radial vein[R]approximated,R branches approximated,simplified,cross-veins reduced),and possibly also the development of the breaking forewing sutura for detaching wings after marriage flight),suggest its eusocial mode of life.Thus,the first eusociality originated within cockroaches,prior to giving birth to termites; termites and Cryptocercus are not directly related.The group of eusocial cockroaches makes termite morphotaxon polyphyletic,but also in this case,the erection of a new order for mastotermites(including Cratomastotermitidae)and/or the inclusion of eusocial,morphological cockroaches within termites appears counterproductive,thus an example of such a general exception to the taxonomical procedure is provided.  相似文献   

Young Age for the Veritas Asteroid Family Confirmed?     

Knežević  Z.  Pavlović  R. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2000,88(3):155-166

We present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of Veritas family members located in a chaotic strip centeredat 3.174 AU. A total of 600 chaotic members of the family and their clones were integrated for 100 Myr, and the variation of the distance with respect to the barycenter of the family have been computed forall of them. A simple classification of the prevailing behaviors hasbeen introduced to help identify typical dynamical patterns and states that could affect an estimate of the upper bound to the age of the family. We pointed out the importance of the temporary captures in thequasi-stable states, which occur often enough to affect the statistical analysis of the exits. The results are compatible with the young age (<100 Myr) for the family of Veritas, but we cannot say precisely how young it really is. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A Waveform Similarity Approach to Investigate Seismicity Patterns     

M. Cattaneo  P. Augliera  D. Spallarossa  V. Lanza 《Natural Hazards》1999,19(2-3):123-138

the temporal and spatial evolution of seismicity, a simple cross-correlation technique was applied to a waveform data set of western Alps earthquakes. A selection of events recorded by a reference station of the regional seismic network of North-Western Italy (IGG network) within a particular S-P range was used. The adopted method was tested on 380 events recorded in 1995, allowing for the definition of the critical parameters for an optimal identification of earthquake families.The comparison of the individuated families definition with the relevant epicentres map confirms that, on small scales, the epicentre positions of microearthquakes located by a regional network could be strongly influenced by location errors. The analysis was extended to a more complete data set of 2653 events; 1171 of them were grouped in families. The results demonstrated that our single station method is able to discriminate between closely spaced families on the basis of the position and of the radiation properties.  相似文献   

苏北桃林岩基与苏胶造山带燕山期隆升机制的探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

樊金涛  潘明宝 《江苏地质》1999,23(2):65-70

苏北桃林岩基主要单元角闪石、黑云母的矿物化学研究揭示,苏胶造山带在印支期陆内双向对冲碰撞造山后,于燕山期末Ａ型花岗岩体侵位之前,由挤压向拉伸转化时期,曾发现急剧隆升。早期隆升快,为０１３９ｍｍ／ａ,中期隆升变慢,为００２３ｍｍ／ａ。山根拆沉,均衡抬升,地幔上隆,上地壳伸展造盆成山,是造就苏胶造山带现今盆山构造和（超）高压带燕山期折返的主要原因  相似文献   

海洋生物多样性中心形成与演变机制的比较基因组研究进展     

陈楠生 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(2):274-286

在大气圈、水圈、岩石圈和生物圈等多圈层相互作用下,全球范围内海洋生物多样性中心的地理位置、物种组成结构和优势度都呈动态变化。迄今,海洋生物多样性中心的形成与演变机制在生态、遗传和分子等层面正逐步得到解析。在生态层面,学界涌现出了物种形成中心、物种汇聚中心、物种重叠中心和物种保存中心等重要科学假说,解析了生物多样性分布格局的重塑以及生物多样性中心的形成机理;其中,地质和洋流等是生物多样性分布格局形成的重要制约因素,从而形成了类似华莱士区这样具有特殊生物多样性的区域。在遗传层面,物种种内或种间频繁的基因交流和适应性辐射可以促进生物间不同基因型和表型的重新组合,衍生出更高更复杂的生物多样性水平,进而加速了生物多样性中心的形成。在分子层面,染色体进化、基因组多倍化、超级基因形成、基因复制、基因渗入、水平基因转移、遗传通路的进化和调控元件的进化等分子调控与进化机制可以引发新性状的形成和物种的多样化,从而推动生物多样性中心的形成。本文重点介绍了比较基因组学方法在揭示海洋生物多样性形成与演变的分子生物学机理方面的研究进展。对于海洋生物多样性中心形成和演变机制的深入了解,不仅可以提高我们对生物多样性动态变化理论的认知,亦可以促进海洋生物多样性保护和资源利用手段的改进和提高。  相似文献   

施氏獭蛤早期生长性状遗传参数和育种值估计     

邹杰  张守都  彭慧婧  郑德斌 《海洋科学》2021,45(2):99-105

以2代选育群体为亲本、采用巢式设计构建21个施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii)全同胞家系,利用混合线性模型对30日龄和80日龄施氏獭蛤生长性状进行遗传参数和育种值估计。结果显示:施氏獭蛤早期发育过程中壳长生长速度较壳高快,性状间遗传相关系数范围为0.96～0.98,表型相关系数范围为0.77～0.96,均呈正相关,80日龄施氏獭蛤壳长、壳高与体质量间表型相关系数较高;30日龄的壳长和壳高性状遗传力分别为0.31±0.02和0.25±0.01,80日龄的壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量性状的遗传力分别为:0.35±0.27、0.27±0.20、0.06±0.04和0.25±0.19,壳宽性状遗传力为低遗传力,其余性状遗传力均属中等遗传力;不同性状个体育种值的前10家系相同率为70%～90%,基于育种值选择比基于表型值选择效率提高13%～30%(10%留种率)。研究表明:施氏獭蛤早期对体质量性状进行选择时可参考壳长、壳高性状,早期利用壳长、壳高和体质量性状进行选择时遗传进度高,利用个体育种值进行选择具有更高的优势。研究结果将为施氏獭蛤生长性状选择育种提供了参考依据。  相似文献