Bubble size distribution in surface wave breaking entraining process   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Han Lei  Yuan YeLi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(11):1754-1760

From the similarity theorem, an expression of bubble population is derived as a function of the air en-trainment rate, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) spectrum density and the surface tension. The bubble size spectrum that we obtain has a dependence of a?2.5 nd on the bubble radius, in which nd is positive and dependent on the form of TKE spectrum within the viscous dissipation range. To relate the bubble population with wave parameters, an expression about the air entrainment rate is deduced by intro-ducing two statistical relations to wave breaking. The bubble population vertical distribution is also derived, based on two assumptions from two typical observation results.  相似文献   

东南极企鹅和海豹粪土层细菌群落的变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

马大卫  朱仁斌丁玮褚海燕  申聪聪 《极地研究》2012,24(3):226-237

海洋动物粪土是南极陆地生态系统养分的重要来源,粪土层细菌群落对南极苔原碳、氮循环过程起重要作用,但目前对南极海洋动物粪土层中细菌群落的变化特征却鲜有报道。本文采集了东南极四个企鹅、海豹粪土剖面样品,通过酶活性、微生物量碳、微生物熵、土壤呼吸和DNA浓度测定以及16 S r DNA-DGGE分析,探讨了粪土层中细菌群落变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。土壤转化酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性、微生物量碳、土壤呼吸和微生物熵随深度增加而递减,而代谢熵增加,表明随深度增加,微生物生存环境恶劣,造成细菌丰度和酶分泌量减小,需更多有机碳进行能量代谢。土壤DNA浓度与pH、含水率、TOC、TN、微生物量碳、土壤呼吸以及酶活性呈高度正相关,表明这些因子对粪土层中细菌种群的丰度有重要影响。DGGE图谱分析证实：东南极海洋动物粪土中含丰富的细菌群落结构,随深度增加泳道带型数量和亮度递减,表明细菌多样性和丰度递减。聚类分析表明：四个剖面随深度泳道带型差异明显,细菌遗传相似性为46%,企鹅、海豹粪土细菌群落差异性尤为明显;发现四个粪土剖面中,细菌丰度与企鹅、海豹粪的相对含量呈协调一致性变化,且表层5cm粪土层细菌丰度最高,表明东南极企鹅和海豹排泄物对土壤中细菌群落多样性变化起重要作用。  相似文献   

温度破纪录事件预测理论研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

封国林  杨杰  万仕全  侯威  支蓉 《气象学报》2009,67(1):61-74

分析中国740个常规观测站1960-2005年日最高、最低温度器测资料,揭示了46年来中国日最高、最低温度破纪录事件的强度特征.利用历史观测资料验证了日温度极值服从高斯分布,并将历史资料中已知的高、低温破纪录事件作为初始条件,经冗长的理论推导得到破纪录温度的期望值,与用纯极值理论进行迭代获得的结果相比,前者更符合观测事实,预测效果更好.在此基础上对中国未来可能发生的高、低温破纪录事件进行了预测评估,给出了各地区高、低温破纪录事件强度理论上所能达到的最大、最小值分布.结果表明中国各地区极端温度变化幅度差异明显,具有明显的区域特征,西南地区的极端高温事件强度未来处于较大上升期,西部相对较小;而极端低温事件强度降幅最大的区域位于东北和西北部地区,华中及西南地区处于相对平稳期.  相似文献   

Numerical study of a downslope windstorm in Northwestern Greece     

I. Koletsis  K. Lagouvardos  V. Kotroni  A. Bartzokas 《Atmospheric Research》2009,94(2):178-193

This paper describes the leeside wind storm of 25–26 March 1998, the most intense wind storm of the last decade in Northwestern Greece. This wind storm produced wind gusts of  30 m s^− 1 that resulted in tree uprooting, roof damaging, electric power network disruption and flooding in the lake-side areas of Ioannina city in Northwestern Greece. With the aim to identify the role of Mountain Mitsikeli near the city of Ioannina on the windstorm and to investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for such orographically induced weather events, numerical simulations with MM5 model have been performed. The model results showed that a resolution of 2-km resolution is necessary in order to reproduce the localized character of the wind storm. The analysis revealed that a synergistic combination of the cross-barrier northeasterly flow, the stable layer above the mountain top and the presence of a critical level, led to the intensification of the lee side winds during the studied wind event. Sensitivity experiments with modified topography, further supported the important role of mountain Mitsikeli that stands as an isolated obstacle, on the modification of the wind field during the observed windstorm.  相似文献   

钛酸锶的掺杂研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈贞亮  贾永忠  申承民  杨金贤  王政存 《盐湖研究》2001,9(3):32-37

采用溶胶 -凝胶方法 ,以 Co(AC) 2 、Zn(AC) 2 、Mg(AC) 2 、Ca(AC) 2 、Y2 O3、L a2 O3为掺杂物 ,对 Sr Ti O3进行了掺杂研究 ,研究结果表明 ,以醋酸盐为掺杂物所制得的样品 ,分散开的颗粒近似呈球形 ,粒径约为5 0 nm ,主相是 Sr Ti O3;以氧化钇为掺杂物所制得的样品 ,颗粒明显呈六边形 ,粒径约为 2 5 0 nm。各样品的阻温曲线显示 ,室温电阻率可达 10 6 欧姆·厘米。各样品的表征都是基于 XRD分析、TEM分析  相似文献   

Gravity and Inertia-Gravity Internal Waves: Breaking Processes and Induced Mixing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chantal Staquet 《Surveys in Geophysics》2004,25(3-4):281-314

Internal gravity waves, whether influenced or not by the Earths rotation, are ubiquitous dynamical features in the stratosphere and in the interior of the ocean. We review the mechanisms by which such waves may break when propagating in an infinite (possibly moving) fluid with uniform stratification. The methods and models used to quantify mixing in a stably-stratified fluid are next recalled. The mixing properties induced by the breaking waves as obtained from several field, experimental and numerical experiments reported in the literature are presented.  相似文献   

溶胶－凝胶方法制取纳米级超导物质的研究     

高京林 《现代地质》1996,(3)

当前对超导物质的研究都集中于高临界温度的超薄型物质的研究上，本研究通过相对简单的方法获得高纯度的纳米级的钙钛矿型超导物质，其过程为：通过溶胶－凝胶方法合成一种含有Ｌａ和Ｎｉ的高纯度的有机物，然后利用天然蒙脱石的离子交换性将上述化合物渗入到其含水层中以获得超薄型的超导物质  相似文献   

A note on the general concept of wave breaking for Rossby and gravity waves   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

M. E. McIntyre  T. N. Palmer 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(6):964-975

A recently proposed general definition of wave breaking is further discussed, in order to deal with some points on which misunderstanding appears to have arisen. As with surface and internal gravity waves, the classification of Rossby waves into breaking and not breaking is a generic classification based on dynamical considerations, and not a statement about any unique signature or automatically recognizable shape. Nor is it a statement about passive tracers uncorrelated with potential vorticity on isentropic surfaces. A strong motivation for the definition is that proofs of the nonacceleration theorem of wave, mean-flow interaction theory rely, explicitly or implicitly, on a hypothesis that the waves do not break in the sense envisaged.The general definition refers to the qualitative behaviour of a certain set of material contours, namely those, and only those, which would undulate reversibly, with small slopes, under the influence of the waves' restoring mechanism, in those circumstances for which linearized, nondissipative wave theory is a self-consistent approximation to nonlinear reality. The waves' restoring mechanism depends upon the basic-state vertical potential density gradient in the case of gravity waves, and upon the basic-state isentropic gradient of potential vorticity in the case of Rossby waves. In the usual linearized theory of planetary scale Rossby waves on a zonal shear flow, the relevant material contours lie along latitude circles when undisturbed.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of the microbial community in modern lacustrine sediments of Taihu Lake.     

DIAO Xin-Jing YANG Liu-Yan YIN Da-Jiang WANG Ru-Cheng LIU Xian-Cai LIU Jian-Jun 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):177

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硅胶／壳聚糖吸附材料的制备及表征     

张玉玉  王以明  蔡国军 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(3):109-112

利用γ-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂与活化硅胶表面的羟基反应,制备了硅烷化硅胶,所得产物与壳聚糖反应合成了硅胶／壳聚糖复合吸附材料。通过红外光谱分析（IR）,扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱分析对复合材料进行表征,并测试了硅胶／壳聚糖复合材料对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附能力。结果表明：复合吸附材料对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋具有很好的吸附能力,最大吸附率为96．01％及90．65％。  相似文献